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Topic: Erwin Chargaff

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	Erwin Chargaff Summary
		The Austrian biochemist Erwin Chargaff (born 1905) discovered that DNA is the primary constituent of the gene, thereby helping to create a new approach to the study of the biology of heredity.
		Chargaff was a pioneer in the use of radioactive isotopes of phosphorus as a tool to study the synthesis and breakdown of phosphorus-containing lipid molecules (phospholipids) in living cells.
		Chargaff returned to Europe, where he lived from 1930 to 1934, serving first as the assistant in charge of chemistry for the department of bacteriology and public health at the University of Berlin (1930-1933), and then as a research associate at the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1933-1934).
	www.bookrags.com /Erwin_Chargaff (5251 words)

	Erwin Chargaff
		Chargaff returned to Europe, where he lived from 1930 to 1934, serving first as the assistant in charge of chemistry for the department of bacteriology and public health at the University of Berlin (1930 - 1933), and then as a research associate at the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1933 - 1934).
		Chargaff emigrated to New York in 1935, taking a position as a research associate in the department of biochemistry at Columbia University, where he spent most of his professional career.
		Chargaff became an assistant professor in 1938 and a professor in 1952.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Erwin_Chargaff (745 words)

	Erwin Chargaff - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chargaff returned to Europe, where he lived from 1930 to 1934, serving first as the assistant in charge of chemistry for the department of bacteriology and public health at the University of Berlin (1930-1933), and then as a research associate at the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1933-1934).
		Chargaff emigrated to New York in 1935, taking a position as a research associate in the department of biochemistry at Columbia University, where he spent most of his professional career.
		Chargaff became an assistant professor in 1938 and a professor in 1952.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Erwin_Chargaff (616 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Erwin Chargaff, who has died aged 96, was one of the giants of the world of biochemistry.
		Chargaff 's crucial finding was to detect the regularity with which the four chemical units of DNA, called bases and known by the letters A, C, G and T, occurred in pairs.
		Chargaff found a striking regularity of the base composition of DNA; from whatever plant or animal tissue he used, the amounts of adenine and thymine were almost the same, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4452500,00.html (822 words)

	Erwin Chargaff Papers, American Philosophical Society
		During his long career, Chargaff is credited with conclusively falsifying the tetranucleotide hypothesis; demonstrating the existence of a large number of DNA species; and creating the first descriptions of hypochromicity, hyperchromicity, and the denaturation of a DNA.
		One of the foremost contributors to a modern understanding of the nucleic acids, Erwin Chargaff was born in Czernowitz, Austria on August 11, 1905.
		The Chargaff Papers were donated to the APS by Erwin Chargaff in 1975.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/c/chargaff.htm (2254 words)

	DNA Time Line (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chargaff's best known achievement was to show that in DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units.
		Chargaff thought different and decieded to act upon his "hunch." Chargaff could precisely measure the amount of each base in a DNA sample.
		Chargaff also noticed that no matter where DNA came from — yeast, people or salmon — the number of adenine bases always equaled the number of thymine bases and the number of guanine always equaled the number of cytosine bases.
	www.angelfire.com /blog/dna/Chargaff.html (205 words)

	KNAW > The Heineken Prizes > Laureates
		Erwin Chargaff was awarded the prize in biochemistry for his pivotal contribution to our knowledge of the chemical structure of nucleic acids, which, together with proteins, belong to the main compounds in the living cell.
		Erwin Chargaff, an Austrian by birth (born August 11, 1905), received his training in Vienna, studying chemistry at the University of Vienna.
		Erwin Chargaff died at the age of 96 in 2002.
	www.knaw.nl /cfdata/heineken/laureates_detail.cfm?winnaar__id=25 (518 words)

	P&S - Faculty Remembered
		Erwin Chargaff was born in Czernowitz, a provincial capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Czernovsky, Ukraine.
		Chargaff was chairman of biochemistry from 1970 to 1974 (a moderate, not extraordinary success) and spent his retirement years (1974 to the 1990s) compulsively writing; his total output is estimated at 450 papers and 15 books on diverse topics.
		Suddenly, in 1914 (Erwin was 9), at a watering spot on the Baltic, the family witnessed Kaiser Wilhelm II’s sons receiving the news of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, i.e., the trigger of World War I. The Chargaffs, homeless, moved abruptly to Vienna.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /news/journal/journal-o/winter-2004/faculty.html (981 words)

