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Topic: Erythroplakia

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Lesion

Red vs Blue

	Dental
		Leukoplakia, erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia are the chief clinical entities recognized as oral premalignant lesions.
		Erythroplakia is a clinical term that refers to a red patch on oral mucous membranes.
		Biopsy is mandatory for all types of erythroplakia because 91% of erythroplakias represent severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
	blog.case.edu /dubyk/2005/01/14/premalignant_oral_lesions (3608 words)

	Oral Erythroplakia, 1995 paper
		Erythroplakia is an uncommon and subtly innocuous change of the oral mucosa, but it has very specific and identifiable clinical characteristics, specific therapies, and specific prognostic features.
		Erythroplakia is still erythroplakia with or without dysplastic epithelial cells, so long as it cannot be classified as one of the other forms of red mucosal lesions.
		Erythroplakia is a lesion which should be consciously sought for in every oral soft tissue examination of patients older than 35 years of age.
	www.maxillofacialcenter.com /erythro95.html (5016 words)

	Erythroplakia
		The causes of erythroplakia are assumed to be the same as the causes of invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
		Erythroplakia may be admixed with or adjacent to leukoplakia in the mouth, in which case it is usually designated as erythroleukoplakia and considered to be part of the spectrum of leukoplakic lesions or phases (Figure 2D).
		The clinician must also be thorough in his or her clinical examination of adjoining mucosa because erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia are seen adjacent to or part of 33% and 60%, respectively, of all early squamous cell carcinomas of the mouth.
	www.maxillofacialcenter.com /BondBook/mucosa/erythroplakia.html (6765 words)

	2001 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2001 Journal of the California Dental Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroplakia may be defined as "a persistent, velvety red patch that cannot be identified as any other specific red lesion such as inflammatory erythemas or those produced by blood vessel anomalies or infection."
		Thus, erythroplakias tend to be composed of cells that are less mature, more atypical, and of a higher microscopic degree of dysplasia than leukoplakias.
		Something virtually unique in the clinical appearance of an erythroplakia, but which may be difficult to appreciate without good light and a dry field, is a distinctly velvety surface texture (Figure 10).
	www.cda.org /cda_member/pubs/journal/jour0801/premalignant.html (3938 words)

	ACS :: What is oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer?
		Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are terms that describe an abnormal area in the mouth or throat.
		Erythroplakia is a slightly raised, red area that bleeds easily if scraped.
		The seriousness of leukoplakia or erythroplakia in each person can be accurately determined only by a biopsy, a sampling of tissue for examination under the microscope.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp?sitearea=cri (1020 words)

	aarogya.com "The Wellness Site" - Conditions & Concerns - Specialties - Cancer - Oral Cancer
		The floor of the mouth (that area beneath the tongue) is next in order of frequency followed by the insides of the cheeks with involvement of other areas showing a lesser incidence.
		Erythroplakia occurs most often in people 60 to 70 years of age.
		Early diagnosis and treatment of leukoplakia and erythroplakia are important because cancer may develop in these patches.
	www.aarogya.com /Conditions/specialties/cancer/Oral/diagnosis.asp (226 words)

	Answer to Question 1, December 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroplakia (a) is a clinical term defined as a red patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as any other condition.
		Almost all true erythroplakias exhibit a microscopic picture of epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
		Erythroplakia is a disease of adult men and is usually asymptomatic.
	dentistry.ouhsc.edu /intranet-web/ContEd/caseofthemonth/AnsQ1Dec98.html (274 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		erythroplakia - a condition characterized by a red, raised patch that develops inside the mouth.
		However, 51 percent of erythroplakias are found to be cancerous when a biopsy is performed, according to the American Cancer Society.
		Treatment for leukoplakias or erythroplakias may include use of retinoids - medications which are related to vitamin A - to eliminate, reduce, and/or prevent dysplasia from forming.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?pageid=P00716 (2134 words)

	Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are terms applied to clinically identifiable lesions that may harbor invasive cancer or undergo malignant transformation.
		Erythroplakia is characterized by superficial, friable, red patches adjacent to normal mucosa.
		Carcinoma (ranging from in situ to invasive carcinoma) is found in nearly 40% of erythroplakia.
	www.cancernetwork.com /CME/Headneck/Patholog.htm (581 words)

	Tongue Cancer and Mouth Cancer Symptoms
		Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are the most common precancerous lesions.
		Erythroplakia are red patches found inside the mouth.
		Erythroplakia have a velvety surface, and are far less common than leukoplakia.
	www.mouth-cancer-symptoms.com /html/symptoms-of-mouth-cancer.php3 (366 words)

