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	Ernest Gruening - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ernest Henry Gruening (February 6, 1886–June 26, 1974) was an American journalist and Democratic politician who was Governor of Alaska Territory from 1939 to 1953, and a U.S. Senator from Alaska from 1959 to 1969.
		Gruening was appointed to the U.S. delegation to the 7th Inter-American Conference in 1933, Director of the Division of Territories and Island Possessions of the Department of the Interior, 1934-1939, Administrator of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction, 1935-1937, and a member of the Alaska International Highway Commission from 1938 to 1942.
		In 1939 Gruening was appointed Governor of the Territory of Alaska, and served in that position for fourteen years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ernest_Gruening (336 words)

	University Of Alaska, Stories
		Although Ernest Gruening graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1912 with an M.D. degree, he soon decided to direct his energies to bettering the lives of those in the United States and its territories who did not enjoy the full rights of citizenship.
		Beginning with his appointment as Governor of the Territory of Alaska in 1939 and continuing after his retirement in 1953, Gruening fought for statehood, for an expanded economic base, for protection and efficient utilization of resources, and for equality for Alaskan Natives.
		Always a strong supporter of the University of Alaska while serving as Governor of the Territory of Alaska, Gruening was awarded an honorary degree by the university in 1955 in recognition of that support.
	www.alaska.edu /opa/eInfo/index.xml?StoryID=66 (520 words)

	Ernest Gruening
		Gruening served as an adviser to the United States delegation to the Seventh Inter-American Conference, Montevideo, Chile, in 1933.
		Gruening was appointed Governor of Alaska by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939 and was reappointed twice, serving until 1953.
		Gruening is known as “the father of Alaska statehood” and was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on November 25, 1958, and upon admission of Alaska as a State into the Union on January 3, 1959, in the classification of Senators from that State.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Gruening.html (345 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Ernest H. Gruening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ERNEST GRUENING was defeated for reelection to the Senate last year by a 38-year-old moderate who claimed to stand "more in the main-stream" of American opinion on Vietnam.
		Gruening was the first Senator to attack the war in Vietnam, and to this day remains the only member of the Senate to have demanded a U.S. withdrawal.
		ERNEST H. GRUENING was born in New York City in 1887, the son of a wealthy doctor.
	www.thecrimson.harvard.edu /article.aspx?ref=213024 (1294 words)

	GRUENING, Ernest (1887-1974) Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		“Ernest Gruening and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Continuities in American Dissent.” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations 2 (1993): 111-135.
		Naske, Claus-M. “Ernest Gruening and Alaska Native Claims.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 82 (October 1991): 140-48.
		“Governor Ernest Gruening’s Struggle for Territorial Status—Personal or Political?” Journal of the West 20 (January 1981): 32-40.
	bioguide.congress.gov /scripts/bibdisplay.pl?index=g000508 (111 words)

	Ernest Gruening
		Born in New York City on February 6, 1886, Ernest Gruening graduated from Harvard in 1907 and from Harvard Medical School in 1912.
		In 1939 Ernest Gruening was appointed Governor of the Territory of Alaska and served for fourteen years.
		Pending statehood, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1958; with Alaska's admission to the Union in 1959, Gruening served in the Senate for 10 years.
	www.aoc.gov /cc/art/nsh/gruening.cfm (221 words)

	Harvard University Press/Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition
		Ernest Gruening is perhaps best known for his vehement fight against U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, where he set himself apart by casting one of two votes against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution in 1964.
		Gruening's outlook on domestic affairs took shape in the intellectual milieu of Progressive-era Boston, where he first devoted attention to foreign affairs in crusades against aggressive U.S. policies toward Haiti and Mexico.
		Throughout his life, Gruening struggled to reconcile his ideological perspective, which drew on dissenting ideas long embedded in American history, with a desire for political effectiveness.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/JOHERN.html (270 words)