	Biographies, Erwin Chargaff
		Erwin Chargaff was born in Czernowitz, Austria on August 11, 1905.
		Chargaff determined, through chemical analysis that in all DNA, the amounts of adenine and thymine were equal, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine.
		Chargaff claimed his visit had helped Watson and Crick in their discovery, though Chargaff had not determined the unique properties of the pairs himself.
	www.geneticstv.org /scientists/chargaff.htm (239 words)

	Columbia’s Contribution to the DNA Structure: Chargaff’s Rules
		Erwin Chargaff was born in Austria and worked in Vienna, Berlin, and Paris before leaving Europe in 1934 for Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.
		First, Dr. Chargaff and his postdocs and students were able to adapt the technique of paper chromatography —; developed a few years earlier to separate amino acids from each other — to separate the four bases in DNA.
		“Chargaff’s discovery that there was quantitative relationship of A to T and G to C was one of the main events in the DNA story, along with the discoveries of Avery and Rosalind Franklin,” says Dr. Isidore Edelman, the Robert W. Johnson Jr.
	cumc.columbia.edu /news/journal/journal-o/fall-2003/dna.html (1369 words)

	Man who opened the door to DNA - smh.com.au
		Chargaff 's crucial finding was to detect the regularity with which the four chemical units of DNA, called bases and known by the letters A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T (thymine), occurred in pairs.
		While he was at Berlin University from 1930 to 1933, he extended his research into bacterial lipids; he spent two years at the Pasteur Institute in Paris; and, in 1935, he settled at Columbia University, New York, where he worked on plant chromoproteins.
		Chargaff promptly turned his laboratory to the study of DNA and its four chemical bases using a refinement of the chromatography technique of two British scientists, John Martin and Richard Synge.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/07/11/1026185086732.html (789 words)

	Erwin Chargaff at AllExperts
		Chargaff immigrated to New York in 1935, taking a position as a research associate in the department of biochemistry at Columbia University, where he spent most of his professional career.
		During his time at Columbia, Chargaff published numerous scientific papers, dealing primarily with the study of nucleic acids such as DNA using chromatographic techniques.
		After his retirement to professor emeritus in 1974(he received National Medal of Science in this year), Chargaff moved his lab to Roosevelt Hospital, where he continued to work until 1992.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/er/erwin_chargaff.htm (726 words)

	KW 31 & 32: Herzlichen Glückwunsch Erwin Chargaff! <br>(11.08.1905 - 20.6.2002) - Uni-Online.de
		Erwin Chargaff wurde 1905 in Österreich-Ungarn in Czernowitz geboren (heute liegt der Ort in der Ukraine).
		Erwin Chargaff forschte außerdem über Blutgerinnung, Lipoproteine und Tuberkelbazillen.
		August wäre Erwin Chargaff 100 Jahre alt geworden.
	www.uni-online.de /artikel.php?link=4315 (483 words)

	Erwin Chargaff's Rules
		In 1950, Erwin Chargaff analysed the base composition of DNA composition in a number of organisms.
		Chargaff found that a peculiar regularity in the ratios of nucleotide bases.
		In the DNA of each species he studies, the number of adenines approximately equaled the number of thymine, and the number of guanines approximately equaled the number of cytosine.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0118084/History/Chargaff.htm (153 words)

	Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library: Archives & Special Collections
		By discovering regularities among the four chemical units, or bases, of DNA, Dr. Chargaff was key to the identification of DNA's role as the hereditary material of living organisms.
		'Chargaff's rules' is the name given to the DNA base ratios he discovered.
		Chargaff was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and winner of numerous awards, including the 1974 National Medal of Science.
	library.cpmc.columbia.edu /hsl/arch/psdbrecord.cfm?RecordNum=8403 (132 words)

	Chargaff, Pioneer and Critic of Biotech, Dies at Age 96 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chargaff, Pioneer and Critic of Biotech, Dies at Age 96
		Chargaff married in 1928 and had one son, who survives him.
		Erwin Chargaff, an eminent geneticist who is sometimes called the father of
	www.organicconsumers.org /gefood/ChargaffDies.cfm (651 words)

	Chemistry 503
		Crick was a physicist who was not very interested in DNA until he read Erwin Schrödinger’s book “What is Life?” This book expounded the belief that genes were the key components of living cells, and therefore, to understand what life is, we need to understand how genes function.
		At this point Watson and Crick turned their attention to the curious regularities in DNA chemistry first observed in Columbia by Erwin Chargaff.
		Chargaff and his students had been analyzing DNA samples for the relative proportions of their purine and pyrimadine bases.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~jbarski/helix.htm (1115 words)