	Dend 312 - Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Long term use of smokeless tobacco is associated with periodontal alterations, caries, epidermal dysplastic changes, and verrucous carcinoma. To achieve resolution, cessation of use os recommended. If normal appearance does not return 14 days after cessation, biopsy is necessary.
		Erythroleukoplakia and speckled erythroplakia have a male predilection, and most lesions are detected in patients older than age 50 years. They may occur at any introoral site but frequently affect the lateral border of the tongue, buccal mucosa, and soft palate. These lesions are often associated with heavy smoking, alcoholism, and poor oral hygiene.
		Actinic cheilosis is considered a precancerous condition. Clinicians should warn the patient of the likelihood of disease progression without the use of sunscreen protective agents. Dysplastic changes should be treated surgically or by topical application of 5-fluorouracil.
	www.cwru.edu /dental/web/cancer/lecture/premalig.html (2771 words)

	ACS :: Can oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer be prevented?
		At one time it was thought that because leukoplakia or erythroplakia often preceded the development of cancer, surgically removing these areas would prevent cancer from developing.
		But recent studies have found that even when these areas are completely removed, people with certain types of erythroplakia and leukoplakia are still at increased risk of developing a cancer in some other area of their mouth.
		This approach is particularly promising for people at increased risk of developing cancer, such as those with aneuploid leukoplakia or erythroplakia.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_Can_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_be_prevented_60.asp?sitearea=CRI&viewmode=print& (555 words)

	ERYTHROPLAKIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Two lesions that could be precursors to cancer are leukoplakia (white lesions) and erythroplakia (red lesions).
		Although less common than leukoplakia, erythroplakia and lesions with erythroplakic components have a much greater potential for becoming cancerous.
		tache rouge du col utérin (erythroplakia portionis Navratil).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /er/erythroplakia.html (306 words)

	Chewing Tobacco, Alcohol, and the Risk of Erythroplakia -- Hashibe et al. 9 (7): 639 -- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers ...
		The adjusted OR for erythroplakia was 19.8 (95% CI, 9.8–40.0)
		58 erythroplakia cases were identified (0.09%; Ref. 12).
		Erythroplakia cases were defined as subjects diagnosed with
	cebp.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/9/7/639 (4186 words)

	IHC Online Cancer Resource Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		erythroplakia [erythroplasia]: a condition in the mucous membrane of the mouth in which a reddened patch appears.
		Although most ulcerations in the mouth are not cancerous, a doctor should be seen for any ulcer that lasts longer than two weeks.
		Erythroplakia is seen most often in heavy smokers and drinkers.
	ihc.cancersource.com /resources/glossary/detail.cfm?ID=882 (164 words)

	E Se il Cancro Fosse un Fungo ?
		In the mouth, there are two main pre-cancerous lesions: leukoplakia and erythroplakia.
		Erythroplakia typically presents as a homogeneous velvety red diffuse macule and may also be associated with white lesions.
		Erythroplakia with multiple small white spots are referred to as speckled leukoplakia.
	www.mednat.org /cancro/cancr_fungo8.htm (1026 words)

	Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Method: A total of 271 lesions (69.8% homogenous and 24.7% non-homogenous leukoplakias and 5.5% erythroplakias) in 218 patients (122 women; mean age: 63.1 yrs.
		The remaining 175 lesions (64.6%)(128 homogenous and 47 non-homogenous leukoplakias and 9 erythroplakias) had no surgical intervention because patients refused or the lesions were considered as having a low risk of malignant development.
		Conclusion: This study confirms that surgical intervention does not prevent malignant development of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia in all cases.
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_46671.htm (286 words)

	Case #17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroplakia is a disease originally described under the name "erythroplasia" by Queyrat in 1911.
		The term "erythroplakia" is used to describe the clinical appearance of a red patch of the mucous membrane which does not represent some specific or nonspecific inflammatory process.
		Once the more innocuous inflammatory lesions are eliminated, most (and probably all) cases of erythroplakia will represent some form of epithelial dysplasia ranging from mild forms to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
	dentistry.ouhsc.edu /intranet-WEB/ContEd/caseofthemonth/98Dec.html (529 words)

	eMedicine News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DELHI (Reuters Health) - Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of premalignant lesions of oral cavity, including leukoplakia and erythroplakia, which appear to be more prevalent in women, according to the results of a study conducted in India.
		Women with diabetes mellitus had more than three times the risk of developing erythroplakia and two times the risk of oral leukoplakia, both premalignant conditions, Dr. Dikshit and colleagues report in the July 27th online edition of the International Journal of Cancer.
		The risks of erythroplakia and leukoplakia were even higher among non-smokers and nonusers of betel nut, indicating the independence of association between diabetes and premalignant oral lesions, the researchers postulate.
	www.emedicine.com /cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/newsitem@/em/news?name=20050812clin010.xml (398 words)

