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Topic: Ernst Abbe

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	Abbe biography
		Abbe studied at the University of Jena and the University of Göttingen, receiving his doctorate from Göttingen in 1861 with a dissertation on thermodynamics.
		Abbe was appointed professor of physics and mathematics at Jena in 1870 and, in 1878, he was appointed director of the astronomical observatory at Jena and of the meteorological observatory at Jena.
		Other optical advances which Abbe made include a clearer theoretical understanding of limits to magnification and the discovery the Abbe sine condition, as it is called today, which gives conditions on a lens for it to form a sharp image, without the defects of coma and spherical aberration.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /Biographies/Abbe.html (662 words)

	Ernst Karl Abbe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ernst Karl Abbe (January 23, 1840 in Eisenach – January 14, 1905 in Jena), was a German physicist.
		Abbe is best known for his work in optics.
		The Abbe crater on the Moon was named in his honour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ernst_Abbe (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ernst Carl Abbe was born in Eisenach, Germany, on the 23.
		Abbe died on the 14 January 1905 in Jena.
		Minor Planet (5224) Abbe is named in his honor as well as a crater on the far side of the Moon.
	www.plicht.de /chris/files/a/abbeernstcarl.htm (92 words)

	All About Abbe
		Ernst Abbe was born in 1840 in the town of
		Abbe and his partners were able to correct this problem with a new type of glass that incorporated fluorite.[3] Abbe introduced the apochromat in the Zeiss catalog by arguing with facts instead of the huge amount of calculations that went into its development.
		The internal scales are designed with this equation and are usually calibrated to use the sodium D wavelength of light as the source.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~sborota (1096 words)

	Welcome to NEAT
		Named after Ernst Abbé, a noted optical designer, it refers to a linear error caused by the combination of an underlying angular error (typically in the ways which define the motion) and a dimensional offset between the object being measured and the accuracy determining element (typically a leadscrew or encoder).
		In the example shown in Figure 6, Abbé error could be lessened by moving the encoder to the left side of the stage.
		Virtual elimination of Abbé error could be achieved by using a laser interferometer and mounting the moving retroreflector on the probe assembly.
	www.neat.com /techinfo/abbe.asp (944 words)

	Ernst Abbe Biography \| World of Mathematics
		Abbe remained in his teaching and directorship positions at the University, and used his combined resources to develop major advances in optical science.
		Among Abbe's contributions to optical theory were the discovery of the optical formula known as the Abbe sine condition, which uses mathematics to define the optical characteristics a lens must have to form a clear image.
		Abbe also instituted a number of progressive human resource policies, including sick pay, profit sharing, and eight hour work days, that were almost unheard of at the time.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ernst-abbe-wom (297 words)

	Abbe, Ernst - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He made his plant a laboratory for the development of model working conditions, created a noncontributory pension fund and a discharge compensation fund, and introduced other advanced ideas that have been influential in shaping thought on the conditions of labor.
		He invented the Abbe refractometer for determining the refractive index of substances and improved photographic and microscopic lenses.
		Ernst Abbe, 94, dies; was University of Minnesota botany professor.(NEWS)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-abbe-ern.html (276 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ernst, Max (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ernst, Max ERNST, MAX [Ernst, Max] 1891-1976, German painter.
		Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von WEBER, CARL MARIA FRIEDRICH ERNST VON [Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von], 1786-1826, German composer and pianist; pupil of Michael Haydn and Abbé Vogler.
		Rationalization and natural law: Max Weber's and Ernst Troeltsch's interpretation of the medieval doctrine of natural law.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/04199.html (692 words)

	Ernst Abbe Biography \| World of Invention
		Ernst Abbe was probably the first optical engineer, designing and perfecting methods for manufacturing microscopes and lens systems of very high quality.
		Abbe was hired as a consultant to mathematically design lenses of unrivaled excellence.
		Abbe's work on theoretical optics earned him international notoriety, and he was offered a position at the more prestigious University of Berlin (a position he declined in order to continue his research at Zeiss).
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ernst-abbe-woi (432 words)