	'Give us this chance' - Sanctuary
		Gruening's motives on the refugee plan were largely political, Johnson said in a recent interview.
		Gruening wrote of the dinner party in his journal: "The conclusion seemed to be that refugee problem could be solved only by defeating the Fascist forces which originated it.
		Ernest Gruening's unpublished diaries are available at the University of Alaska Fairbanks archives, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library.
	www.adn.com /adn/sanctuary/stories/T99051709.html (2907 words)

	Skattabrain: Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition (Harvard Historical Studies) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition (Harvard Historical Studies) by Robert David Johnson
		Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition, The Peace Progressives and American...
		Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition, was published by Harvard University Press in...
	www.skattabrain.com /css-books-plain/0674260600.html (601 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition - Robert David Johnson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gruening is best known as the liberal Democratic senator from Alaska who spoke out in 1964 against the U.S. intervention in Vietnam and voted with only one other senator against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
		Johnson studies Gruening's long career as a dissenter, which began in 1921 when he ardently opposed keeping American marines in Haiti.
		Johnson is sensitive to Gruening's principles but remains clear-eyed about both the policy issues and his subject's less likable traits.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19990701fabook1188/robert-david-johnson/ernest-gruening-and-the-american-dissenting-tradition.html?mode=print (217 words)

	Ernest Giles - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ernest Giles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ernest Giles - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ernest Giles.
		William Ernest Powell Giles (July 71835–November 201897), best known as Ernest Giles, was an Australian explorer who led three major expeditions in central Australia.
		Ernest Giles was born on July 7, 1835 in England.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ernest-Giles.html (344 words)

	The Nation, 07/20/1974 - Ernest Gruening
		...When historians in the years ahead finish their documented evaluations of the public service record of Ernest Gruening, he is certain to be ranked among the Ust of greatest champions of the nation's welfare ever to serve in the United States Senate...
		...Ernest Gruening was a very effective political evangelist in the cause of peace through enforceable Rules of International Law...
		...Gruening spent most of that time expressing her thanks and her gratitude and her joy that she had been permitted to share some sixty years with this remarkable man...
	www.nationarchive.com /Summaries/v219i0002_05.htm (2199 words)

	[No title]
		In 1938 Ernest Gruening, (one time territorial governor and later one of the first US Senators from Alaska) was working for the US Dept. of Interior and attempted to persuade the federal government to acquire the soon to close Copper River and Northwestern Railway and the Kennecott Copper Corporation’s real property in the Wrangell Mountains.
		Gruening envisioned the federal government operating both the facilities and the railway in order to provide visitation to this area of Alaska.
		Due to the war effort and depression Gruening was unable to pull his dream off.
	www.mccarthy-kennicott.com /CAM/page2.html (471 words)

	1958: Alaska’s Statehood Election
		He served variously as special assistant to Governor Ernest Gruening, secretary of Alaska (today’s lieutenant governor), delegate to Alaska’s Constitutional Convention, majority leader of the Territorial House of Representatives, executive assistant to Governor William A. Egan, and regional coordinator of the U.S. Department of Interior.
		Gruening had served as territorial governor for 13 years, from 1939 to 1952.
		Thus, Bob Bartlett, Ernest Gruening and Ralph Rivers went to Washington to represent Alaska as voting members in Congress.
	www.gov.state.ak.us /ltgov/elections/stathood.htm (1093 words)

	Alaska Office of Economic Development
		Ernest Gruening was territorial governor of Alaska in 1935-1953 and territorial senator in 1956-58.
		As governor, Gruening formed the Alaska Territorial Guard during WWII to alert the military of potential Japanese attacks from isolated areas like the Bering Sea.
		Gruening was an outspoken opponent of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
	www.dced.state.ak.us /oed/student_info/learn/famousalaskans.htm (974 words)

	Ernest Gruening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gruening's letters and memos reveal the challenges that he faced every day as an activist governor and senator.
		As a man of talent, ambition, and ego, Gruening met conflict head-on and gained the respect of Alaskans for his honesty and plain speech.
		The life of Ernest Gruening is a personal account of Alaska statehood, as well as a political odyssey through the twentieth century.
	www.uaf.edu /uapress/books/ErnestGruening.htm (327 words)

