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	Ernest O. Lawrence and the Cyclotron
		‘Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is the namesake and legacy of its founder, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention of the cyclotron,...
		Lawrence was also the legal inventor of the Calutron isotope separator - but he assigned the patent rights to the U.S. government for a fee of one dollar.
		Ernest Lawrence's Cyclotron: Invention for the Ages, LBNL
	www.osti.gov /accomplishments/lawrence.html (554 words)

	Ernest Lawrence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel Laureate best known for his invention, utilization, and improvement of the cyclotron beginning in 1929, and his later work in uranium-isotope separation in the Manhattan Project.
		In 1939, Lawrence was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the cyclotron and its applications.
		Lawrence is held to be one of the great usherers of the era of "Big Science" with its requirements for big machines and big money.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ernest_Lawrence (761 words)

	Nuclear Files: Library: Biographies: Ernest Orlando Lawrence
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born on 8 August, 1901 in Canton, South Dakota.
		Lawrence took the position of Associate Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1928 and became the school's youngest Professor in 1930.
		Lawrence was appointed to Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory in 1936 and was
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/library/biographies/bio_lawrence-ernest.htm (496 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Lawrence invents the cyclotron
		Ernest Rutherford had only recently shown that striking the atom of one element could make it emit electrons and turn into a different element.
		Lawrence joined the physics faculty of the University of California (Berkeley) in 1928 and got intrigued with this new physics.
		With a larger magnet, Lawrence's team was able to produce 80,000 electron volts in 1931, and later the same year, with a 25 cm cyclotron, 1 million electron volts.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp31cy.html (582 words)

	WNYC - Reading Room: Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, ...
		That summer, Lawrence and Livingston discovered the principle of magnetic focusing, using soft iron shims between the poles and the vacuum tank to compensate for variations in the magnetic field.
		Ernest`s first view of the New York City skyline had come from the roof of the Yale Club, where he was staying as Cooksey`s guest.
		Ernest introduced the presenter, usually asked the first question, and brought the proceedings to an abrupt close exactly ninety minutes later with the first ring of the campanile`s chimes, even if it meant interrupting the speaker in midsentence.
	www.wnyc.org /books/5171 (2662 words)

	Ernest O. Lawrence \| Biography \| atomicarchive.com
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born on August 8, 1901, in Canton, South Dakota.
		His brother, Dr. John Lawrence, who became Director of the University's Medical Physics Laboratory, collaborated with him in studying medical and biological applications of the cyclotron and himself became a consultant to the Institute of Cancer Research at Columbia.
		Both the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory were named in his honor.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Bios/Lawrence.shtml (501 words)

	Ernest O. Lawrence - Wikipedia
		Zusammen mit seinem Bruder John Lawrence, der Direktor des Labors für Medizinische Physik der Universität wurde, beschäftigte er sich auch mit den medizinischen und biologischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Zyklotrons und wurde Berater des Instituts für Krebsforschung in Columbia.
		Lawrence war während des Zweiten Weltkriegs maßgeblich an der Entwicklung der Atombombe beteiligt, nach dem Krieg setzte er sich für einen Atomteststopp ein und war Mitglied der US-Delegation auf der Konferenz in Genua 1958, die dieses Thema behandelte.
		Lawrence gilt als ein typischer und besonders begabter Experimentalphysiker.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ernest_Lawrence (401 words)

	Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Laboratory Founder
		"Ernest was born grown up." His mother said this so often that it became a family cliche, anticipated whenever Gunda Lawrence spoke of her eldest son.
		Lawrence invented the cyclotron, spawning a historic revolution in particle physics that revealed the basic building blocks of the universe.
		Lawrence joined the faculty at the University of California in Berkeley in 1928, intending to study photoelectricity.
	www.lbl.gov /LBL-PID/Ernest-Lawrence.html (641 words)

	The Rad Lab - Ernest Lawrence and the Cyclotron: AIP History Center Web Exhibit
		Lawrence did not remain satisfied with the million-volt protons provided by his eleven-inch cyclotron, but hoped to increase the energy by a factor of ten or more.
		The example encouraged Lawrence to promote similar applications of the cyclotron, such as the production of radioactive isotopes, which had medical uses in attacking cancers and as "tracers" in research on metabolism, and beams of neutrons, which promised to rival the utility of X-rays.
		In 1937 Lawrence brought his mother, diagnosed with inoperable cancer, to San Francisco for treatment with Sloan's X-ray tube, after which her condition dramatically improved.
	www.aip.org /history/lawrence/radlab.htm (850 words)

