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Topic: Erucic acid

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	Determination and Health Implication of the Erucic Acid Content of Broccoli Florets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The erucic acid content of broccoli florets, sprouts, and seeds was found to be about 0.8, 320, and 12100 mg/100 g, respectively.
		Using the erucic acid limit established for canola oil in the U.S.A. and Canada as a guideline, the estimated dietary intake of erucic acid from florets and sprouts was considered of little consequence, whereas in seeds a relatively small amount (about 35 g/wk) equaled our calculated exposure limit for erucic acid.
		Additionally, the most complete fatty acid distribution yet published for the various forms of broccoli are presented.
	www.sproutnet.com /Nutrition/Research/determination_and_health_implica.htm (117 words)

	Erucic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Erucic acid is a fatty acid found in rapeseed, wallflower seed, and mustard seed, making up 40 to 50 percent of their oil.
		Erucic acid is used to produce emollients, surfactants, and other chemicals.
		Erucic has been shown to have a variety of health impacts in studies, and foods containing large amounts of erucic acid are considered unfit for human consumption in many countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Erucic_acid (140 words)

	Fatty acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Industrially, fatty acids are produced by the hydrolysis of the ester linkages in a fat or biological oil (both of which are triglycerides), with the removal of glycerol.
		Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are omega-6 fatty acids.
		Oleic and erucic acid are omega-9 fatty acids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fatty_acid (840 words)

	[No title]
		For the purposes of the present invention the saturated fatty acid content of a given rapeseed is determined by a standard procedure wherein the oil is removed from the rapeseeds by crushing the seeds and is extracted as fatty acid methyl esters following reaction with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
		A method for lowering the palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acid content of rapeseeds according to claim 34 wherein during step (a) a rapeseed seed having a moisture content of approximately 5 to 6 percent by weight is subjected to approximately 60 to 200 Krad.
		A method for lowering the palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acid content of rapeseeds according to claim 34 wherein during step (a) a rapeseed seed having a moisture content of approximately 5 to 6 percent by weight is subjected to approximately 60 to 90 Krad.
	www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/germplasm/patents/1995_Patents/05387758 (8035 words)

	Whole Foods Market : Issues & Actions : Labeling : Canola (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Canola oil (it's named derived from Canadian oil) is a specially bred "low erucic acid" variety of rapeseed that was created after studies showed rats fed traditional rapeseed oil containing up to 40% erucic acid developed fatty degeneration of heart, kidney, adrenals, and thyroid.
		Subsequent studies, however, showed that rats had the same type of problems with other oils that didn't even contain erucic acid, indicating that the initial conclusions indicting erucic acid as the culprit were false.
		Erucic acid was bred out of canola from rapeseed's 40% erucic acid down to less than 0.02 to 0.01% to create a more neutral flavor, not because of health considerations.
	www.breadcircus.com /issues/canola.html (1025 words)

	Mold release agent and method for molding ceramics - Patent 5133804
		Low erucic acid rapeseed oil is less than 2 vol% erucic acid, typically 0.5 to 1.0 vol% and is also known as canola oil.
		Erucic acid is a C.sub.22 fatty acid homolog of oleic acid with an additional four carbon atoms.
		The fatty acid of the invention is a C.sub.8 to C.sub.24, branched or straight chain fatty acid which may be saturated or unsaturated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5133804.html (1692 words)

	Erucic Acid, Essential amino acids, Essential oils, Essiac, Esters, Estrogen, Ethanolamine phosphate. Evening primrose ...
		A fatty acid found in large amounts in rape and mustard seed oils, and widely (but mistakenly) thought to be toxic.
		As reported by nutritionist and oil expert Udo Erasmus PhD, the rat studies which showed fatty degeneration of heart, kidneys and glands after the consumption of erucic acid, were interpreted to mean that erucic acid is also toxic to humans.
		Erucic acid has been used to treat a fatal degenerative disease known as adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and is sometimes known as 'Lorenzo's oil', after the boy who inspired the development of the treatment.
	www.health-diets.net /healthsearch/erucic.htm (416 words)

	Transgressive segregation and selection for zero erucic acid rapeseed-mustard strains from intergeneric crosses of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Indian cultivated varieties of rapeseed-mustard have high amounts of erucic acid in the seed oil and high glucosinolate in the oil free meal, both of which are nutritionally undesirable.
		The advanced generation backcross derivatives of B. napus were analyzed for their fatty acids through half- seed technique by GLC method.
		Zero erucic acid, early maturing lines of B.juncea (117 days) and B. napsus (118 days) have been developed that are suitableto grow under Indian agroclimatic conditions.
	www.teriin.org /division/bbdiv/pmb/docs/abs60.htm (187 words)

