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Topic: Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

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	Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		His Grand Ducal Highness Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl, was born at Darmstadt, the son of Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809-20 March 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815-21 March 1855).
		Grand Duke Ludwig IV died on 13 March 1892 and was succeeded by his son, Ernst Ludwig.
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, 1837 births, 1892 deaths, German nobility and Knights of the Garter.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Louis_IV_of_Hesse (693 words)

	I45087: Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE (25 Nov 1868 - 9 Oct 1937)
		I45087: Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE (25 Nov 1868 - 9 Oct 1937)
		_Wilhelmine Princess of BADEN _____________________ _Ludwig IV Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE _
		--Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE
	gbnf.com /genealog3/maclaren/html/d0017/I45087.HTM (177 words)

	Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludwig IV (Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl) (12 September 1837 - 13 March 1892), was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death.
		His parents were Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809-20 March 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815-21 March 1855).
		her father's cousin The Grand Duke Sergei of Russia (11 May 1857-17 February 1905), the fifth son of Tsar Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, nee Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, and had no issue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludwig_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine (685 words)

	Station Information - Hesse-Darmstadt
		At the Congress of Vienna, the Grand Duke was forced to cede Westphalia to Prussia, in exchange for which he received a piece of territory on the Left Bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz.
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main remained outside.
		The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Free State of Hesse.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/h/he/hesse_darmstadt.html (379 words)

	Prince Andrew of Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (January 20, 1882 - December 3, 1944), of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was the son of George I (1845-1913), King of the Hellenes, and of Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinova (1851-1926) of Russia.
		Married George Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (son of Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine).
		Philip (born 1921), later Duke of Edinburgh and husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prince_Andrew_of_Greece (398 words)

	Encyclopedia: Anna Anderson
		Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna (1901-1918) Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia (Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova, in Russian: Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐšÐ½ÑÐ¶Ð½Ð° ÐÐ½Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°ÐµÐ²Ð½Ð°) (June 18, 1901 â€“; July 17, 1918) was the youngest daughter of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia and Empress Alexandra.
		Princess Alix of Hesse, as Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (1872-1918) Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice, 6 June 1872 - 17 July 1918), was the consort of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar of Russia.
		The mitochondrial DNA of the bodies presumed to be those of Alexandra and three of her daughters were compared to those of the Duke of Edinburgh, whose maternal grandmother Princess Victoria of Hesse and the Rhine was a sister of Alexandra.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Anna-Anderson (688 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Marie Alexandrovna Romanov
		Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (17 October 1853 - 24 October 1920) was the daughter of the Russian tsar who became the wife of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		Her Imperial Highness The Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna was born at Tsarskoye Selo, Russia, the only daughter of Alexander II, Tsar and Autocrat of All the Russias (who was assassinated in 1881) and his wife, the Empress Marie Alexandrovna, the daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by the Rhine.
		Her brother, the Grand Duke Serge, was assassinated in Moscow in 1905, and another brother, the Grand Duke Paul, was shot in Petrograd in 1919.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4207.htm (804 words)

	boys clothing: German royalty--Hesse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine abdicated on November 9, 1918.
		Hesse was estanlished as a separate landgraviate in 1247 by Duchess Sophia, niece of the Thuringian ruler, Henry Raspe.
		Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig (Ernst-Louis) of Hesse and by Rhine abdicated on November 9, 1918.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/gers/royal-hesse.htm (787 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards until c.1903 (Hesse, Germany)
		Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard of the grand duke with a ratio of almost exactly 7:10, while the standard for other members of the grand ducal family and the state flag and ensign are shown as 4:5.
		797 (inv 1892) Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine [Hesse-Darmstadt] (1868-1937).
	www.1uptravel.com /flag/flags/de-he^d1.html (560 words)

	ipedia.com: Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, K.G., the ruler of the small German grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, was the husband of Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, the second daughter of...
		On 1 July 1862 at Osbourne House on the Isle of Wight, Prince Ludwig married Her Royal Highness the Princess Alice, the second daughter of Queen Victoria.
		her cousin HIH The Grand Duke Sergei of Russia (11 May 1857-17 February 1905, the fifth son of Tsar Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, nee Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, and had no issue.
	www.ipedia.com /ludwig_iv__grand_duke_of_hesse_and_by_rhine.html (679 words)

