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Topic: Equivalent airspeed

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Calibrated airspeed

True airspeed

Airspeed

Airspeed indicator

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	Airspeed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is calibrated airspeed corrected for error due to air compressibility which arises at high altitudes and mach numbers.
		The significance of equivalent airspeed is that at Mach numbers below the onset of wave drag, all of the aerodynamic forces and moments on an aircraft scale with the square of the equivalent airspeed.
		The equivalent airspeed is closely related to the Indicated airspeed speed shown by the airspeed indicator.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airspeed (757 words)

	Flight Training Articles
		Equivalent airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for the compression of the air at a particular altitude.
		True airspeed is the calibrated airspeed or EAS as appropriate corrected for pressure altitude and temperature.
		It is the airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air and is used primarily in flight planning.
	www.gg-pilot.com /ggweeklyarticle.asp?id=5 (372 words)

	4-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The airspeed indicator is constructed to measure the difference between ram pressure from the pitot head and atmospheric pressure from the static source.
		Equivalent airspeed is the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude.
		Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level; it is significant to pilots of high speed aircraft, but relatively unimportant to the average light plane pilot.
	avstop.com /AC/Instument/4-1.html (1408 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
		The airspeed indicator is a hollow diaphragm connected to the Pitot tube.
		The airspeed is indicated on the dial in statute miles or nautical miles (knots) per hour.
	expandingknowledge.com /Jerome/PG/Talk/Air/Speed/Indicator_Types.htm (1937 words)

	airspeed indicator
		Calibrated airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for errors associated with the instrument and position.
		Equivalent airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for compressibility error.
		True airspeed is equivalent airspeed corrected for density altitude.
	www.aviationgroundschool.com /sample_pages/airspeed3.html (569 words)

	EA 205 PRINCIPLES OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Airspeed Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To determine the response of an airspeed indicator to various flow velocities and to compare the results to the theoretical values obtained from the momentum theory.
		Record the indicated airspeed and the height reading on the U-tube manometer as the flow velocity is reduced in increments of 2” of H
		The equation for indicated airspeed as a function of dynamic pressure that is fitted to the experimental data is of the form:
	web.usna.navy.mil /~aeroweb/courses/ea205/AirspeedLab.html (341 words)

	Equivalent airspeed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is the airspeed which represents the same dynamic pressure at altitude that would be generated by flying at the corresponding true airspeed (TAS) at sea level.
		At sea level EAS is the same as calibrated airspeed (CAS).
		At high altitude, EAS may be obtained from CAS by correcting for compressibility error.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equivalent_airspeed (147 words)

	[No title]
		A cross plot of airspeed deceleration rate, as defined in paragraph 29c(5), versus angle of attack rate for all related test points, will show the general trend of this relationship for each flap setting.
		29c(5) (i) Indicated airspeed from the flight test airspeed system is recorded throughout the stall, and these values are corrected to equivalent airspeed.
		The specified airspeed deceleration rate, and associated angle of attack rate, should be maintained up to the point at which the aeroplane stalls.
	www.aia-aerospace.org /issues/subject/jaa_req_0302/ftg/ch2sec6.doc (4291 words)

	Quiz #7 -- Airspeed Indicators
		In this quiz, which appears in abbreviated form in the May 1996 issue of IFR magazine, we take a look at ASIs and find out how well you understand these most taken-for-granted of cockpit instruments.
		Equivalent is true airspeed corrected for position errors.
		Equivalent airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for compressibility effects.
	www.avweb.com /programs/quiz.cgi/brain/quiz0007.html (461 words)

	Airspeed - Psychology Central
		Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is calibrated airspeed corrected to take into account the increase in the pressure in the pitot tube due to the compressibility of the air.
		The difference between calibrated airspeed and equivalent airspeed is negligible at low Mach numbers rising to 3% at Mach 0.5 and 13% at Mach 1.
		The relationship between true airspeed and equivalent airspeed ( $\ V_e$ )is given by:
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Airspeed (888 words)