	Food Standards Agency - Erucic acid update
		Erucic acid is a substance naturally found in some oils derived from plants, primarily in some varieties of mustard seed oil and rapeseed oil.
		Although there have been no confirmed cases of erucic acid toxicity in humans, high levels of erucic acid have been linked to the formation of fatty deposits in heart muscle in animals.
		(b) for foods with more than 5% total fat content, the erucic acid comprises more than 5% of the fatty acid content of all the oil or fat in the case of a food to which oil and/or fat has been added.
	www.food.gov.uk /news/newsarchive/2004/dec/erucicupdate (443 words)

	High levels of erucic acid in foods preserved in oil, UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These surveys found levels of erucic acid in certain imported pickles, sauces and preserved vegetables, manufactured outside the EC, that exceeded the statutory limit (5% erucic acid in fat or oil), as prescribed by The Erucic Acid in Food Regulations 1977.
		Erucic acid is a substance naturally found in some plant-derived oils, primarily in some varieties of mustard seed oil and high erucic acid rapeseed oil.
		Although there have been no confirmed cases of erucic acid toxicity in humans, it has been linked to causing fatty deposits in, and inflammation of, heart muscle in animals.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=13276 (546 words)

	Rapeseed, a New Oilseed Crop for the United States
		This is almost entirely due to the plant breeding work initiated in Canada in the 1950s and 1960s which greatly reduced the levels of two anti-nutritional compounds, erucic acid in the oil and glucosinolates in the meal, creating a new, high-value oil and protein crop known as canola in Canada and the United States.
		Canola is the Canadian Canola Association trademark which refers to any rapeseed with less than 2% of erucic acid (C22:1) in the oil and less than 30 umol of the four major aliphatic glucosinolates in a gram of air dry solids.
		In the oleo-chemical, industry high erucic oil is used as a source of erucic acid to produce a slipping and anti-blocking agent used in plastic foils, foaming agents used for instance in mining industry, and many other chemicals for both food and non-food industries.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-302.html (3540 words)

	Canola Production in Ohio, AGF-109-95
		Canola refers to rapeseed which is LOW in erucic acid (less than 2 percent) and glucosinolates (less than 30 micromoles per gram of oil-free meal).
		In January, 1985, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of LOW erucic acid rapeseed for human consumption The term "Canola" is a name registered by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association.
		Mixtures of canola with HIGH erucic acid rapeseed, used in industrial oils, should NOT be planted in Ohio.
	ohioline.osu.edu /agf-fact/0109.html (942 words)

	Bioassembly of Storage Lipids in Oilseed Crops; Target: Trierucin
		Primarily, the difficulty was due to the fact that, in typical metabolism studies, radiolabeled erucic acid or erucoyl-CoA were very poorly metabolized by developing zygotic embryo preparations in vitro.
		In particular, MD embryos developed in the high erucic acid cultivar Reston have been shown to accumulate VLCFAs such as 22:1 in TAGs in a manner similar to developing zygotic embryos of the same cultivar (Table 2) (Taylor et al.
		Erucic acid (22:1) can be esterified at both the sn-1 and -3 positions, but is virtually excluded from the sn-2 position.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1993/V2-181.html (3863 words)

	The Great Con-ola
		Unfortunately, about two-thirds of the mono-unsaturated fatty acids in rapeseed oil are erucic acid, a 22-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid that had been associated with Keshan's disease, characterized by fibrotic lesions of the heart.
		In fact, erucic acid is helpful in the treatment of the wasting disease adrenoleukodystrophy and was the magic ingredient in Lorenzo's oil.
		The consensus among lipid experts is that the American diet is too high in omega-6 fatty acids (present in high amounts in commercial vegetable oils) and lacking in omega-3 fatty acids (which are present in organ meats, wild fish, pastured egg yolks, organic vegetables and flax oil).
	www.westonaprice.org /knowyourfats/conola.html (5224 words)

	NEXUS: The Great Canola Con
		Unfortunately, about two-thirds of the monounsaturated fatty acids in rapeseed oil are erucic acid, a 22-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid that had been associated with Keshan's disease, characterised by fibrotic lesions of the heart.
		In the late 1970s, using a technique of genetic manipulation involving seed splitting,2 Canadian plant breeders came up with a variety of rapeseed that produced a monounsaturated oil that was low in 22-carbon erucic acid and high in 18-carbon oleic acid.
		The consensus among lipid experts is that the American diet is too high in omega-6 fatty acids (present in high amounts in commercial vegetable oils) and lacking in omega-3 fatty acids (which are present in organ meats, wild fish, pasteurised egg yolks, organic vegetables and flax oil).
	www.nexusmagazine.com /articles/canola.html (5500 words)

	Canola Oil - T85-10) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The proposal, published in the Federal Register on Sept. 16, would recognize canola oil as an alternate common or usual name for low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR oil), as it is identified in the United States.
		However, Canada has sharply lowered the erucic acid content so there is no longer any conflict, and the Soybean Association now supports the name canola oil.
		As a result of efforts begun in Canada during the 1960s, however, rapeseed varieties were bred that had a low erucic acid content.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00198.html (416 words)

