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Topic: Equivalent potential temperature

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	Temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of "hot" and "cold", in which something that is hotter has the greater temperature.
		Temperature arises from the random microscopic motions of the atomic and subatomic constituents of matter, where temperature is related to the average energy of these microscopic motions.
		Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperature (3046 words)

	Equivalent potential temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equivalent potential temperature, commonly referred to as Theta-e
		, is a measure of the instability of air at a given pressure, humidity, and temperature.
		Theta-e is the temperature of one parcel of air at 100 kPa (1000 mbar) after considering the energy from when the water vapor in the parcel is condensed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equivalent_potential_temperature (253 words)

	Potential temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Potential temperature is a more dynamically important quantity than the actual temperature.
		The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) potential temperature perturbation is defined as the difference between the potential temperature of the ABL and the potential temperature of the free atmosphere above the ABL.
		This value is called the potential temperature deficit in the case of a katabatic flow, because the surface will always be colder than the free atmosphere and the PT perturbation will be negative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potential_temperature (345 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Temperature extreme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Temperature extremes are the highest and lowest temperatures recorded in specific locales.
		Additionally, only temperatures recorded four feet (1.2 metres) or higher above the ground, and in the shade, are admissible, as ground temperatures in many areas are much hotter than air temperatures.
		Recorded temperature extremes are almost certainly not the highest and lowest climactic temperatures ever; weather records have only been kept for a few decades in some locales, and uninhabited locations are recorded rarely if ever.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Temperature_extreme (181 words)

	Skew-T Log-P Diagram: Temperature
		To determine the temperature of air at a given pressure level, it is necessary to locate the isotherm that intersects the vertical temperature profile in the atmosphere and then read the temperature value from the isotherm.
		Potential temperature, or the temperature of a parcel of air if it were compressed or expanded dry adiabatically to 1000 millibars, allows meteorologists to make comparisons between air parcels at different pressure levels and make a prognosis of where cold air and warm air are moving.
		Equivalent temperature, which results from releasing all heat within a parcel and then bringing it adiabatically back to a pressure level of interest, can be used to relate moisture content and temperature of the air.
	www.personal.psu.edu /smd293/meteo482/temperature.html (1703 words)

	[No title]
		The temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
		Potential temperature (theta) is defined as the temperature an air parcel would have if lowered along the dry adiabat to 1000 mb.
		Note that potential temperature tends to be higher in the upper atmosphere.
	apollo.lsc.vsc.edu /~wintelsw/MET2110/notes/lesson08.lifting (1070 words)

	ATOC 4710/5710 Midterm 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We know that for a dry adiabatic process (first parcel), the potential temperature is constant, so parcel I at point A has a potential temperature of about 30 C (or about 303 K).
		Equivalent potential temperature is defined as the potential temperature that a parcel of air would have if the relative humidity was 0% (that is, if all the latent heat from the water in the parcel was released into the air).
		Because of the differences in potential temperatures you calculated at points B and C for parcel II, we need some sort of term that is invariant with altitude.
	atoc.colorado.edu /~toohey/5710m1.html (1042 words)

	The CSI Homepage: Frequently Asked Questions
		When theta-es decreases with height (equivalently defined as the lapse rate being between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates), that is conditional instability.
		Fields of dewpoint temperature can be drawn in regions where the relative humidity is not 100%, but that does not imply that the whole field is saturated.
		Just because fields of potential temperature can be drawn does not imply that the whole field is at 1000 mb (the pressure at which the actual temperature of the air would be the potential temperature).
	www.nssl.noaa.gov /csi/contents/faq.shtml (975 words)

	MM5 Cyclone Visualization
		The iso-surfaces of potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature show a cold and dry air mass coming from northeast China, which caused the frontal genesis and the baroclinic development of the cyclone.
		The iso-surface of potential vorticity shows that the stratospheric high potential vorticity intruded into the upper troposphere.
		An upper vortex was cut off from the trough, and a considerable ridge developed on the downstream side of the cyclone at the upper level.
	www.vets.ucar.edu /vg/MM5/index.shtml (453 words)

	Equivalent potential temperature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Equivalent temperature indicates the potential temperature of a parcel of air whose latent heat had been completely released.
		Physically, it's what the parcel's temperature would be if it were forced upwards to about 200 mb then forced downwards to 1000 mb.
		In any given atmosphere, higher values of surface or low-level theta-e will always yield higher instability values (it's a better indicator than dewpoint or temperature), so theta-e is useful for seeing where an inversion or cap is about to break.
	www.weathergraphics.com /da/doc/equivalentpotentialtemperature.htm (81 words)

