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Topic: Ergosphere

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	Rotating black hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The oval-shaped surface, touching the event horizon at the poles, is the outer boundary of the ergosphere.
		Within the ergosphere a particle is forced (dragging of space and time) to rotate and may gain energy at the cost of the rotational energy of the fl hole (Penrose-process).
		Particles falling within the ergosphere are forced to rotate faster and thereby gain energy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotating_black_hole (1016 words)

	Black hole
		Since the ergosphere is located outside the event horizon, objects can exist within the ergosphere without inevitably falling into the hole.
		However, because space-time itself is moving in the ergosphere, it is impossible for objects to remain in a fixed position.
		Objects grazing the ergosphere could in some circumstances be catapulted outwards at great speed, extracting energy (and angular momentum) from the hole, hence the name ergosphere because it is capable of doing work.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/black_hole (3485 words)

	Working for Nothing Corporate Lessons from Nonprofits
		Combining the root word with the all-encompassing “sphere” yields the “ergosphere.” This term was first used by the astrophysicist Robert Penrose in the early 1970s.
		The ergosphere encompasses three states: the act of focusing energy, and when and where this occurs.
		Work in the ergosphere advances the shared values of culture by transferring and transforming knowledge and know-how, between minds and from abstract to tangible form.
	www.galtglobalreview.com /business/gff_3.html (755 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Black Holes Work"
		Ergosphere - An egg-shaped region of distorted space around the event horizon (The distortion is caused by the spinning of the fl hole, which "drags" the space around it.)
		Artist concept of a fl hole and its surroundings: The flened circle is the event horizon and the egg-shaped region is the ergosphere.
		If an object passes into the ergosphere it can still be ejected from the fl hole by gaining energy from the hole's rotation.
	science.howstuffworks.com /black-hole2.htm (322 words)

	62qP3 - Results
		The ergosphere of a rotating fl hole is caused by the frame shifting which a massive body puts on the space surrounding it.
		The ergosphere is the nonspherical region of spacetime that is dragged around with the rotation of the fl hole.
		the ergosphere is the area surounding the spinning fl hole in which all inertial frames are caught up in the rotation by the frame dragging effects.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /Physics/quizzes/Astro62/1998/62qP3O.html (1332 words)

	Smeddum.net - General Essays: The Black Hole of Existence Part 1
		Within the ergosphere, nothing can escape being dragged along in co-rotation but, as long as it remains outside the outer event horizon, can still theoretically escape being dragged into the singularity.
		Beyond the ergosphere the gravitational field remains sufficiently strong to trap light (in co-rotating and counter-rotating photon spheres), gas and matter in mostly perpetual orbit.
		The ergosphere at its poles is virtually congruent with the outer event horizon, giving "mind" (the zone between event horizons) the most immediate and direct access to the reality that is least tainted by subjective self-reference.
	www.smeddum.net /articles/black_hole1.htm (3185 words)

	Kerr holes
		Near a rotating fl hole, frame dragging is so severe that there is a nonspherical region outside the event horizon called the ergosphere where any particle must move in the same direction that the fl hole rotates.
		The outer boundary of the ergosphere is called the static limit, so named because once inside this boundary a particle cannot possibly remain at rest there (i.e., be static) relative to the distant stars.
		Space-time within the ergosphere is rotating so rapidly that a particle would have to travel faster than the speed of light to remain at the same angular coordinate (e.g.
	www.astro.su.se /groups/head/sara/node11.html (567 words)

	Blue Planet Explorer - Black Hole: Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		If the fl hole carries angular momentum (inherited from a star that is spinning at the time of its collapse), it begins to drag space-time surrounding the event horizon in an effect known as frame-dragging.
		Since the ergosphere is located outside the event horizon, objects can exist within the ergosphere without falling into the hole.
		Objects grazing the ergosphere could in some circumstances be catapulted outwards at great speed, extracting energy (and angular momentum) from the hole, hence the name ergosphere ("sphere of work") because it is capable of doing work.
	www.blueplanetexplorer.com /world-knowledge/black-hole-3.html (1392 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		With magnetic field lines connecting plasma particles inside the ergosphere with remote loads, the frame dragging twists the field lines so that energy and angular momentum are extracted from the plasma particles.
		If the magnetic field is strong enough, the energy extracted from the particles can be so large that the particles have negative energy as they fall into the fl hole.
		The particles inside the ergosphere can be continuously replenished with accretion from a disk surrounding the fl hole, so a transition region with sufficient amount of plasma is formed between the fl hole's horizon and the inner edge of the disk.
	arc.cs.odu.edu:8080 /dp9/getrecord/nsdl_all/nsdl.org/oai:nsdl.org:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0007353 (575 words)

