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Topic: Error detection

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	Error Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Error detection was used in the cyclic system example to reject a state that could not be properly decoded.
		Given a set of error operators that need to be protected against, the scheme is successful if for each error operator, either the information is unchanged, or the error is detected.
		The error that flips all bits is not detectable because it preserves the code but changes the states in the code.
	www.eskimo.com /~knill/qip/ecprhtml/node6.html (352 words)

	Error Correction Codes
		There's an error correction code that separates the bits holding the original value (data bits) from the error correction bits (check bits), and the difference between the calculated and actual error correction bits is the position of the bit that's wrong.
		Error correction codes are a way to represent a set of symbols so that if any 1 bit of the representation is accidentally flipped, you can still tell which symbol it was.
		The finished code, 011101011000101, is sent to the remote side, which recomputes the error code bits from the symbol bits, and compares that to the error code bits actually received.
	burtleburtle.net /bob/math/errorcor.html (905 words)

	Error Correction and Detection
		This approach, called "error detecting and correcting codes," is based on defining a distance between two bit strings in terms of the number of bits that have to change to get from the first string to the second.
		The basic idea of an error correcting code is to use extra bits to increase the dimensionality of the hypercube, and make sure the Hamming distance between any two valid points is greater than one.
		If we have an error, we'll be able to tell which bit has the error because it will be uniquely determined by the set of subsets that turn up with bad parity.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~pfeiffer/classes/573/notes/ecc.html (3096 words)

	Error Detection in Anatomic Pathology Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Objectives.-To define the magnitude of error occurring in anatomic pathology, to propose a scheme to classify such errors so their influence on clinical outcomes can be evaluated, and to identify quality assurance procedures able to reduce the frequency of errors.
		A first prerequisite to reducing the incidence of error in anatomic pathology is a reasonably complete and generally consistent set of definitions of the types of problems encountered, so that their magnitude can be gauged.
		In each publication, we looked at criteria for defining error and assessing its "severity," whether the study was prospective or retrospective, the number of cases reviewed to detect the errors, and the composition of the denominator of cases used to define the error rates.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200510/ai_n15667768 (711 words)

	Error Detection and Control in Data Transfer
		Therefore, the error detection and control should be able to handle as many errors that possible.
		Error detection is a method that allows some sommunications erros to be detected.
		Therefore, to detect communications errors, the Hamming distance of the line code must be longer than the length of the error bursts.
	www.tml.tkk.fi /Studies/Tik-110.300/1998/Essays/error_detection.html (2452 words)

	Topic: Coding for Error Detection and Correction
		Error coding is a method of detecting and correcting these errors to ensure information is transferred intact from its source to its destination.
		Error coding is used for fault tolerant computing in computer memory, magnetic and optical data storage media, satellite and deep space communications, network communications, cellular telephone networks, and almost any other form of digital data communication.
		Error coding is used in many digital applications like computer memory, magnetic and optical data storage media, satellite and deep space communications, network communications, and cellular telephone networks.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~koopman/des_s99/coding (2254 words)

	CEN 4500C - Error Detection and Correction
		Burst errors are distributed over the interleaved (time-division multiplexed) channels, so that if K channels are interleaved (i.e., an interleaving depth of K is used), then each channel suffers an error of length roughly 1/K of the original burst error.
		Since a common error is to have one bad track, this bad track is likely to be detected by the check sequence at the end of the block, and as long as only one track is bad, the parity track can be used to correct the errorful track.
		In addition to the receiver being able to detect errors and perhaps to correct them, the sender and the receiver need to agree upon some common control information and frame formats, along with protocols to use in order to effect the successful transfer of a sequence of frames.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /~nemo/cen4500/ecc.html (2232 words)

	Westgard QC Lesson: Critical-Error Graphs
		Error detection varies from 0.43 to 0.73, which is somewhat lower than observed for the critical systematic error, illustrating that it is generally more difficult to detect the critical changes in random error.
		In cases where it is difficult to achieve the desired error detection within a single run, multi-rule procedures can be used to accumulate control data over more than one run, thereby increasing the detection of errors that persist from run to run.
		With a critical-error graph, a quality planing model is used to determine the error condition of interest on the x-axis, then the power curve interpolated to determine the y-value or probability of detecting that error condition.
	www.westgard.com /lesson5.htm (1212 words)

	Error detection and correction in DEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These errors may he even generated by automatic stereo correlation methods, that may have operative problems as a result of low contrast in images, ambiguities due to the repetition of objects or to periodic patterns.
		In practice, detection of such errors in DEMs is carried out in many cases by visual inspection of perspective displays or shaded relief displays (Weibel and Heller, 1991), whereas systematic and exhaustive calculation analysis methods should he applied.
		Generally, errors tend to be detected by the assumption that land surface is essentially continuous (Chrisman, 1991), and hence that comparison of close values may be a valid tool for the detection of anomalous data.
	www.etsimo.uniovi.es /~feli/SIG/ISPRS94.html (2817 words)