	EarthStorm
		a chart containing isopleths (contours) of pressure, temperature, moisture, and potential temperature, all drawn relative to each other such that basic thermodynamic laws are satisfied (e.g., conservation of energy).
		Such a chart typically is used to plot atmospheric soundings, and to estimate potential changes in temperature, moisture, etc. if air were displaced vertically from a given level.
		an instrument for measuring temperature consisting typically of a glass bulb attached to a fine tube of glass with a numbered scale and containing a liquid that is sealed in and rises and falls with changes of temperature
	earthstorm.ocs.ou.edu /materials/t.php (896 words)

	Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Although there are numerous volcanoes (some very active) on the solar system's rocky planets and moons, on Earth at least, this phenomenon tends to occur near the boundaries of the continental plates.
		Potential candidates include Yellowstone National Park and Lake Toba, but are hard to identify given that there is no formal definition of the term.
		These oscillations are the equivalent of acoustic vibrations in a chamber, in the context of magma chambers within the volcanic dome.
	volcano.iqnaut.net (3495 words)

	411C: M5, U3, P5: Convective Instabilities
		The temperature inversion has disappeared and B' is now colder than A. If we evaluate the stability of this layer after it has been lifted by comparing the new environmental lapse rate (A' to B') to the moist adiabatic lapse rate lines, we find that the lifted layer is unstable.
		In fact, the easiest way to determine the convective stability of a layer is to compare the equivalent potential temperature of the upper and lower boundaries of the layer in question.
		In a convectively unstable layer, the equivalent potential temperature of the lower boundary is greater than the upper boundary, or to say it another way, the equivalent potential temperature decreases with height through the layer.
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/411c/module05/unit03/page05.html (819 words)

	What controls the saturation deficit? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A consequence of the weak temperature gradient approximation is that variations in the saturation deficit are controlled primarily by variations in the profile of
		The second term represents the net import or export of equivalent potential temperature in a convective region by the convection itself.
		The third and fourth terms represent the effects of surface and tropopause fluxes of equivalent potential temperature due to molecular transfer and radiative processes.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/papers/tropfcst/node6.html (511 words)

	Tropical Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Warm core implies an increase in temperature towards the center of the axis.
		Analysis of potential temperature and/or temperature will show, most of the time, little to no variations on the horizontal temperature gradient.
		The equivalent potential temperature is a better indicator than temperature alone, since it combines the latent heat released during condensation with the sensible heat of the parcel of air.
	www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov /international/training/tropicalwaves/sld008.htm (151 words)

	No Title
		The upper bound on tropical cyclone intensity is calculated using sea surface temperature and atmospheric thermodynamic profiles from the latest output of the Medium Range Forecasting (MRF) model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.
		the saturation equivalent potential temperature at the ocean surface, and
		This expression is the dimensional equivalent of Eq.
	wind.mit.edu /~emanuel/pcmin/pclat/pclat.html (678 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The impact of the land surface on the potential for precipitating convection is examined.
		To do so, an analytical expression that relates boundary layer equivalent potential temperature to the surface evaporative fraction is derived, by means of the slab model of the convective boundary layer.
		Analysis of the resulting expression shows that the equivalent potential temperature increases with the evaporative fraction under most circumstances, except for very dry atmospheres, and that this increase is enhanced in the presence of a low-level moist layer.
	www.agu.org /pubs/gap/DeRidderK/DeRidderK.html (131 words)

	skewt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The temperature corresponds to a certain water vapor mixing ratio that would be at saturation for that temperature, w
		If you are given two of the three quantities dewpoint temperature, temperature, or relative humidity, you can find the other two using the process in 2.
		As the air parcel continues to descend, and all the water is in the vapor form, the temperature changes according to the dry adiabat and the water vapor mixing ratio remains constant.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~brune/m300/skewt.html (511 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters
		Soundings are used extensively in severe weather forecasting, e.g., to determine instability, locate temperature inversions, measure the strength of the cap, obtain the convective temperature, etc.
		Theta-e (or Equivalent Potential Temperature) - The temperature a parcel of air would have if a) it was lifted until it became saturated, b) all water vapor was condensed out, and c) it was returned adiabatically (i.e., without transfer of heat or mass) to a pressure of 1000 millibars.
		Triple point also may refer to a point on the gust front of a supercell, where the warm moist inflow, the rain-cooled outflow from the forward flank downdraft, and the rear flank downdraft all intersect; this point is a favored location for tornado development (or redevelopment).
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary4.php (4121 words)

	New Maproom products
		The maps of potential temperature on the dynamic tropopause (DT) are constructed by:
		Coupling potential is defiend as the difference between the potential temperature on the DT and the 850 hPa equivalent potential temperature.
		Potential Temperature on the Dynamic Tropopause, 200-900 hPa Vertical Wind Shear (m/s), and 900 hPa Relative Vorticity
	www.atmos.albany.edu /student/mjd/maproom.html (393 words)