	Arnold Publishing - Civil Jet Aircraft Design - Atmosphere and Airspeeds
		The performance and other operational characteristics of the aircraft are directly influenced by the properties of the atmosphere in which it is flying.
		= 'calibrated airspeed' - this is the speed as determined by the airspeed indicator corrected for positional and instrument errors.
		Equivalent airspeed is a direct measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of air and therefore is directly related to the forces on the aircraft (lift and drag) and the corresponding structural loading.
	www.apnet.com /companions/034074152X/appendices/data-d (1087 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Also, the term "slip" is often distinguished from "skid." Both terms describe the longitudinal axis' not being aligned with the direction of motion; slip describes a condition of the nose pointing outside a turn, whereas skid describes a condition of the nose pointing inside a turn.
		To calculate airspeed you use a couple of equations derived from conservation of mass and conservation of momentum of the airflow (mass continuity and bournulli in low speed flight and the perfect gas law) to get V based on pressure.
		One interesting use for Equivalent Airspeed may or may not be obvious from the posts so far.
	www.orbitersim.com /v2/read.asp?id=18985 (1604 words)

	Airspeed
		Equivalent airspeed [EAS] = CAS adjusted (mentally from a chart) for air compressibility effects occurring at both high dynamic pressures and low static pressures.
		The torque of the engine and inertia of the heavy propeller tends to twist the aircraft around the propeller shaft and the consequent roll may increase the aoa of the downgoing wing past the critical aoa.
		Regulations for type certificated aircraft require that the complete airspeed indicating system of pitot head, static vent, connecting tubes and instrument be tuned so that the IAS reading is within 3% of the true reading over the normal airspeed range from Vs to Vc.
	www.auf.asn.au /groundschool/umodule2.html (9584 words)

	Standard nomenclature for airspeeds with tables and charts for use in calculation of airspeed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Symbols and definition of various airspeed terms that have been adopted as standard by the NACA subcommittee on aircraft structural design are presented.
		The equations, charts, and tables required in the evaluation of true airspeed, calibrated airspeed, equivalent airspeed, impact and dynamic pressures, and Mach and Reynolds numbers have been compiled.
		Tables of the standard atmosphere to an altitude of 65,000 feet and a tentative extension to an altitude of 100,000 feet are given along with the basic equations and constants on which both the standard atmosphere and the tentative extension are based.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1946/naca-report-837 (132 words)

	Placard Diagram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The placard diagram is an envelope diagram that shows the structural design airspeeds as a function of altitude.
		Especially for supersonic aircraft it is often not necessary to operate at high equivalent airspeeds at low altitudes.
		Basically, it is the airspeed at which the required vertical gust, produces maximum CL on the aircraft.
	adg.stanford.edu /aa241/structures/placard.html (415 words)

	Flight-Test Evaluation of Flutter-Prediction Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The airspeeds of these test points were increased until the onset of flutter was encountered at 460 knots of equivalent airspeed (KEAS) [Å237 m/s equivalent airspeed].
		As the test proceeds, the airspeed should be increased until the system nears the speed of instability predicted by the flutterometer.
		At this point, the envelope should be expanded to high-speed test points by relying heavily on the data-based methods to finalize an accurate prediction of the exact speed at which flutter will be encountered.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec03/DRC0157.html (662 words)

	perf
		EAS - Equivalent Air Speed is the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude.
		Fuseable plugs are several channels arranged circumferentially around the wheel and filled with a solder-like material that is normally hard, but which turns to liquid at it's peak temperature and flows out of the channel allowing the nitrogen to exit the tire.
		Since there is no means for a pilot to determine his gradient of climb while in flight, it is important that he observe quite closely the prescribed techniques and airspeeds, particularly during the early stages of flight, to assure obstacle and terrain clearance in the event of engine failure.
	clem.mscd.edu /~christib/wprof/fecourse/121perf.htm (5643 words)

	[No title]
		True airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for density altitude.
		True airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for density altitude.
		Equivalent airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for compressibility.
	www.nawcad.navy.mil /flyingclub/exams/FlightInstructorExam.doc (2846 words)

	V-n Diagram
		This diagram illustrates the variation in load factor with airspeed for maneuvers.
		The FAA specifies the magnitude of the gusts to be used as a function of altitude and speed:
		These velocities are specified as equivalent airspeeds and are linearly interpolated between 20000 and 50000 ft.
	adg.stanford.edu /aa241/structures/vn.html (521 words)

	[No title]
		If you know the true airspeed at altitude, you can find the dynamic pressure from the equation q=.5RhoVel^2, where Rho is the density of air at the altitude you are at.
		For the SR-71, at 70,000 feet, M=3.2, the true airspeed is 1835 KTAS, while the equivalent airspeed is 377 KEAS.
		Equivalent airspeed is often used when giving structural limits on an aircraft.
	www.netwrx1.net /skunk-works/v10.n008 (4244 words)