	Contax cameras - Introduction
		Ernst Karl Abbe was born January 23, 1840 in Eisenach, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
		Ernst Abbe was a man of varied interests and one of those interests was the social improvement cause.
		Abbe deduced the reason why definition was reduced with the reduction of aperture size of a lens.
	www.mir.com.my /rb/photography/htmls/contax_history/history1.htm (1286 words)

	Glossary Terms: A
		His inventions include the apochromatic objective, the compensating ocular, the Abbe condenser, a well corrected oil-immersion achromatic condenser, the immersion objective, Abbe apertometer, Abbe refractometer, and the drawing camera; he evolved the Abbe theory of resolution and microscope imagery, the numerical aperture formula, and other optical theories.
		According to Abbe, a detail with a particular spacing in the specimen is resolved when the NA of the objective lens is large enough to capture the first-order diffraction pattern produced by the detail at the wavelength employed.
		Abbe's theory is based on the fact that a non-self-luminous particle, which is illuminated by an extraneous source, gives rise to diffracted light rays, in addition to the dioptric pencil.
	www.charfac.umn.edu /glossary/a.html (2550 words)

	Ernst Abbe
		Ernst Abbe worked with Carl Zeiss producing optical instruments.
		In 1879 Abbe met Otto Schott who was able to develop borate and phosphate glass; these have very different properties from crown and flint glass and allowed Abbe to produce an apochromatic oil immersion objective lens.
		In 1888 Ernst Abbe became the owner of the Zeiss concern.
	www.sambal.co.uk /scientists/abbe.htm (245 words)

	Definitions
		Ernst Abbe's specification for the limit of resolution of a diffraction-limited micro-scope.
		Bright field condensers are of four distinct types: (a) Abbe condenser, an uncorrected condenser composed of two separable lenses; (b) aplanatic condenser; (c) achromatic condenser which has full corrections for color and spherical aberrations; (d) aplanatic achromatic condenser.
		Abbe showed that it is diffraction at the minute edges of the specimen that limits observable detail with the microscope.
	www.nationalmicroscope.com /definitions.html (10287 words)

	Ernst Abbe's Scientific Management: Insights from a 19th Century Dynamic Capabilities Approach
		Abbe's management principles as well as the social philosophy underlying them are accessible to present-day theorists because he laid them down both in the statutes of a foundation he founded and in an extensive commentary on the statutes.
		Abbe develops an early account for managing a science-based firm and securing its long-term competitiveness, giving detailed prescriptions with regard to the kind and scope of firm activities, its organizational setup, and its labor relations.
		Abbe's management principles exhibit striking parallels to important contemporary theories of organization such as the Resource-Based Theory of the Firm and the related Dynamic Capabilities Theory of the Firm, and are even today able to indicate issues that warrant further theoretical elaboration.
	ideas.repec.org /p/esi/evopap/2003-12.html (384 words)

	[No title]
		Ernst Cleveland Abbe was born on August 21, 1905 in Washington, D.C. He earned his B.S. in 1928 and an M.S. in 1930 from Cornell University.
		Abbe was a renowned scholar in the fields of morphology, cytology, genetics and phytogeography.
		Abbe, and his wife Lucy, a professor of biology at Macalester College, completed many research expeditions, including the North Shore of Minnesota, Hudson Bay, Borneo, Malaysia and Southeast Asia.
	special.lib.umn.edu /findaid/xml/uarc00070.xml (297 words)

	Summary of April 2000 Meeting of the New England Botanical Club
		Abbe and his wife, Dr. Lucy Boothroyd Abbe served many institutions of science and education throughout their long careers.
		Ernst Abbe was one of the centuries most accomplished botanists, studying aspects of anatomy and morphology of the plants of Minnesota as well as subarctic North America and Southeast Asia.
		Born in Washington, DC in 1905, Ernst Abbe attended Cornell University (BS 1928, MS 1930) and Harvard University (Ph.D. 1934), before joining the faculty of the University of Minnesota (1935-74).
	www.rhodora.org /Summaries/2000/Apr00sum.html (873 words)

