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Topic: Equivalent dose

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equivalent dose

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	Sievert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent.
		The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in grays, by a dimensionless "quality factor" Q, dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor N, dependent on all other pertinent factors.
		The collective dose that a population is exposed to is measured in "man-sieverts" (man.Sv).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sievert (540 words)

	Equivalent dose - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The equivalent dose should not be mistaken for dose equivalent.
		Dose equivalent (H) presents the absorbed dose at a specific location in tissue weighted by a distribution of quality factors (Q).
		Equivalent dose (E) is calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose (D) with the evaluation factor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equivalent_dose (280 words)

	Whole Body Scanning Using Computed Cotomography (CT) - Radiation Quantities and Units
		Absorbed dose is the energy deposited in a small volume of matter (tissue) by the radiation beam passing through the matter divided by the mass of the matter.
		Equivalent dose - The biological effects of an absorbed dose of a given magnitude are dependent on the type of radiation delivering the energy (i.e., whether the radiation is from x rays, gamma rays, electrons (beta rays), alpha particles, neutrons, or other particulate radiation) and the amount of radiation absorbed.
		Thus, for CT, the absorbed dose in a tissue, in Gy, is equal to the equivalent dose in Sv.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/CT/rqu.html (568 words)

	[No title]
		Doses received in excess of the annual limits, including doses received during accidents, emergencies, and planned special exposures, shall be subtracted from the limits for planned special exposures that the individual may receive during the current year and during the individual's lifetime.
		The assigned deep equivalent dose (H) and shallow equivalent dose (H) shall be for the portion of the body receiving the highest exposure: i.
		Assignment of the highest deep equivalent dose (H) for the declared pregnant woman to the embryo/fetus is not required unless that dose is also the most representative deep equivalent dose (H) for the region of the embryo/fetus.
	www.dhss.delaware.gov /dhss/dph/hsp/files/2002radcontregsprtd.txt (11473 words)

	ORSS website
		The deep-dose equivalent applies to external whole-body exposure and is intended to represent the upper limit to the dose received by the major organs and tissues of the body other than skin and lens of the eye.
		One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 J kg -1 (100 rad).
		Public Dose – The dose received by a member of the public from exposure to radiation and to radioactive material released by a license, or to another source of radiation either within a licensee’s controlled area or in unrestricted areas.
	www.umdnj.edu /orssweb/ValuableTerminology.htm (2712 words)

	Radiation Safety Manual 1997
		The dose received by an individual in a restricted area or in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involve exposure to radiation and to radioactive material from licensed and unlicensed sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee or other person.
		Dose received by a member of the public from exposure to radiation and to radioactive material released by a licensee, or to another source of radiation either within a licensee’s controlled area or in unrestricted areas.
		The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in grays multiplied by the quality factor.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/EHS/prod/researchlab/radlaser/manual/appendices/glossary.htm (1499 words)

	RADIATION SOURCES AND EFFECTS
		The dose equivalent is a quantity that accounts for the different efficiencies of different external radiations in causing harm to a given organ or tissue.
		A dose equivalent of 1 Sv of neutrons to the lung would be expected to produce the same harm as a dose equivalent of 1 Sv of gamma rays to the lung.
		An effective dose equivalent of 1 Sv for a nonuniform, combined exposure to neutrons and gamma rays would represent the theoretical dose of gamma rays uniformly distributed over the body that would incur the same risk of harm from stochastic effects (mainly cancer) as for the actual nonuniform exposure to neutrons and gamma rays.
	www.radiation-scott.org /radsource/2-0.htm (1414 words)

	Chapter 2, Part 1 - Administrative Control Levels and Dose Limits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The committed effective dose equivalent is the resulting dose committed to the whole body from internally deposited radionuclides over a 50-year period after intake.
		The internal contribution to lifetime occupational dose from intakes prior to January 1, 1989, should be calculated in terms of either cumulative annual effective dose equivalent or committed effective dose equivalent.
		If the dose to the embryo/fetus is determined to have already exceeded 500 mrem when a worker notifies her employer of her pregnancy, the worker shall not be assigned to tasks where additional occupational radiation exposure is likely during the remainder of the gestation period.
	www.eh.doe.gov /docs/rcm/ch21.html (1399 words)

	EFMR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Equivalent dose is considered the most appropriate means for measuring biological damage from radiation.
		Equivalent dose using rems is often expressed in terms of thousandths of a rem, or millirem.
		With Sieverts, equivalent dose is often expressed in terms of millionths of a Sievert, or micro-Sievert.
	www.efmr.org /RADALERT.htm (1371 words)

