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Topic: Error correcting code

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	Error Correcting Code (ECC)
		There are several different types of error correcting codes that have been invented over the years, but the type commonly used on PCs is the Reed-Solomon algorithm, named for researchers Irving Reed and Gustave Solomon, who first discovered the general technique that the algorithm employs.
		Reed-Solomon codes are widely used for error detection and correction in various computing and communications media, including magnetic storage, optical storage, high-speed modems, and data transmission channels.
		Errors that can be corrected using the redundant information are corrected before passing the data to the rest of the system.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/hdd/geom/errorECC-c.html (0 words)

	Error detection/correction and fault detection/recovery inventions new
		Each ECC block is constituted by a BCA content code of 1 byte, content data length of 1 byte, and content data of 14 bytes.
		The digital broadcasting transmission apparatus includes a robust processor that codes a robust stream of a dual transport stream where a normal stream and the robust stream are combined.
		ECC hardware circuitry provides detection, correction and generation of ECC data bits in conjunction with memory data read and writes.
	www.freshpatents.com /Error-detection-correction-and-fault-detection-recovery-dtnewntc714.php (4252 words)

	Method and apparatus for decoding error correcting code - Patent 4890286
		An error correcting code decoding apparatus in accordance with claim 3, further comprising means for detecting a case such that only said syndrome S.sub.1 (X) outputted from said first syndrome calculating means is zero to generate prescribed zero data and for supplying the same to said comparing means.
		Primary error correction is performed upon coincidence of the syndromes, while predetermined processing is made with a judgement on a secondary error or an error of higher degree upon non-coincidence.
		Since the minimum distance of codes d of the generator polynominal G(X) is equal to 5, the syndrome S.sub.2 (X) may coincide with the output of the ROM 2 upon occurrence of a quarternary error, which may possibly be judged as a primary error.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4890286.html (4400 words)

	Method of transferring error correcting code and circuit therefor - Patent 5394407
		ECC protocols are characterized by the number of bit errors each is able to correct and the number of bit errors each is able to detect.
		Any correctable errors in the data stream subsequent to the first correctable error will automatically be corrected by ECC decode block 28 and will be output by multiplexer 30 until the input data valid signal is toggled.
		ECC decode block 28 generates the Ith corrected symbol one clock cycle after MMU 22 receives the Ith input symbol, where I is an integer index.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5394407.html (4318 words)

	Error Correcting Code (ECC)
		There are several different types of error correcting codes that have been invented over the years, but the type commonly used on PCs is the Reed-Solomon algorithm, named for researchers Irving Reed and Gustave Solomon, who first discovered the general technique that the algorithm employs.
		Reed-Solomon codes are widely used for error detection and correction in various computing and communications media, including magnetic storage, optical storage, high-speed modems, and data transmission channels.
		Errors that can be corrected using the redundant information are corrected before passing the data to the rest of the system.
	www.storagereview.com /guide2000/ref/hdd/geom/errorECC.html (591 words)

	DNA Error Correcting Codes
		Such a code would allow repair enzymes to protect the fidelity of non-replicating DNA and increase the accuracy of replication.
		If a linear block error correcting code is present in DNA then some bases would be a linear function of the other bases in each set of bases.
		We illustrate the use of this procedure by using it to analyze the lac operon and the gene for cytochrome c.
	www.ccs.fau.edu /~liebovitch/dna.html (201 words)

	Hamming (7,4) code
		He also invented the notion of perfect codes: a code for which there is an integer q such that the q-spheres c entered at the words are disjoint, and every vertex is in one of these q-spheres.
		For the correction of the bit flip error, it was not strictly necessary to have the logical 0 and 1 be a superposition of states -- any odd or even parity word in the (7,4) Hamming code would have sufficed.
		Correction of bit-flip errors in the new basis thus results in correction of phase errors in the original basis.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~smroso/hamming.html (1879 words)

	Error Detecting and Correcting Codes
		To check the correctness of an item, the receiver simply counts the number of 1 bits and ensures that they are odd or even, as the case may be.
		A 1-bit error will cause the parity bit to report an error, and the correcting bits can be used to correct it.
		A 2-bit error will cause the parity bit to NOT report an error, but the correcting bits WILL report an error - this is taken as an indication of a double error that we can detect but not fix.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /courses/cs311/lectures-2003/error_correcting_codes.html (1956 words)

	Hamming code - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A code with this ability to reconstruct the original message in the presence of errors is known as an error-correcting code.
		Moreover, the repetition code is extremely inefficient, reducing throughput by three times in our original case, and the efficiency drops drastically as we increase the number of times each bit is duplicated in order to detect and correct more errors.
		However, if a parity error is not detected but the Hamming code indicates that there is an error, this is assumed to have been due to a two-bit error, which is detected but cannot be corrected.
	www.kean.edu /~asetoode/home/crc2/hamming.htm (2097 words)