	Gothos: Jillian's Guide to Black Holes
		There's this ellipsoid (three dimensional oval) around the fl hole called the ergosphere (the dark purple area in the picture to the right), and it connects with the fl hole's outer event horizon at the poles of its axis of rotation.
		Stuff in the ergosphere starts moving with the rotation of the fl hole (it can't not move, that's the power of the ergosphere).
		So, the dust in the ergosphere moves faster than the stuff at the poles, which means it takes longer for it to cross the event horizon.
	www.gothosenterprises.com /black_holes/outside_black_holes.html (2080 words)

	What is it that actually happens once you do have a black hole
		The ergosphere is the fullest in the area where the accretion disc forms.
		At the two poles of the fl hole there is no ergosphere or it is too small and there is the outer event horizon.
		The dust in the ergosphere starts moving with the rotation of the fl hole and thus the dust in the ergosphere moves faster than that at the poles.
	www.faculty.iu-bremen.de /course/fall02/GeneralGeoAstro1/students/BlackHoles/AmruthaMehta.html (1379 words)

	Rotating Black Hole
		There is an additional zone called the ergosphere (from the Greek word ergon, meaning "work"), from within which it is theoretically possible to extract energy and matter from the fl hole.
		Effectively, the event horizon of a rotating fl hole is smaller than the event horizon of an otherwise identical but non-rotating one.
		In a rotating fl hole, the ergosphere is associated with the stationary limit, the location at which space-time is flowing at the speed of light, making stationary particles that would be travelling at the speed of light.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/ergosphere.htm (141 words)

	Reading Quiz #P3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Near a rotating fl hole, frame dragging is so severe that there is a non-spherical region outside the event horizon called the ergosphere where any particle must move in the same direction that the fl hole rotates.
		Spacetime within the ergosphere is rotating so rapidly that a particle would have to travel faster than the speed of light to remain at the same angular coordinate used by a distant observer.
		The outer boundary of the ergosphere is called the static limit, so named because once beyond this boundary a particle can remain at the same coordinate as the effect of frame dragging diminishes.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /Physics/quizzes/Astro62/1998/Answers/62qP3.html (245 words)

	Unit 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		At the equator of a rotating fl hole, the stationary limit boundary is the size of the (bigger) event horizon of a non-rotating fl hole.
		The region between the stationary limit and the event horizon of a rotating fl hole is called the ergosphere.
		Whether or not light can escape from the ergosphere depends on the direction in which it is traveling.
	www.phyast.pitt.edu /Resources/Education/classes/astro89/unit12.htm (1325 words)

	Black Holes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The region between these surfaces is known as the ergosphere.
		In the ergosphere, one could not resist being dragged around the fl hole.
		It is possible for a particle to escape from the ergosphere and extract energy from the fl holes.
	www.redshift.com /~vikweb/Black_Holes.html (821 words)

	About ESR's Articles
		This sphere is actually bigger than my original dual, since work may or may not be about exploring the noosphere; the ergosphere is indeed the sphere of services by excellence, to which applies the classical liberal theories of economy that justify free market.
		In practice, the distinction between noosphere and ergosphere is not important for the purposes of this paper.
		It is precisely because programming happens in the same ergosphere as all services that classical economics applies perfectly to it, and that there needs be nothing "magic" or irreducibly peculiar about the dynamics and ownership of programming projects, and about its associated "taboos".
	fare.tunes.org /articles/about_esr.html (8375 words)

	MSN Encarta - Black Hole
		If a body is electrically charged or rotating, Schwarzschild's results are modified.
		An “ergosphere” forms outside the event horizon, and between the ergosphere and the event horizon, matter is forced to rotate with the fl hole; in principle, energy can be emitted from the ergosphere.
		According to general relativity, gravitation severely modifies space and time near a fl hole.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558067/Black_Hole.html (1326 words)

	Chandra :: Resources :: Q&A: Black Holes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A "stationary limit" is a surface around the outside of a rotating fl hole.
		Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon (this is how the event horizon is defined and that's why they're called fl holes).
		An "ergosphere" is the region in between the event horizon and the stationary limit.
	chandra.harvard.edu /resources/faq/black_hole/bhole-76.html (127 words)