	Chargaff's Legacy
		Chargaff's main interest in the base cluster phenomenon was that, prior to the emergence of nucleic acid sequencing technology, it provided some measure of the uniqueness of the base order of a nucleic acid.
		Thus, Chargaff's second parity rule is consistent with single strands of DNA having considerable potential for forming secondary structure.
		This observation is suggested by Chargaff's early work on the base composition of total RNA from various species, but his data would then have mainly reflected the compositions of the most abundant RNA form, the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs; Chargaff, 1951; Elson and Chargaff, 1955).
	post.queensu.ca /~forsdyke/bioinfo2.htm (6979 words)

	BOL \| Bücher: Das Feuer des Heraklit von Erwin Chargaff
		Erwin Chargaffs Autobiographie ist die Selbstdarstellung eines gläubigen Zweiflers: er glaubt an die Natur, aber er zweifelt an den Naturwissenschaften, wie sie heute betrieben werden, und zwar radikal.
		Erwin Chargaff, der Entdecker der Basenkomplementarität in der DNS, gilt als einer der Urväter der Gentechnik.
		Chargaff erging es somit ähnlich wie Albert Einstein - vergleichbar Goethes Zauberlehrling wurde er die Geister die er rief nicht mehr los.
	www.bol.de /shop/home/artikeldetails/das_feuer_des_heraklit/erwin_chargaff/ISBN3-608-95134-2/ID3049328.html (328 words)

	How Genetics Got a Chemical Education (Site not responding. Last check: )
		CHARGAFF, E., E. GREEN and F. The composition of the desoxypentosc nucleic acids of thymus and spleen.
		CHARGAFF, E. Chemical specificity of nucleic acids and mechanism of their enzymatic degradation.
		Chargaff has suffered from a number of interviewers, including myself no doubt, and I must put the selfish point of view on this, namely, that to get into the publications of field that you have not been trained in, it is a tremendous advantage to have discussion with the person that did the work.
	crystal.biochem.queensu.ca /forsdyke/bioinfo1.htm (5264 words)

	BIOdotEDU (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A key clue was given by the work of Erwin Chargaff in New York, who spotted a peculiar fact about all the types of DNA he studied; the amount of adenine always equaled the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine always equaled the amount of cytosine.
		He could not explain these "regularities", but today we could tell him that the "Chargaff Rules" are a consequence of the double-stranded nature of the complete DNA molecule.
		This fact was discovered later, when the structure of DNA was finaly worked out, however, Chargaff was the first to discover the "regularity" in the amounts of these four nucleotide bases.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/LAD/C4/C4_DNAPolymer.html (421 words)

	Erwin Chargaff - Ernste Fragen - Perlentaucher.de, Kultur und Literatur Online
		Erwin Chargaff, österreichisch-amerikanischer Biochemiker und Schriftsteller, wurde 1905 in Cernowitz geboren.
		Chargaff arbeitete über Blutgerinnung und Lipoproteine; untersuchte Ende der vierziger Jahre chromatographisch die relative Zusammensetzung von Nucleinsäuremolekülen aus Purin- und Pyrimidinbasen, stellte aufgrund der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse die Chargaff-Regeln auf und schuf damit eine der Voraussetzungen zur Aufstellung des Doppelhelix-Modells durch J.D. Watson und F.H.C. Crick.
		Erwin Chargaff, dessen Leserschaft von Buch zu Buch zunimmt, erweist sich auch mit diesem neuen Werk als einer der anregendsten Publizisten in deutscher Sprache.
	www.perlentaucher.de /buch/2850.html (423 words)

	Erwin Chargaff - Das Feuer des Heraklit - Perlentaucher.de, Kultur und Literatur Online
		Als zentrales Motiv von Chargaffs Autobiografie macht Heidkamp die alte Frage aus, wozu man eigentlich etwas wissen wolle, ob man die Natur erkennen oder sie verschlimmbessern möchte.
		Insbesondere den Beschreibungen von Chargaffs Jugend möchte Heidkamp stundenlang zuhören.
		Ein Extra-Lob spendet Heidkamp den beiden Herausgebern Waltraut und Christian Brückner dafür, dass sie vom gewohnten Verlagsprogramm abgewichen sind, um Chargaffs Stimme aufzuzeichnen.
	www.perlentaucher.de /buch/10261.html (332 words)

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