	Error-Correcting Codes
		As the Golay code uses a block of 23 bits, with 12 bits used for data (and therefore 2^12 possible valid codewords), and it corrects three errors, which means that the minimum Hamming distance between valid codewords is 7, it is referred to as a [23,12,7] code.
		Fourth, assume that exactly one bit in the error-checking portion of the block is in error, and for each of the 12 bits in the error-checking portion, invert that bit, apply the code to the result, and compare the error-checking portion of the output to the data portion of the recieved block.
		BCH codes are based on primitive polynomials in the Galois Field over 2^n, which were discussed earlier in the sections on the Rijndael block cipher, and on linear-feedback shift registers, and in a section of their own.
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/mi0602.htm (7187 words)

	9. Matrix Hamming Codes
		In that case to be able to detect up to k errors in all cases requires minimum Hamming distance between code words of k+1.
		One convenient form of a code (but not the only form and not even the most convenient from) is to have the first bits of the code word state the message exactly, and then tack on extra “check bits” that provide the redundancy needed to allow error correction.
		Find a code with the same code words that is in IZ form, then find the error, and the original message in terms of the basis for which the matrix takes IZ form; then take the same linear combination of those basis vectors as the message is of them.
	www-math.mit.edu /18.310/matrix_hamming_codes.html (2710 words)

	Quantum Error Correction for Phase Errors
		Currently envisaged scalable quantum computers require the use of quantum error correction to enable relatively error-free computation on a platform of physical systems that are inherently error-prone.
		The simplest way to use this code is to encode one qubit's state into it, wait for some errors to happen, and then decode to an output qubit.
		Without errors between encoding and decoding, the output state should be the same as the input state, provided that the encoding and decoding procedures are implemented perfectly.
	www.eskimo.com /~knill/qip/nmrprhtml/node15.html (837 words)

	New error correcting code is included in Exchange Server 2003 SP1
		Error -1018 is generated if the built-in integrity verification component in Exchange determines that Exchange could not correctly store or could not correctly retrieve Exchange database file data from the hard disk.
		A single-bit or bit flip error is a hardware-level occurrence where a single bit of data is changed from a zero to a one or from a one to a zero.
		However, the single-bit error is not corrected in the database that exists on the hard disk.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/867626 (1936 words)

	Error Correcting Code for 10 GB Twisted Pair Wire Ethernet Accepted as IEEE Standards
		The LDPC is an error correcting code in the signal configuration of “10GBASE-T” standard of ethernet transmission at 10 Gb/s using twisted pair wire.
		It is expected that the LDPC code is used for the backbone of IP communications and the Internet Data Center (IDC) for a time, and for the interconnection of PCs in the future, to form a gigantic market.
		In order to solve the problem of transmission error, it is necessary to decode the original data by use of error correcting code.
	www.aist.go.jp /aist_e/latest_research/2004/20040906/20040906.html (1219 words)

	Double error correction using single error correcting code (US4319357)
		A single error correcting double error detecting (SEC/DED) error correcting code for a memory is used to correct one fixed error and one transitory error in a data word stored in the memory.
		The erroneous data word and syndrome generated therefrom by the error correcting code circuitry are saved while the memory location of the flawed word is checked to determine the location of the one fixed error using a ancillatory error correction technique.
		In an error correcting system for a memory using a ECC code capable of correcting a single error and detecting a double error, a method for correcting a word which has one fixed error and one transitory error comprising the steps of:
	www.delphion.com /details?&pn=US04319357__ (385 words)

	.:SAKSIVC: Vedic Literature: Mathematics: Error correcting code: Abstract:.
		Error correcting code-like chanting procedures in ancient India.
		We consider here one particular error correcting code-like chanting called as Krama-maala Vikrati and show its connection to the modern Linear Block Code developed on the basis of advanced mathematical concepts.
		We also mention the other error detecting procedures (not correcting) for Rig Veda Samhita based on the use of binary numbers dated 200 BCE or earlier.
	www.vedah.com /org/literature/maths/abstract.asp (96 words)

	Error Correction and Detection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This approach, called "error detecting and correcting codes," is based on defining a distance between two bit strings in terms of the number of bits that have to change to get from the first string to the second.
		The basic idea of an error correcting code is to use extra bits to increase the dimensionality of the hypercube, and make sure the Hamming distance between any two valid points is greater than one.
		If we have an error, we'll be able to tell which bit has the error because it will be uniquely determined by the set of subsets that turn up with bad parity.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~pfeiffer/classes/573/notes/ecc.html (3096 words)