	Three Monkeys Every wave is made of tiny drops. Reflections on Stephen Hawking and the paradox of information loss.
		The gravitational field of these fl holes creates a region around them, called the ergosphere, where the energy of a particle may be negative as seen by a distant observer.
		This property may be counter-intuitive, but is explained by general relativity since the energy of a particle is relative to the observer and therefore different observers may measure a different energy for the same particle.
		A distant observer would propel a particle with an explosive device timed to explode once the particle was inside the ergosphere, splitting the particle into two fragments.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /threemon_printable.php?id=134 (1707 words)

	ABC Online Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Yeah...the ergosphere is between the outer horizon and the static limit.
		So as we approach the spinning hole from infinity, we meet (in order), outer infinite redshift surface, ergosphere, outer horizon, spacelike coordinates become timelike and metric non-static, inner horizon, timelike coordinate reverts, inner infinite redshift surface, disc singularity.
		You can't extract anything from inside the horizon, so the ergosphere can't be inside the horizon.
	www2b.abc.net.au /science/k2/stn/archives/archive50/newposts/308/topic308154.shtm (1467 words)

	Globetechnology: The Ergosphere
		The linguistic root of work — "focused effort aimed at productive purpose" — is found in the Greek "erg," energy or action, as in ergonomics and ergometrics.
		The intense energy field of the fl hole —; so extreme that it absorbs light, emits x-rays, and bends time — is a fitting metaphor for the all-encompassing energy applied every day in every kind of human activity.
		The recent addition of bathroom phones, radios, and net ports, as well as cellphones and monitors to the automobile market, are indicators of how far-ranging work has become.
	www.globetechnology.com /servlet/story/RTGAM.20040517.gtfuturemay17/BNStory/einsider (726 words)

	Black Hole Thermodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Let us remember that, once inside the ergosphere, nothing can stay still : it is dragged by the spinning of the fl hole.
		One result of this fact - the calculation is a bit laborious - is the existence of negative energies inside the ergosphere.
		If a particle enters the ergosphere and breaks apart into two new particles, one of the two particles is able to fall inside the fl hole with a negative energy.
	nrumiano.free.fr /Estars/bh_thermo.html (1237 words)

	Time Travel Portal :: View topic - Negative Phase Velocity & Negative Energy Densities
		By implementing the Kerr metric, it is demonstrated that regions of NPV propagation are concentrated at the equator of the ergosphere, while NPV propagation is less common towards the polar regions.
		Mapping of electromagnetic negative-phase-velocity propagation in the ergosphere of a rotating fl hole by Tom G. Mackay, Akhlesh Lakhtakia and Sandi Setiawan.
		A comparison of superradiance and negative-phase-velocity phenomenons in the ergosphere of a rotating fl hole by Sandi Setiawan, Tom G. Mackay and Akhlesh Lakhtakia.
	timetravelportal.com /viewtopic.php?t=1624 (718 words)

	Ergosphere and Penrose Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Penrose Process is an interesting phenomenon that can take place inside the ergosphere by taking advantage of the fact that time-like vectors outside becomes space-like inside, but yet matter can still emerge from within.
		Inside the ergosphere, it splits into two particales B and C. Particle B will plunge into the event horizon, whereas particle C emerges from the ergosphere and goes back to infinity.
		The Penrose Process seems like a possible energy source of the (distant) future, but since it requires a very large amount of internal energy to ``explode'' particle B, this process is not realistic astrophysically.
	www.physics.ubc.ca /~psih/kerr-metric/node6.html (181 words)

	Ergosphere Software - WebDev Projects
		Although primarily software developers Ergosphere Software are occasionally, time allowing, available for web-site development.
		If you would like to talk about the possibility of Ergosphere Software developing your site for you please feel free to contact us.
		MaxiView2000 are a company specializing in rare, autographed formula one memorabilia including caps, posters, clothing, grand prix programmes, personally signed by the past and present stars of formula one.
	www.ergosphere.co.uk /webdev.html (257 words)

	The Mysteries Behind Black Holes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The region where space is dragged around a fl hole is called ergosphere
		Ergosphere is where matters swirl and have a chance to escape from the fl hole.
		When you fall into a fl hole, you feel the tidal force effect along the length of your body.
	www.alumni.ca /~lijam/relativity.html (596 words)

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