	Buells and their Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ludwig Duke of Wurttemberg was born in 1756.
		Ludwig II Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine was born in 1777.
		Prince Ludwig of Prussia was born in 1773.
	www.familyorigins.com /users/b/u/e/Matthew-J-Buell/FAMO2-0001/d84.htm (798 words)

	The Buells and Their Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She was married to Arthur William Patrick WINDSOR Duke of Connaught and Strathearn on 13 Mar 1879 in St. George Chapel, Windsor, England.
		Louise of Savoy Duchess of Angouleme and Anjou was born in 1476.
		She was married to Friedrich Franz I Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
	www.familyorigins.com /users/b/u/e/Matthew-J-Buell/FAMO1-0001/d81.htm (826 words)

	Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh (born 6 August 1844 and died 30 July 1900), was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		His sponsors were his maternal great-uncle, the Duke of Cambridge (represented by his son, Prince George of Cambridge); his paternal aunt, Alexandrine, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (represented by his maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Kent); and Queen Victoria's half-brother, Prince Carl of Leiningen (represented by the Duke of Wellington).
		He was succeeded as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by his nephew, Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, the posthumous son of his youngest brother, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Alfred_Ernest_Albert (1603 words)

	Hesse-Darmstadt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Grand Duchy changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Rhine in 1816.
		Grand Dukes of Hesse (and the Rhine) 1806-1918
		Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Dukes of Hesse (and the Rhine) 1806-1918, German nobility, Hesse, States of the Holy Roman Empire and Former countries in Europe.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hesse-Darmstadt (435 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Muenster
		In alliance with Philip of Hesse, he began (28 February, 1534) a siege of the city in which John of Leyden, as king of the New Zion, had established a reign of terror.
		In 1808 the city was assigned to the Grand Duchy of Berg, in 1810 to Holland, and in 1811 to France, as capital of the Department of Lippe.
		With the overthrow of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, the last obstacle in the way of the complete sovereignty of the bishops was removed, and Hermann appears as a great feudatory of the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10634b.htm (5065 words)

	The Evil Monk: The life and times of Gregory Efimovich Rasputin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The misfortune of her children was also extended to the imperial couple's youngest daughter, the Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, who was forced to marry Duke Peter of Oldenburg, a minor German princeling whose family had settled in Russia and who was notoriously known as one of the most scandalous members of St. Petersburg society.
		The leadership of the Russian military forces was given to the Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaievich, a cousin of the Tsar and the husband of Grand Duchess Anastasia, the woman responsible for sponsoring Rasputin.
		The Grand Duke Nicholas' reactions towards Rasputin exemplified the high level of frustration felt by the Romanov family concerning the relationship of Nicholas and Alexandra and the hated monk.
	www.eurohistory.com /Rasputin.html (3718 words)

	DUKE ALFRED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh (6 August 1844- 30 July 1900), was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		On 23 January 1874, the Duke of Edinburgh married Her Imperial Highness The Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna, the only daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and his wife, Marie Alexandrovna, daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, at the Winter Palace, St. Petersburg.
		He was succeeded as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by his nephew, Prince Charles Edward, 2nd Duke of Albany, the posthumous son of his youngest brother, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/DUKE+ALFRED (1221 words)

	boys clothing : European royalty -- German states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is bownded on the north by Bavaria and Hesse; on the west by the Rhine which separates it from the Palatine and Alsace in France; on the south by Switzerland; and the east by Wurtenburg.
		Berthod, a duke of Carinthia, in the 11th Century, built a castle at Zahringen in Breisgau, and a descendent of his second son took the title of Margrave of Baden to which the House of Baden traces his ancestry.
		Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Altenburg was ousted on November 12, 1918.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/gers/royal-gergen.htm (4804 words)