	Ernest Lawrence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An early champion of the electromagnetic method to enrich uranium Lawrence manufactured his calutrons —; specialized of mass spectrometers —; for the massive separation plants Oak Ridge Tennessee.
		In July 1958 President Eisenhower sent Lawrence to Geneva Switzerland to negotiate the suspension of nuclear testing with the Soviet Union.
		As the title of this edition indicates, Ernest Lawrence Thayer's "Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic, Sung in the Year 1888" is well over a century old.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence (998 words)

	Ernest Lawrence's Cyclotron
		Lawrence arrived at the University of California's Berkeley campus in the summer of 1928, having been wooed from a faculty position with Yale University by promises that included auxiliary connections to UC's Chemistry Department.
		Lawrence had been recruited to Berkeley as part of the University's determination to build a physics department equal in stature to its celebrated Chemistry Department.
		Lawrence died on Aug. 27, 1958, of chronic colitis at the age of 57.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/early-years.html (1383 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Ernest Lawrence
		A pair of Dee electrodes with loops of coolant pipes on their surface at the Lawrence Hall of Science.
		The history of science investigates the historical record of human events that are pertinent to the cultural context and the secular development of what is currently called science, namely, a body of empirical and theoretical knowledge, produced by a global community of researchers, making use of specific techniques for the...
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his invention of the cyclotron.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ernest-Lawrence (2216 words)

	The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award
		Lawrence was the inventor of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, and a 1939 Nobel Laureate in physics for that achievement.
		The Lawrence Award honors scientists and engineers, at mid- career, showing promise for the future, for exceptional contributions in research and development supporting the Department of Energy and its mission to advance the national, economic and energy security of the United States.
		Each Lawrence Award category winner receives a citation signed by the Secretary of Energy, a gold medal bearing the likeness of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, and $50,000; if there are co-winners in a category, the honorarium is shared equally.
	www.er.doe.gov /lawrence (277 words)

	Thayer, Ernest Lawrence - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Thayer, Ernest Lawrence
		As ‘Casey at the Bat’ (its widely known title) increased in popularity, many tried to claim authorship (and many ballplayers claimed to have been the original Casey), but Thayer is recognized as the true author.
		At Harvard he was regarded as a brilliant philosophy student of William James; he also contributed to the annual Hasty Pudding plays and was an editor of the Harvard Lampoon.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Thayer,%20Ernest%20Lawrence (319 words)

	Ernest Lawrence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The first model of Lawrence's cyclotron was made out of wire and wax and probably cost $25 in all.
		Around this device Lawrence built up Radiation Laboratory which would become one of the laboratories for physics research.
		Lawrence is to be one of the great usherers the era of "Big Science" with its for big machines and big money.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ernest_Lawrence (998 words)

	Ernest Orlando Lawrence
		Lawrence then set out to build a second cyclotron; when completed, it accelerated protons to 1,200,000 eV, enough energy to cause nuclear disintegration.
		To continue the program, Lawrence built the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley in 1936 and was made its director.
		One of Lawrence's cyclotrons produced technetium, the first element that does not occur in nature to be made artificially.
	www.nobel-winners.com /Physics/ernest_orlando_lawrence.html (413 words)

	Ernest Lawrence - Biography
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born on 8th August, 1901, at Canton, South Dakota (United States).
		His parents, Carl Gustavus and Gunda (née Jacobson) Lawrence, were the children of Norwegian immigrants, his father being a Superintendant of Schools.
		Lawrence married Mary Kimberly Blumer, daughter of the Emeritus Dean at Yale Medical School, in May 1932.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/lawrence-bio.html (643 words)

	Oral Histories: Dr. John W. Gofman, M.D., Ph.D., Section 10 of 37 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ernest Lawrence sticks his head in the door, and said, "I'd like to see that optical system in the ultracentrifuge." We went back, took off the cover, took off all the housing, and went through it from beginning to end.
		Ernest said, "Wally, John needs another ultracentrifuge." Wally said, "It's not [in] the budget; you don't have the funds for it." Ernest said again, "John needs another ultracentrifuge, Wally.
		Ernest Lawrence, if he thought you were sincere and were doing worthwhile work, it didn't matter whether it was high-energy physics, low-energy physics, or medicine.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/CNR/OHofJWGforDOE/OHofJWG10.html (545 words)