	Mustard Oil Made Healthier
		The modified mustard lacks an unwanted constituent called erucic acid, is rich in an important constituent called oleic acid and has ten per cent each of essential unsaturated fats, linoleic acid and omega 3, Deepak Paintal of the Genetics Department of Delhi University, whose team carried out the modifications, said.
		A study in France in which butter in diet was replaced by canola oil, a zero erucic acid oil, found 70 per cent reduction in heart attack deaths in people who already had a cardiac arrest, Reddy said.
		However, removal of erucic acid increased the amount of linoleic acid and omega-3 to a higher side which affects the stability of the oil.
	www.sawf.org /newedit/edit08302004/fitness.asp (686 words)

	Canola Oil - Directory & Reference Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1974 another variety was produced with both a low erucic acid content and a low level of glucosinolates; this was dubbed Canola, from Canadian Oil Low Acid.
		Erucic acid is implicated with cancer and rancidity and glucosinolates are goitrogenic.
		Although the undesirable effects of glucosinolates and erucic acid were known, they were deemed an acceptable risk versus the many health benefits of rapeseed oil.
	www.plantoils.in /a_z/c/canola_oil/canola_oil.html (1483 words)

	Definition of erucic acid - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "erucic acid" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "erucic acid" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "erucic acid" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=erucic (57 words)

	April FCS Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Low erucic acid rapeseeds are commodity oil seeds which is commonly used in production of edible canola oil; whereas, the high erucic rapeseeds have some potential use as a lubricating oil.
		Erucic acid is a normal constituent of some seed oils (e.g.
		However, the levels of erucic acid are controlled in rapeseed due to its potential cadiotoxic effects.
	bay.ifas.ufl.edu /fcs_newsletters/fcs2001/fcsapril_01.htm (2324 words)

	FDA/CFSAN/OPA: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000033
		The notice informs FDA of the view of Canola Council of Canada that low erucic acid oil derived from Brassica juncea is GRAS, through scientific procedures, for use in margarine and shortening and as a salad and frying oil.
		In your view, low erucic acid oil derived from Brassica juncea is substantially equivalent to low erucic acid rapeseed oil derived from Brassica napus or Brassica campestris.
		Under 21 CFR 184.1555, low erucic acid rapeseed oil derived from Brassica napus or Brassica campestris is also known as canola oil.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g033.html (586 words)

	[No title]
		The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of erucic acid content in gomenzer and to introgress genes for the non2-propenyl glucosinolate trait from B. napus and B. juncea.
		seed from reciprocal crosses between the high erucic acid cultivars Dodolla and S-67 and zero erucic acid line C90-14 was intermediate between the parents indicating that erucic acid content in B. carinata was controlled by two nondominant genes with two alleles acting in an additive manner.
		$16% erucic acid at the ratio of 1:2:1 indicating that erucic acid was under the control of two alleles each of at two loci.
	library.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-10212004-000353 (469 words)

	[No title]
		Erucic acid is used to make intermediate chemicals, such as slip agents, emollients, and surfactants, that are used as inputs in the manufacture of such items as plastic bags, cosmetics, personal care products, and laundry detergents.
		Industrial rapeseed is the traditional source of erucic acid for the world market.
		World supplies of high-erucic acid oils have declined in the last few years as many countries have switched from older rapeseed varieties to canola types.
	www.rma.usda.gov /pilots/feasible/txt/crambe.txt (914 words)

	Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		Broccoli florets does have erucic acid which may make them fit this group; however, there is not enough to be concerned.
		Using the erucic acid limit established for canola oil in the U.S.A. and Canada as a guideline, the estimated dietary intake of erucic acid from florets and sprouts was considered of little consequence, whereas in seeds a relatively small amount (about 35 g/wk) equaled our calcuated exposure limit for erucic acid.
		Determination and health implication of the erucic acid content of broccoli florets, sprouts, and seeds.
	food.oregonstate.edu /faq/plant/broccoli1.html (155 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The erucic acid content was increased, but overall oil content in the seeds also rose by 25 per cent.
		Erucic acid content is normally 47-50 per cent in the starting germplasm.
		Worldwide demand for erucic acid is expected to increase from about 40 million pounds in 1990 to 75 million pounds by 2010.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?nl97003 (6408 words)

	Erucic acid -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Its structural chemical formula is CH COOH, the (Click link for more info and facts about trans) trans (A compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight) isomer is known as brassidic acid.
		Erucic acid is used to produce (Toiletry consisting of any of various substances resembling cream that have a soothing and moisturizing effect when applied to the skin) emollients, (A substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved) surfactants, and other chemicals.
		It is used in (Click link for more info and facts about Lorenzo's oil) Lorenzo's oil.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/er/erucic_acid.htm (159 words)

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