	Hesse Darmstadt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1806, upon the dissolution of the Reich and the dispossession of his cousin, the Elector of Hesse-Kassel,the Landgrave took the title of Grand Duke of Hesse.
		At the Congress of Vienna, the Grand Duke was forced to cedeWestphalia to Prussia, in exchange for which he received a piece of territory on theLeft Bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz.
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main remainedoutside.
	www.therfcc.org /hesse-darmstadt-134502.html (372 words)

	Rulers of Hesse - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th Century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity.
		Electoral Hesse was annexed by Prussia in 1866 after the Six Weeks War, but Grand Ducal Hesse lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.
		In 1968 the House of Hesse and the Rhine became extinct.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Rulers_of_Hesse (265 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine b.
		Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (formerly Ludwig X, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt when succeeded his father in 1790; assumed title of Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806; assumed title of Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine in 1816) b.
		William Henry Bentinck (later Cavendish-Bentinck), 3rd Duke of Portland (First Lord of the Treasury (that is, Prime Minister) April-December 1783 and March 1807-October 1809; by Royal licence in 1801, he formalized his use of the surname of Cavendish-Bentinck, which surname he had assumed as early as 1755, CP X:594) b.
	www.dms489.com /Concepts_book/OO/william.txt (3089 words)

	Daughters of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Daughters of Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1837-1892)
		Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1777-1848)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/ahnenreihe/HesseSisters.htm (160 words)

	Queen Victoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Victoria was born on May 24, 1819 to Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent (fourth son of King George III) andPrincess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg, sister of King Leopold I of the Belgians and widow of Emich, 2nd Prince ofLeiningen.
		The Duke of Kent, marrying at the age50, became the father of the ultimate heiress.
		According to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Victoria as a young girl caught hermother in a compromising position with John Conroy.
	www.therfcc.org /queen-victoria-25712.html (1727 words)

	I45385: Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and by RHINE (20 Nov 1908 - 30 May 1968)
		_Karl Wilhelm LUDWIG ________________+ _Ludwig IV Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE _
		_Elisabeth Princes of PRUSSIA _______+ _Ernst Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and the RHINE _
		--Ludwig Grand Duke of Hesse and by RHINE
	gbnf.com /genealog3/maclaren/html/d0040/I45385.HTM (138 words)

	Germany
		The Rhine River runs through W Germany and, between Bingen and Bonn, flows through a steep gorge, famous for its scenery, vineyards, and castles.
		A.D.) to the region E of the Rhine and N of the Danube.
		Conrad's reign was spent in struggles against the Magyars and against the rebellious dukes, one of whom (Henry the Fowler of Saxony) succeeded him in 918 as Henry I, beginning a century of Saxon rule.
	www.question.com /link/Germany.html (7572 words)

	Fall of the Eagles: Collaspe of European Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On November 8, King Ludwig III of Bavaria was ousted by a socialist revolution in Munich.
		Wilhelm's abdication was followed by those of Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine and Grand Duke Wilhelm-Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
		Carl-Edward was born prince of Great Britain, Duke of Albany, and was the posthumous son of Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, Duke of Albany.
	www.eurohistory.com /Falleagles.html (1380 words)

	Contemporary Review: Darmstadt Celebrates 100 Years Of Art Nouveau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the summer of 1899, Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse invited seven carefully selected artists from all over Germany and Austria to Darmstadt, with the aim of starting an 'artists' colony' on top of the Mathildenhohe which he owned.
		The Grand Duke saw culture as one of the few opportunities he had to express the individuality of a city then numbering only 30,000 inhabitants.
		Hence, whilst all of Ernst Ludwig's artistic and economic plans had been realised, his vision of a harmonic community of artists feeding off mutual inspiration had remained an illusion.
	www.findarticles.com /m2242/1614_277/64994712/p1/article.jhtml (1293 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10073
		She was the daughter of Ludwig IV Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein and Alice Maud Mary Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess of the United Kingdom.
		Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein was born on 25 November 1868 in Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany.
		He was the son of Ludwig IV Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein and Alice Maud Mary Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess of the United Kingdom.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10073.htm (1952 words)

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