	ICRU News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This limitation system made no assumptions about the dependence of risk on the dose while the assessment system (4) introduced by ICRP beginning with their Publication 26 is intended to specify the probability of detrimental effects in terms of the dose equivalent with the assumption of proportionality with a coefficient termed the risk factor.
		The ambient dose equivalent requires that in polydirectional irradiation a dosimeter intended to determine the dose equivalent at a shallow depth in a sphere, responds as if the radiation field is unidirectional.
		Otherwise the cema equivalent may be considered a conservative measure of the maximum dose equivalent in whole body irradiations.
	www.icru.org /n_991_2.htm (1324 words)

	Equivalent dose -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Equivalent dose is therefore a less fundamental quantity than radiation (additional info and facts about absorbed dose) absorbed dose, but is more biologically significant.
		Equivalent dose has units of (additional info and facts about sievert) sieverts.
		Equivalent dose (E) is calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose (D) with a radiation type dependent quality factor (Q):
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/eq/equivalent_dose.htm (63 words)

	NYSDEC Regulations SubPart 380-2
		(28) "Eye dose equivalent" applies to the external exposure of the lens of the eye and is taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm²).
		One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs/gram or 0.01 joule/kilogram (0.01 gray).
		Absorbed dose in rad equal to 1 rem or the absorbed dose in gray equal to 1 sievert.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/regs/subpart380_02.html (2529 words)

	Methadone Dosing Methods and Examples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Another study examined the dose ratio of morphine to methadone, stating that the dose ratios commonly published (1:1, 3:1, and 4:1) were conducted on opioid naïve subjects treated with single dose drugs.
		The previous opioid is stopped and replaced by a fixed dose of methadone that is one tenth of the opioid’s calculated morphine-equivalent dose when the morphine equivalent dose is less than 300 mg/day.
		This methadone daily dose is based on an equianalgesic ratio of 10:1 of the reduced opioid dose (in morphine equivalents).
	www.hsc.wvu.edu /sop/wvcdhi/faq/methadonedosing.asp (1210 words)

	Glossary E
		Common endpoints include estimates of dose or risk, estimated frequency or probability of an event or type of event (such as core damage), expected number of health effects in a population, predicted environmental concentrations of radionuclides, etc.
		where the reduction in doses or risks that could be achieved through regulatory control are disproportionately small in relation to the costs associated with such regulatory control (irrespective of the actual level of the doses or risks).
		Dose is a measure of the degree of exposure.
	www-ns.iaea.org /tutorials/regcontrol/intro/glossarye.htm (2045 words)

	SDV Nuclear Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The dose equivalent received by a person to a specified organ during one calendar year due to uptake of a radionuclide.
		It represents a dose equivalent or a dose that is correlated with injury due to radiation exposure.
		The sievert is the SI unit of absorbed dose; 1 rem is equivalent to 0.01 sievert.
	glossary.dataenabled.com /sdvglossary_dose.html (1642 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Minor Revision of Design Basis Accident Dose Limits for Independent Spent Fuel Storage and ...
		Under the part 20 calculational methodology, deep-dose equivalent (Hd), which applies to the external whole-body exposure, is defined in 10 CFR 20.1003 as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm²).
		The committed dose equivalent (CDE)(HT,50) is defined in 10 CFR 20.1003 to mean the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference (T) that will be received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50- year period following the intake.
		The total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) is the sum of the deep-dose equivalent (for external exposure) and the committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures).
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/1998/October/Day-13/f27349.htm (2364 words)

	Dose equivalent
		According to ICRU Report 51 the dose equivalent, H, is the product of Q and D at a point in tissue, where D is the absorbed dose and Q is the quality factor at that point, thus
		H = Q D. The unit is J kg-1, the special name for the unit of dose equivalent is sievert (Sv).
		The quantity dose equivalent is defined for routine radiation-protection applications.
	www.euronuclear.org /info/encyclopedia/d/doseequivalent.htm (232 words)

	Active Skim View of: Glossary
		The average annual effective dose due to natural background radiation in the United States is about 0.1 rem, excluding the dose due to indoor radon, and the average annual effective dose due to indoor radon is about 0.2 rem.
		beta-to-gamma dose ratio: An estimated ratio of the equivalent dose to the skin or lens of the eye from external exposure to beta particles to the associated equivalent dose to the whole body from external exposure to photons.
		In this report, the term is used to denote average absorbed dose in an organ or tissue, equivalent dose, effective dose, or effective dose equivalent, and to denote dose received or committed dose.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309089026&chap=361-378 (910 words)