	Error Control Coding - Error Correction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Whereas the method for error detection works on any number of information bits, the following method for error correction is for blocks containing exactly 4 information bits together with 3 parity check bits.
		To locate the single bit error, we will check for its existence in selected subsets of the block using error detection and from there deduce its position.
		Note that, as with the error detection, the bit in error can be an information bit or a parity check bit.
	home.earthlink.net /~ocb1/page3.html (348 words)

	ECC Technologies, Inc. ECC FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Error correction is needed to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data and, in some cases, to create fault-tolerance (where components can fail with no loss of performance or data).
		Error correction is currently being used to make high capacity storage devices such as magnetic and optical disk and tape reliable.
		Error correction can be used to extend the battery life of portable computers and other battery-powered electronic devices by allowing a significant decrease in the DRAM refresh rate.
	members.aol.com /mnecctek/faqs.html (1761 words)

	Stack and Global Data Error Detection
		The value of i where Memory Advisor will detect the error depends on where the array buf is in relation to the boundary region that separates stack frames.
		Memory Advisor will detect the error once you attempt to access the memory in the boundary areas between stack frames, and it could detect the error as soon as you attempt to access buf[16] in the example.
		Memory Advisor can detect errors involving overwrites of global data by inserting boundary regions between the global variables and prohibiting access to memory in the boundary regions.
	www.eecs.lehigh.edu /resources/MEM_ADVISE/data.htm (1454 words)

	Error detection in text: do feedback and familiarity help? Journal of General Psychology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In contrast, Vosniadou, Pearson, and Rogers (1988) found declines in error detection when memory and comprehension processes became quite demanding, such as with text that participants found difficult to understand and remember.
		Nonwords (misspellings) are easier to detect than are contextually inappropriate words because nonword error detection relies on basic word-recognition processes, whereas the detection of word errors reflects syntactic and semantic processes after word recognition has been accomplished.
		The detection of nonword errors benefited from familiarity when the text to be proofread contained only that type of errors (Levy, 1983).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2405/is_3_131/ai_n6130103 (706 words)

	Error Detection and Correction (Linktionary term)
		Bit errors are errors that corrupt single bits of a transmission, turning a 1 into a 0, and vice versa.
		Error detection strategy Send only enough extra information to detect an error; then request a retransmission from the source.
		ARQ strategies allow a receiving device to detect errors in transmissions and request a retransmission from the sender.
	www.linktionary.com /e/error.html (628 words)

	Error Detection
		One of the best ways to find a memory access error with Memory Advisor is to run the processed program under a debugger, instructing it to stop each time Memory Advisor issues a message.
		Because of differences in error detection mechanisms, Memory Advisor may provide different output for the next error detected, depending on whether you are using LITE mode or OMT mode.
		This error causes the program to read from or write to memory that is in use for another purpose.
	www.eecs.lehigh.edu /resources/MEM_ADVISE/debug.htm (2931 words)

	Memory Error Detection and Correction
		Since memory errors are rare if the system is operating correctly, the vast majority of errors will be single-bit errors, and will be detected.
		Unfortunately, while parity allows for the detection of single bit errors, it does not provide a means of determining which bit is in error, which would be necessary to correct the error.
		By making careful choices as to which data bits contribute to which ECC bits, it becomes possible to not just detect a single-bit error, but actually identify which bit is in error (even if it is one of the ECC bits).
	www.brouhaha.com /~eric/computers/ecc.html (1160 words)

	Error detection coding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Error detection coding is designed to permit the detection of errors.
		Once detected, the receiver may ask for a re-transmission of the erroneous bits, or it may simply inform the recipient that the transmission was corrupted.
		A polynomial code can detect any error burst of length less than or equal to the length of the generator polynomial.
	www.cs.ucl.ac.uk /staff/S.Bhatti/D51-notes/node32.html (662 words)

	4.1 Error detection
		All error detection is based on redundancy yet compression has squeezed out almost all the redundancy in the TCP and IP headers.
		The correct way to deal with this problem is to provide for error detection at the framing level.
		The first type is detected at the decompressor from a link-level CRC error, the second at the TCP receiver from a (guaranteed) invalid TCP checksum.
	www.freesoft.org /CIE/RFC/1144/11.htm (505 words)