	[No title]
		Canard means the forward wing of a canard configuration and may be a fixed, movable, or variable geometry surface, with or without control surfaces.
		However, threshold lights may protrude above the plane if their height above the end of the runway is 26 inches or less and if they are located to each side of the runway.
		"Climbout speed," with respect to rotorcraft, means a referenced airspeed which results in a flight path clear of the height-velocity envelope during initial climbout.
	www.airresearch.com /demo/test/far-1.txt (4960 words)

	Embry-Riddle - How Fast Are We Flying
		To correct for this, the aircraft has a static air pressure port that is also connected to the airspeed indicator.
		The greater the difference between the ram and static pressures, the greater the indicated airspeed.
		To eliminate the compressibility error, the pilot refers to an "Airspeed Compressibility Chart." The greater the CAS and the higher the altitude, the more the pilot must subtract from the CAS to obtain the "equivalent airspeed" (EAS).
	www.erau.edu /er/newsmedia/articles/cont14.html (557 words)

	airspeed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The unqualified term "airspeed" can mean any one of the following.
		indicated airspeed--The airspeed shown by an airspeed indicator.
		true airspeed--Equivalent airspeed corrected for error due to air density (altitude and temperature).
	www.dtic.mil /doctrine/jel/doddict/data/a/00284.html (52 words)

	True, Equivalent, and Calibrated Airspeeds
		When this is done, the result is called equivalent airspeed.
		Given the definition of calibrated airspeed, we sometimes need to compute it based on the actual measured values of the static pressure p
		For small Mach numbers (much less than 1) the zeroth order term of the expansion is often accurate enough for practical purposes, but for Mach numbers approaching 1 it is necessary to take account of the higher-order terms - or else simply use the exact analytical expression.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath282/kmath282.htm (627 words)

	Aviation 130 Handout: Lesson Two Outline
		Therefore the airspeed indicator measures the difference between ____________ __________ ____________ (H+) from the _________ __________ and ____________ ___________ from the ___________ _____________ by the expanding/contracting of an internal diaphragm and through a mechanical linkage ____________ (_____) is pointed out on the dial of the airspeed indicator.
		Both pitot tube and drain hole blocked, airspeed indicator acts as an _______________.
		Airspeed indicator will indicate ________________ if using the alternate source.
	www.aviation.uiuc.edu /UnitsPPD/ptCourseWork/AVI130/BillJonesWeb/less2.html (740 words)

	AWST STORY
		When the high entry stresses are over, the configuration is returned from feather to a normal glider, and the pilot makes a conventional landing at an airport with an approach speed around 110 kt.
		The feather can be activated after equivalent airspeed drops below 10 KEAS during ascent, and is retracted when speed has dropped to subsonic on entry and load factor is under 1.2g, which occurs at about 80,000 ft. The shuttlecock angle of attack is 53 deg.
		The equivalent airspeed envelope is to be expanded by diving in glides.
	www.aviationnow.com /avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/04213top.xml (3480 words)

	Descent Flight Ops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Propellant in the forward jets is usually dumped overboard to improve the vehicle center of gravity.
		The following data shows the approximate altitudes, dynamic pressures (q-bar), and equivalent airspeeds for some important events.
		Even though the true airspeed of the vehicle at q-bar of 0.5 is around Mach 24, the equivalent airspeed is only 12 knots (written as 12 KEAS).
	home.att.net /~davidwitwer/descent.htm (632 words)

	IHS ESDU: Data Item 78017
		78017: True airspeed in the International Standard Atmosphere and equivalent airspeed corresponding to Mach number and pressure altitude.
		ESDU 78017 gives graphs showing the variation of true airspeed in m/s with equivalent airspeed in m/s, pressure altitudes in m and Mach number, and the variation of true airspeed in knots with equivalent airspeed in knots, pressure altitudes in feet and Mach number, both in an International Standard Atmosphere.
		The graphs complement those in ESDU 69026 which includes data on the variation of calibrated airspeed.
	www.esdu.com /graphics/dataitem/78017.htm (111 words)

	FUNDAMENTALS OF AERODYNAMICS
		Equivalent airspeed is the true airspeed at sea level on a standard day that produces the same dynamic pressure as the total flight condition
		Equivalent parasite area (f) is a mathematically computed value equal to the area of a flat plate perpendicular to the wind that would produce the same amount of drag as form drag, friction drag, and interference drag combined
		ELO 1.170 Describe the effects on true airspeed, indicated airspeed, and ground speed for takeoff and landing due to variations in weight, density, and high lift devices, and wind.
	www.navygouge.com /api/basics/ELOs/aero.html (11551 words)

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