	The Historian: Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tra... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ernest Gruening is best known for providing one of the two Senate votes against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
		The principles motivating Gruening were varied: opposition to monopolies, support for the availability of birth control, anti-imperialism, and faith in public opinion.
		Gruening shrugged off the medical career planned for him by his father, a German immigrant and noted physician, instead embracing journalism.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:64910265&refid=ink_tptd_mag (581 words)

	review: Ernest Gruening by Claus-M. Naske (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Also available in a hardcover edition (1889963348, $49.95), Ernest Gruening: Alaska's Greatest Governor by Claus-M. Naske (Professor Emeritus of History, University of Alaska, Fairbanks) is the biography of the man whom President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed as the governmor of territorial Alaska in 1939.
		For twenty years, Gruening served his post and left an indissoluable mark upon the state's future.
		Unpublished archival materials flesh out the author's study of the Gruening's political career, including his struggle to stop discrimination against Alaska Natives and, when he was elected to the U.S. Senate, his efforts to oppose the Vietnam War.
	textual.net /books/review.cgi/11819 (112 words)

	Gerda Elizabeth Bell - 0908564007 - Charles M Oliver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition Harvard Historical Studies No 132.
		Ernest Hemingway A to Z The Essential Reference to the Life and Work.
		Ernest Hemingway A Documentary Volume Dictionary of Literary Biography V 210.
	www.howtowrite.net /137216ernest_dieffenbach_rebel_humanist.html (96 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Ernest Henry Gruening
		At about the same time, the physiology of the ductless glands was investigated by the British physiologist Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, who...
		Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874-1922), British explorer of Antarctica.
		Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry: map of polar exploration
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Ernest+Henry+Gruening (166 words)

	Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition:0674260600:Johnson, Robert David:eCampus.com
		Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition:0674260600:Johnson, Robert David:eCampus.com
		In the late 1920s, he was appointed editor of a reform newspaper in Portland, Maine, and moved from there to The Nation.
		In 1958 Alaskan voters elected him to the U.S. Senate, where he articulated a dissenting outlook in inter-American affairs, foreign aid policy, and the relationship between the federal government, the economy, and the issue of monopoly.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0674260600 (226 words)

	Gruening, Ernest Henry. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Gruening directed (1934–39) the territories and island possessions division of the U.S. Dept. of the Interior and headed (1935–37) the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.
		He was appointed governor of Alaska, lobbied for statehood, and became one of Alaska’s first U.S. Senators.
		See his autobiography, Many Battles (1973); S. Ross, Gruening of Alaska (1968).
	www.bartleby.com /65/gr/Gruening.html (222 words)

	Apr 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1964 Senator Gruening was one of only two U.S. Senators to vote against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (the other was Wayne Morse (Democrat; Oregon).
		Accordingly, Gruening was considered to be one of the early outspoken critics of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
		Also, the selection of Senator Gruening as keynote speaker for the event also says something about the latent political ideology of the campus at the time.
	www.eureka.edu /emp/jrodrig/otdieh/apr27.htm (342 words)

	Gruening Rights Fight Recalled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Long before civil rights confrontations of the last decade, Ernest Gruening fought for equality among people.
		And with the death of Alaska’s "grandfather figure" Wednesday, Native people are remembering what he did to ensure their human rights at a time when they were threatened.
		Gruening and representatives of the ANB met with proprietors of businesses where the signs were displayed while the problem worsened.
	www.alaskool.org /projects/ancsa/ARTICLES/ADN/Gruening_Rights_Fight.htm (464 words)

	Original Artwork: Mark Schuler: Ernest Gruening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although Gruening graduated from Harvard Medical School, he never practiced medicine, but instead became a journalist.
		The Roosevelt Administration realized Gruening's political talents and appointed him director of the Division of United States Territories.
		Gruening then served as one of the original Senators for Alaska.
	www.windriverstudios.com /EB5TCZ9F.htm (428 words)

	Ernest Gruening - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ernest Gruening - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 15:24, 22 Apr 2005.
		The article about Ernest Gruening contains information related to Ernest Gruening.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ernest_Gruening (354 words)

	Ernest Gruening Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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