	Written Voices Radio
		With the intuitive understanding that was always his greatest strength, Lawrence instantly recognized that if the particles could be confined to a circle rather than a straight line, and kept focused by a magnet while electrical impulses accelerated them -- alternately pulling and pushing -- there might be no limit to the energies obtained.
		Attached to a kitchen chair by a clothes hanger, it was a sensation among the scientists assembled.
		Ernest's strict Lutheran upbringing meant that frustrations and set-backs at the cyclotron seldom provoked expletives stronger than "Fudge!" or "Oh, Sugar!" But Lawrence, for all his Scandinavian stolidness, had a quick and livid temper.
	www.writtenvoices.com /titlepageexcerpt.asp?ISBN=0805065881 (1969 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Ernest Lawrence Thayer
		He moved to Santa Barbara in 1912, where he married Rosalind Buel Hammett and retired.
		Thayer's recitation of it at a Harvard class reunion in 1895 may seem trivial except that it helps solve the mystery, which lingered into the 20th century, of who had written it.
		Thayer was born in Lawrence,_Massachusetts and raised in Worcester.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ernest-Lawrence-Thayer (668 words)

	Ernest lawrence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Start the Ernest lawrence article or add a request for it.
		Look for Ernest lawrence in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Ernest lawrence in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ernest_lawrence (135 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		At that time, particle accelerators---devices used to shoot electrons, charged protons or ions at atomic nuclei---were linear: that is, the particles were shot at the target by a burst of static electricity along a straight path.
		Lawrence and others realized that they could give the particles muchgreater speed within a smaller space if they could build momentum by whirling them in a spiral before releasing them.
		Lawrence himself pioneered the use of radiation to combat cancer (he successfully treated hyperthyroid), and paved the way for the isolation of Uranium-235 (which allowed the U.S. to create the atomic bomb).
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/Lawrence.html (233 words)

	LHS \| About \| Ernest Orlando Lawrence
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) invented the prototype of the cyclotron in 1930, barely 2 years after arriving at the University of California.
		He went on to build one of the world's greatest scientific laboratories on the Berkeley campus, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
		Following his untimely death, the University sought to establish the Lawrence Hall of Science as a living memorial to his genius.
	www.lhs.berkeley.edu /Lawrence (96 words)

	Poet: Ernest Lawrence Thayer - All poems of Ernest Lawrence Thayer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Poet: Ernest Lawrence Thayer - All poems of Ernest Lawrence Thayer
		Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and raised in Worcester, Thayer graduated magna cum laude from Harvard in philosophy in 1885 after editing the Harvard Lampoon.
		Ernest Lawrence Thayer (1863–1940) – Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Thayer studied philosophy at Harvard, where he also served as and editor for the...
	www.poemhunter.com /ernest-lawrence-thayer/poet-6885 (336 words)

	ipedia.com: Ernest Lawrence Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his invention of the cyclotron.
		Born in Canton, South Dakota, Lawrence attended Saint Olaf College in Minnesota, but...
		Born in Canton, South Dakota, Lawrence attended Saint Olaf College in Minnesota, but transferred to the University of South Dakota after his first year.
	www.ipedia.com /ernest_lawrence.html (667 words)

	[minstrels] Casey At The Bat -- Ernest Lawrence Thayer
		For the full story behind the writing of the poem, see Biography and Appraisal: Born August 14, 1863 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Ernest Thayer was the son of a prosperous mill owner.
		Ernest graduated magna cum laude with a major in philosophy in 1885.
		After college, and typical of the sons of the well-to-do, Ernest went abroad and settled for a time in Paris.
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/90.html (1695 words)

	LHS \| About \| Ernest Orlando Lawrence
		Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) invented the prototype of the cyclotron in 1930, barely 2 years after arriving at the University of California.
		He went on to build one of the world's greatest scientific laboratories on the Berkeley campus, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
		Following his untimely death, the University sought to establish the Lawrence Hall of Science as a living memorial to his genius.
	www.lawrencehallofscience.org /Lawrence (96 words)

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