	Radiation Health in Dentistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The equivalent dose measures the biological effects of various types of radiation on living tissue.
		The traditional unit of equivalent dose is the roentgen equivalent man, or rem.
		It is the sum of the products of the absorbed dose and the radiation weighting factor, which is a numerical value given to various tissues such as gonads, bone marrow, thyroid gland, and skin.
	www.dentalcare.com /soap/ce132pc/pg03.htm (379 words)

	Equivalent Dose and Radiation Weighting Factor
		The equivalent dose was introduced to take into account the dependence of the harmful biological effects on the type of radiation being absorbed.
		The equivalent dose is therefore a measure of the risk associated with an exposure to ionising radiation ;.
		The unit of equivalent dose is the sievert ; (Sv) and is defined for a given type of radiation by the relationship:
	www.triumf.ca /EHS/rpt/rpt_3/node7.html (436 words)

	Radiation Safety Guide: Chapter 11 PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS
		Dose limits are established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and are the legal requirements which must be met for work with radioisotopes.
		The TEDE is the sum of the Deep Dose Equivalent (the dose from external radiation) and the Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (the dose from internally deposited radionuclides).
		The Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) is calculated by adding the dose determined from the badge dosimeter (external deep dose equivalent) to that of determined from urine and thyroid bioassay procedures (internal committed effective dose equivalent).
	www.niehs.nih.gov /odhsb/radhyg/radguide/sectxi.htm (499 words)

	The Why Files \| 6. Measuring radiation
		Rad (radiation absorbed dose): measures the absorbed dose; can be used for any type of radiation or material.
		Rem (roentgen equivalent man): used to derive "equivalent dose" and compare the effective biological damage of radiation.
		The dose is often expressed in terms of thousandths of a rem (millirem, or mrem).
	whyfiles.org /020radiation/index.php?g=6.txt (183 words)

	Equivalent dose to the fetus from occupational exposure of pregnant staff in diagnostic radiology -- Osei and Kotre 74 ...
		Equivalent dose to the fetus from occupational exposure of pregnant staff in diagnostic radiology -- Osei and Kotre 74 (883): 629 -- The British Journal of Radiology
		Equivalent dose to the fetus from occupational exposure of pregnant staff in diagnostic radiology
		The equivalent dose to the fetus from occupational exposure
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/74/883/629 (3767 words)

	Recommendations
		(H) is based on the absorbed dose at a "point" in tissue which is weighted by a distribution of quality factors (Q) which are related to the LET distribution of the radiation at that point.
		Unless specified otherwise, an integration time of 50 y after intake is recommended for the occupational dose, and 70 y for members of the public.
		received in the year of intake because they reflect the dose that will be delivered in the future as well as that delivered in the year of intake.
	www.tenorm.com /ncrp116icrp60.htm (680 words)

	Viewing Section 16.6 - Occupational dose limits
		(i) The deep dose equivalent, eye dose equivalent and shallow dose equivalent may be assessed from surveys or other radiation measurements for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the occupational dose limits, if the individual monitoring device was not in the region of highest potential exposure, or the results of individual monitoring are unavailable.
		The dose equivalents for the lens of the eye, the skin, and the extremities are not included in the summation, but are subject to separate limits.
		The dose from planned special exposures shall not be considered in controlling future occupational dose of the individual pursuant to paragraph (1) of section 16.6(a) but shall be included in evaluations required by paragraphs (4) and (5) of this subdivision.
	w3.health.state.ny.us /dbspace/NYCRR10.nsf/56cf2e25d626f9f785256538006c3ed7/8525652c00680c3e85256530006531d8?OpenDocument (2587 words)

	Radior - Chapitre 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		or the same absorbed dose, the biological damage to an exposed organ depends on the type of radiation involved.
		: for a given organ, a dose of 0.2 gray of gamma or beta radiation results in as much biological damage as that caused by a dose of 0.01 gray of alpha radiation.
		In other words, for the same absorbed dose, alpha radiation is 20 times more harmful than beta or gamma radiation.
	www.iaea.org /ns/rasanet/programme/radiationsafety/radiationprotection/radiorweb/chap1/eqdos.htm (117 words)

	G References
		The annual dose limits for a minor working in a restricted area are 10% of the doses for an adult radiation worker.
		The dose to an Embryo-Fetus, as a result of an occupational exposure of its mother, shall not exceed 0.5 Rems during the entire period of gestation.
		A woman who works in an area that is restricted for purposes of controlling radiation exposure, may, upon learning that she is pregnant, declare her pregnancy in writing to her supervisor, and request that the dose limits for the Embryo-Fetus apply to her for the duration of her pregnancy.
	www.usda.gov /da/shmd/sec41.htm (517 words)

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