	Leukoplakia and other causes of White skin Patches - Patient UK
		It may be homogeneously white or speckled with red spots (erythroplakia).
		Erythroplakia is a pre-malignant condition with dysplasia shown on histology and if it occurs at a high risk site for oral squamous cell carcinoma such as floor of the mouth or ventrolateral tongue should be treated with great suspicion.
		Various treatments have been tried to prevent the conversion of erythroplakia to malignancy, but none to date have stood the test of randomised controlled trials.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000990 (332 words)

	Medline Publication: A high prevalence of p53 mutations in pre-malignant oral erythroplakia.
		To better understand the etiology of oral erythroplakia, we have examined the p53 tumor-suppressor gene (exons 5-9) for mutations in 24 oral erythroplakia lesions of varying dysplastic phenotypes by PCR/single-strand conformational polymorphism and direct DNA-sequencing analyses.
		A high prevalence of p53 mutation was observed in all categories of erythroplakia lesions: 33% for mildly dysplastic lesions, 50% for lesions exhibiting moderate to severe dysplasia and 50% for lesions that were carcinoma in situ.
		Although the combined prevalence of p53 mutations observed in erythroplakia was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than that observed earlier for leukoplakia, the prevalence of p53 mutations was similar in erythroplakia and leukoplakia specimens from smokers.
	www.fred.psu.edu /ds/retrieve/fred/medlinepub/9935172 (286 words)

	Cancer Spectrum: Medline Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroplakia of the oral cavity is a specific disease entity which must be differentiated from other specific or nonspecific inflammatory oral lesions, although this can only be done in most cases by biopsy.
		A series of 58 cases of oral erythroplakia has been retrieved from 65,354 consecutively accessioned biopsy-surgical specimens.
		The disease was found to have no apparent sex predilection (31 males and 27 females) and was most frequently seen during the 6th and 7th decades.
	jncicancerspectrum.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/medline/pmid;1182656 (252 words)

	Erythroplakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over US$175,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		Erythroplakia is a flat red patch or lesion on the oral or pharyngeal surfaces.
		This page was last modified 23:14, 19 March 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Erythroplakia (61 words)

	Oral (Lip, Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Gland, Mouth) Cancer - James P. Wilmot Cancer Center - Rochester, NY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Early diagnosis and treatment of leukoplakia is crucial, because cancer may develop in these patches.
		Erythroplakia is a red patch that appears in the mouth.
		Early diagnosis and treatment of erythroplakia is crucial, because cancer may develop in these patches.
	www.stronghealth.com /services/cancer/aboutcancer/oral.cfm (577 words)

	OhioHealth Cancer Care Health Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erythroplakia is a red patch that some people get in their mouth.
		People who get erythroplakia are usually between 60 and 70 years old.
		Erythroplakia is a more serious pre-cancerous lesion than leukoplakia, and can lead to cancer in up to 40% of the cases.
	ohiohealth.cancersource.com /LearnAboutCancer/FAQs/index_frame.cfm?DiseaseID=11 (987 words)

	Chapter IV: Premalignant Lesions
		Classification schemes for lesions of the oral cavity typically have used the clinical appearance of lesions to determine which are premalignant.
		An erythroplakia is a red lesion that cannot be classified as another entity.
		Far less common than leukoplakia, erythroplakia has a much greater probability (91%) of showing signs of dysplasia or malignancy at the time of diagnosis.(3) Such lesions have a flat, macular, velvety appearance and may be speckled with white spots representing foci of keratosis.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /cdc/cdc_chapter4.htm (3063 words)

	erythroplakia
		Cancer.gov - What You Need To Know Aboutâ¢ Oral Cancer Another condition, erythroplakia, appears as a red patch in the mouth.
		Morphology and Grade Erythroplakia--red, velvety plaque arising on the mucosa of the oral cavity that cannot be identified as any other condition.
		erythroplakia (eh-RITH-ro-PLAY-kee-a) A reddened patch with a velvety surface found in the mouth.
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/erythroplakia.html (177 words)

	Clinica de Ortodoncia Dr. Arthur Nouel
		Erythroplakia is a well defined lesion of the oral mucosa, of bright red color, velvety or granular surface, that usually presents irregular contours.
		It is commonly located in the buccal mucosa and the soft palate.
		Erythroplakias have a higher malignant transformation potential than leukoplakias.
	www.infocompu.com /adolfo_arthur/ingles/eritroplasia.htm (84 words)

	Recognizing tongue conditions
		·Erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia Erythroplakia appears as a red, velvety-textured, well-defined lesion, and may often appear slightly depressed rather than as a plaque.
		It is rarely found in the mouth as pure erythroplakia and is more commonly found as part of speckled leukoplakia - a mixture of erythroplakia and leukoplakia.
		These lesions are more frequently found to show dysplasia on biopsy than pure leukoplakia and patients should be referred.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /news/story.asp?newsId=305 (2315 words)

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