	Error Control Coding - Error Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Error detection in a block becomes possible with one parity check bit.
		Note that the bit in error can be an information bit or the parity check bit.
		A precise algorithm for the error detection can be described as follows.
	home.earthlink.net /~ocb1/page2.html (181 words)

	Linux: Error Detection and Correction \| KernelTrap
		Alan Cox [interview] submitted a pair of patches to add error detection and correction (EDAC) logic to the 2.6 kernel.
		Memory error checking used to be accomplised with a parity checking bit that was attached to each byte of memory.
		Parity checking was a reasonably effective method for detecting a one bit change in a byte of memory.
	kerneltrap.org /node/5784 (714 words)

	Error Detection and Handling - AutoMate User Resource Center
		If the error is to be handled, the step examines the settings of the 'On Error' tab and executes each option chosen.
		The error that occurs will be written to a task-specific text log file specified by the user.
		Errors may be handled on a per step basis as well.
	www.networkautomation.com /automate/urc/newsletter_article.cfm?articleid=67A31C2E-9FA9-F1B8-871C17CBE486DA1D (1338 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Algebraic Codes for Error Detection and Correction \| July 22, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Electronic data transmission errors are a fact of life and, despite rapid advances in digital communication and computer networks, transmission error control continues to be a major software- and hardware-engineering task.
		Assume that the received code word is a vector R. We also assume that an error vector E is of the same dimension as that of the code word or vector R. The 1s in E represent the error positions in the code word.
		If an error of more than 1-bit error occurs, the syndrome will be equal to the sum of the corresponding columns of H. If, for example, errors occurred in the third and fourth bits of the example above, the syndrome would be as in Example 4(b).
	www.ddj.com /184408459?pgno=7 (1848 words)

	ACM Ubiquity - Software Implemented Fault Tolerance through Data Error Recovery
		This is very effective for on-computing application-data error detection and error recovery of the application-data during the life cycle of the application.
		This proposed technique is capable of detecting and repairing any number of soft errors (not reproducible) as well as permanent errors during the run time of an application.
		We all know that the major drawback of error detection and fault tolerance by software- means comes from the increase in execution time and the memory area overhead.
	www.acm.org /ubiquity/views/v6i35_kumar.html (2669 words)

	Java Pro - From Error Detection to Error Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		If so, there's a good chance that your releases are delayed, your software ships with errors, and/or your developers follow the standard rule of 80 percent time spent debugging and 20 percent time spent writing new code.
		But by applying a concept called automated error prevention (AEP), you can ensure that any time an error is discovered, your process is improved, and that error—along with entire classes of similar errors—is prevented from recurring.
		The concept of AEP advocates the automation of five procedures, which are combined to improve the development process and prevent software errors: detect an error, isolate the cause of the error, locate the point in the process that created the error, implement practices to prevent the error from reoccurring, and monitor for improvements.
	www.fawcette.com /javapro/2004_01/magazine/features/akolawa (375 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction: Error Detection -------------------------------- The aim of an error detection technique is to enable the receiver of a message transmitted through a noisy (error-introducing) channel to determine whether the message has been corrupted.
		Other error detection techniques exist that involve performing complex transformations on the message to inject it with redundant information.
		We can ensure that this class of error is always detected by making sure that G has at least two bits set to 1.
	www.ross.net /crc/download/crc_v3.txt (6758 words)

	EE4253 CRC Error Detection
		Unless the probability of a error is very low and a message is very short (the case when a parity bit is added to a 7-bit ASCII character) the chances of some error event going undetected are high.
		This is the case, in particular, for the two bit error 10000001, where the two bad bits are 7-bits apart.
		In essence, 100% detection is assured for all errors E(x) not an exact multiple of P(x).
	www.ee.unb.ca /tervo/ee4253/crc.htm (808 words)

	Observation Based Medication Error Detection Systems
		When the suspected cause for an error has been identified, steps can then be taken by the healthcare professionals to make system changes and reduce the likelihood that the same error will recur.
		A proprietary version of the observation based method for detecting medication errors was developed by Dr. Barker and his staff at Auburn University and has been used since the early 1980s for qualifying nursing homes for Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement.
		Excluding errors caused by not giving medications on time, the new technology system was linked to a 54% reduction in errors in the medical/surgery unit at LGH.
	www.medaccuracy.com (582 words)

	COMP642 - Review of Error Detection and Correction
		For example, a short 20 ms click on a telephone line is unlikely to disrupt voice communication, but if data is being set over the line at 28,800 bps, the click may destroy over 5700 data bits.
		All error detection methods involve the transmission of redundant data.
		Error checking schemes compare redundant data to see if they agree.
	technology.niagarac.on.ca /courses/comp642/notes/edc.htm (122 words)

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