	New law for resolution allows unprecedented sharpness in fluorescence microscopy
		Max Planck researchers have succeeded in overcoming the law postulated by Ernst Abbe in 1873 for diffraction limited resolution in light microscopes.
		As early as 1873, Ernst Abbe recognized that this fact imposes an absolute limit on resolution in microscopy.
		Abbe, whose 100th year death anniversary was in February, captured this limit in a formula (Fig.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-06/m-nlf060205.php (649 words)

	The Evolution of the Abbé Refractometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The same specifications are given for the Carl Zeiss Abbe, the Bausch and Lomb Abbe 3-L, and the American Optical Digital Abbe refractometers in 1981.
		The subsequent evolution of the Abbe refractometer involves modifications to increase the convenience, ease-of-use, and/or stability of the instrument, and, later, development of instruments for operators as opposed to professional users.
		The Abbe 56 is illustrated in both the 1950 catalogs of Adolf Frese and Cenco.
	humboldt.edu /~scimus/Essays/EvolAbbeRef/EvolAbbeRef.htm (2437 words)

	Ernst Karl Abbe
		Ernst Karl Abbe (January 23, 1840 in Eisenach –; January 14, 1905 in Jena), was a German physicist.
		Abbe is best known for his work in optics including designing the first refractometer.
		The eight-hour workday would not be widely emulated in the United States until its use in the next century by the Ford Motor Company 1914, although it was proclaimed in 1884.
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/ErnstAbbe.html (131 words)

	Abbe Family Crest
		In the middle ages, this was the title held usually by the leading family of the village.
		In continental Europe, the most ancient recorded family crest was discovered upon the monumental effigy of a Count of Wasserburg in the church of St. Emeran, at Ratisobon, Germany...
		In the Abbe coat of arms as in all coat of arms the crest is only one element of the full armorial achievement.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.fc/qx/abbe-family-crest.htm?a=54323-224 (605 words)

	Abbe genealogy and family history
		Included is a general family name cluster of information from external databases.
		We are developing a system for the public to suggest specific resources for Abbe and other names, to complement the more general data for Abbe family search.
		Either we experienced a bad connection to the database, or there may be no matching data found.
	www.peoplearchive.org /peep.php?ln=abbe (103 words)

	ABBE ERROR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An error in measuring a feature's spatial dimension (such as diameter or length) or linear displacement which results from a changing angular orientation between object and measurement reference component of the instrument.
		This effect is observed when the measured feature or reference point of motion does not lie along the same line of the measurement reference.
		The spatial separation between measured point and reference line is known as the Abbé offset.
	personal.uncc.edu /jamiller/terms/ABBE_ERROR.htm (97 words)

	Zeiss Ikon Contax Cameras, Lenses and Photography
		Zeiss eventually partnered with one of the finest minds in optical theory, mathematician Dr. Ernst Abbe who subsequently recruited one of the finest minds in optical glass, chemist Dr. Otto Schott.
		Abbe and Schott pioneered optical theory and optical glass chemistry.
		Eventually the holdings of Abbe and later Schott were added to the Carl Zeiss Foundation.
	johnlind.tripod.com /zi/zeissikontext.html (4634 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ernst Abbe (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Ernst Abbe (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ernst Abbe[ernst A´bu] Pronunciation Key, 1840–1905, German physicist.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Ernst Abbe
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Abbe-Ern.html (218 words)

	ABBE OFFSET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The distance between the desired point of measurement and the reference line of the measuring system.
		Results in an Abbé error in linear measurement if there is an associated changing angular orientation between points of measurement.
		The magnitude of the measurement error equals the Abbé Offset times the sine of the angle change.
	personal.uncc.edu /jamiller/terms/ABBE_OFFSET.htm (62 words)

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