	Definitions
		The temperature of an air parcel that has been adjusted for adiabatic heating and the heating due to water vapor content.
		Heat content (equivalent potential temperature) and moisture content (total water mixing ratio) are conserved as an air parcel rises/descends.
		The saturation point of an air parcel is found by dry(moist) adiabatic ascent(descent) to the pressure level where the parel is saturated, giving the saturation level parcel temperature and pressure.
	www-ccs.ucsd.edu /~kate/definitions.html (663 words)

	RUC/MAPS variables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It evolves in the RUC2 1-h cycle, increasing from accumulation from the explicit snowfall in the RUC2 from the cloud microphysics, and decreasing from melting depending on an energy budget in the snow layer in the RUC2 model.
		Before the most buoyant level is determined, first an averaging of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio is done in the lowest 7 RUC native levels (about 40 mb).
		with theta the potential temperature, is very small, that is, when the lapse rate is close to being dry-adiabatic.
	maps.fsl.noaa.gov /vartxt.cgi (2969 words)

	ATOC 4710/5710 Homework 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Use the diagram to find the water vapor mixing ratio, the dewpoint, and the potential temperature of this air at the start of its journey over the mountains.
		(c) Find the temperature, the water vapor mixing ratio, the potential temperature, and the equivalent potential temperature when the air reaches the continental divide at 600 mb.
		(d) Check the validity of your graphical results by calculating the equivalent potential temperature for the initial parcel at 850 mb and the parcel at 600 mb.
	atoc.colorado.edu /~toohey/5710hw3.html (453 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Potential Temperature is the temperature of a quantity of air at a standard pressure-usually 1000 millibars.
		The temperature at this pressure would be its potential temperature.
		Equivalent Potential Temperature- the temperature of a parcel of air with all water vapor condensed by uplift and then returned to 1000 mb level.
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peake/3510/adiabatic.html (430 words)

	EarthStorm
		The height of the EL is the height at which thunderstorm updrafts no longer accelerate upward.
		- the temperature a parcel of air would have if a) it was lifted until it became saturated, b) all water vapor was condensed out, and c) it was returned adiabatically (i.e., without transfer of heat or mass) to a pressure of 1000 millibars.
		Theta-e, which typically is expressed in degrees Kelvin, is directly related to the amount of heat and moisture present in an air parcel.
	earthstorm.ocs.ou.edu /materials/e.php (523 words)

	Equivalent Potential Temperature at 850 hPa and Surface Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Equivalent Potential Temperature at 850 hPa and Surface Pressure
		The equivalent potential temperature is a function of temperature and specific moisture.
		Therefore, the weather fronts are clearly recognizable in this kind of charts due to the marked change in equivalent potential temperature.
	www.mpa-garching.mpg.de /~reinhard/meteo/temp850epchart.html (98 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Using in situ measurements from a "mobile mesonet" (a fleet of instrumented automobiles), we found that the RFDs of supercells that produce significant tornadoes generally are not as cold as the RFDs of supercells that are either nontornadic or produce only brief, weak vortices.
		Blue colors indicate virtual potential temperature fluctuations, gray indicates cloud, solid contours are tangential wind speed, and dashed contours enclose the rain shaft.
		Departures of virtual potential temperature from the ambient, near-storm environment are contoured in fl at 1-K intervals.
	met.psu.edu /~marko/research.html (2490 words)

	SOI and Saturated Equivalent Potential Temperature Based Forecast of Australian Region Tropical Cyclone Activity Using ...
		In physical terms, the EPT depends on the vertical temperature profile and is a measure of the potential for cumulonimbus convection from a lapse-rate stability viewpoint.
		As the 5-1 month lead gradient reflects the rate of change in the EPT prior to (and throughout) the tropical cyclone season, we do not use it for our pre-season seasonal forecast here.
		McDonnell, K. and N. Holbrook, 2004b: A Poisson regression model approach to predicting tropical cyclogenesis in the Australian/southwest Pacific Ocean region using the SOI and saturated equivalent potential temperature gradient as predictors.
	grads.iges.org /ellfb/Dec04/katrina/katrina.htm (1172 words)

	Temperature
		Najniæje jutranje temperature bodo od 3 do 9, najvi°je dnevne od 12 do 17 stopinj C. Napoved za sosednje pokrajine V krajih zahodno in juæno od nas bo preteæno oblaçno, drugod delno jasno...
		Wilson's Temperature Syndrome -- Hypothyroidism -- Hypothyroid -- Thyroid di...
		Color Temperature: a measure of the color appearance of a light source which helps describe the apparent "warmth" (reddish) or "coolness" (bluish) of that light source.
	www.merlmonitoring.com /temperature (683 words)

	Algorithms - Schlatter and Baker
		WOBF(T) tial Temperatures for two parcels of air at the same temperature - one saturated and the other completely dry 2.
		THE DRY ADIABAT IS GIVEN BY C POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE O (CELSIUS).
		OS IS THE EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL C TEMPERATURE OF THE PARCEL (CELSIUS).
	wahiduddin.net /calc/density_algorithms.htm (3735 words)

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