	FAQ Troubleshooting « WordPress Codex
		It may be necessary to change your Theme's template page.php or index.php file to make this feature work according to your wishes.
		Error code 28: No space left on device
		Error 28, and how to avoid it (http://www.mysql.com/newsletter/2003-10/a0000000249.html):
	codex.wordpress.org /FAQ_Troubleshooting (0 words)

	Phalanx Consulting Inc: Calgary Web Design, Calgary Website Development & Calgary Graphic Design - The Bad Code ...
		The third giveaway for bad code is the inappropriate use of spaces for indenting the code and separating the program’s elements.
		In C code, errors are often passed from the API to the program in-band, that is together with the function’s result: a special value, like NULL or a negative integer, is used to indicate that the result is not an entity the caller would expect to be returned, but an indication of an error.
		Copying one piece of code from one place to another is easy to do, but finding that code after many years and programmers have left their signs on it is rarely that straightforward.
	www.gophalanx.com /content/view/43/38 (1994 words)

	Contents
		In fact, for coding theory and cryptography, many systems use such large parameters that working practical ``by hand'' is virtually impossible and computers are not just useful but required.
		Cyclic codes are a very broad class of codes which includes, for example Reed-Solomon codes, the codes used on todays CDs.
		Other codes, such as the Goppa codes and the low density parity check codes, do not need group theory but were too advanced to fit naturally into chapter 3.
	web.usna.navy.mil /~wdj/book/node1.html (878 words)

	Glossary RFID - GAO RFID Inc. - RFID solutions, RFID readers, RFID tags
		The rules by which the error correcting mode operates.
		Techniques used to ensure that only correct information is presented to the user of the system.
		The rate at which information is transferred to a tag, written into the tag's memory and verified as being correct.
	www.gaorfid.com /resources/rfid_glossaries (0 words)

	Authorize.Net - Tools
		The following troubleshooting tools can help you determine the source of processing errors, while providing helpful suggestions for correcting your integration to the Authorize.Net application programming interface (API).
		Use this interactive tool to look up errors and troubleshooting suggestions for hundreds of response reason codes (error code messages) issued by the payment gateway.
		This tool allows you to look up information and troubleshooting suggestions for errors associated with creating, updating and canceling subscriptions using the ARB API.
	developer.authorize.net /tools (143 words)

	Hacker's Delight
		The sixth printing corrects all the errors known up to when it was printed (November 2006).
		This file is an introduction to the theory and practice of error correcting codes.
		It describes the Hamming code, gives a program for computing and decoding a Hamming code, and describes the basic theoretical problem of binary forward error correcting block codes.
	www.hackersdelight.org (0 words)

	HTMLSpy for learning and validate html code.
		You are doing click on viewed element on web page and getting its colored source code for learning and storing to local disk.
		If source has error(s) the first line does not return to the first position after loading in HTMLSpy.
		It means that html code is not well-formed.
	www.softexe.com /htmlspy.html (0 words)

	! Aware: Useful Tech & Info: Memory blocks (Sometimes called "Byte Strings")
		Error control in high-speed memories is examined, including bit-error-correcting/detecting codes, byte-error-correcting/detecting codes, and codes to detect single-byte errors as well as correct single-bit errors and detect double-bit errors.
		Tape and disk memory codes for error control in mass memories are discussed.
		Processor error control and unidirectional error-control codes are covered, including the application of the latter to masking asymmetric line faults.
	www.rocketaware.com /exec/mem (2146 words)

	MERL – Analyzing and Designing Error-Correcting Codes
		The discovery of turbo codes in 1993 and the re-discovery of Gallager codes soon thereafter stimulated considerable research into iterative decoding of codes on graphs.
		However, this method presumes that the "messages" passed in the decoding algorithm are statistically independent, and is therefore only valid for the infinite block-length limit of certain codes such as irregular Gallager codes and their relatives.
		The first is based on the "renormalization-group" approach from physics: the idea is to continually replace an error-correcting code with a simpler error-correcting code that has nearly identical performance, until the code is reduced to a small enough size that its performance can be computed exactly.
	www.merl.com /projects/ECC (407 words)

	Quantum Error Correcting Code Empirical Performance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Summary of performances of several quantum codes on the 4-ary symmetric channel (depolarizing channel), treated (by almost all the decoding algorithms shown in this figure) as if the channel were a pair of independent binary symmetric channels.
		In the case of dual-containing codes, this is the noise level at which each of the two identical constituent codes has an error probability of $5\times 10^{-5}$.
		3786(B,4SC): a code of construction B (the same code as its neighbour in the figure) decoded with a decoder that exploits the known correlations between X errors and Z errors.
	www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk /qecc (253 words)

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