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Topic: Erythropoietin

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	Erythropoietin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Erythropoietin (or EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that is a growth factor for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow.
		Because the kidneys are the primary source of erythropoietin, chronic renal failure often results in deficiency, and consequently a hypoplastic anemia.
		Erythropoietin is also sometimes given in advance of a surgical operation for patients who cannot or do not wish to receive blood transfusions, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, in an attempt to increase the body's red blood count to an extent sufficient to counteract possible blood loss during the operation without requiring a transfusion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Erythropoietin (1129 words)

	Erythropoietin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Erythropoietin (or EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone It is a growth factor hormone for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow.
		Erythropoietin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to transform into erythrocytes (red blood cells).
		Because the kidneys are the primary source of erythropoietin, often results in deficiency, and consequently a hypoplastic anemia.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Erythropoietin (500 words)

	EPO - Erythropoietin precursor
		Erythropoietin was nevertheless capable of further stimulating CFU-GEMM growth in the presence of optimal concentrations of interleukin-3 and hemin.
		Erythropoietin induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2.
		Erythropoietin and IL-3 induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CrkL and its association with Shc, SHP-2, and Cbl in hematopoietic cells.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/88017.html (4814 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer: Erythropoietin
		Erythropoietin, which is also referred to by the names Epogen, Procrit, erythropoietin alfa, and EPO, is a medicine used to treat a low red blood cell count.
		Erythropoietin has also been used to increase the red blood cell count in patients who are anemic and scheduled to have surgery.
		Erythropoietin starting dose is 300 units per kilogram of body weight per day for 10 days prior to surgery, the day of surgery, and four days after surgery.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_gGEC/is_0011/ai_2699001159 (979 words)

	Diabetes: Erythropoietin and Progressive Kidney Disease
		Erythropoietin treatment lessens the unwelcome effects of hypoxia (lower than normal levels of oxygen in the blood), a principal cause of diabetic eye disease.
		Erythropoietin therapy for those with progressive kidney disease, like any treatment that is not yet supported by the most rigorous possible scientific evidence, is in some ways a therapeutic gamble.
		Erythropoietin in diabetic macular edema and renal insufficiency.
	www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com /articles/diabetes/erythro_4 (1329 words)

	The interaction of iron and erythropoietin
		Erythropoietin therefore is part of a finely-tuned feedback circuit that controls red blood cell levels.
		Erythropoietin is recommended for the treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure (Eshbach, et al., 1991).
		In many instances, the baseline responsiveness to erythropoietin is already hampered by the "anemia of chronic inflammation" as well as primary damage to the erythrocyte producing cells (Goldwasser, et al., 1994).
	sickle.bwh.harvard.edu /iron_epo.html (2239 words)

	Erythropoietin stimulators - [Medication] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Erythropoietin stimulators may be injected into a vein (intravenously, or IV) or under the skin (subcutaneously).
		Anemia often occurs because of a decrease in erythropoietin, a protein produced by the kidneys.
		Erythropoietin stimulators effectively treat anemia by increasing the number of new red blood cells made by your body.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/detail/drug/tv6913/detail.htm (438 words)

	Recombinant erythropoietin in clinical practice -- Ng et al. 79 (933): 367 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		The effect of iv iron alone or in combination with low-dose erythropoietin in the rapid correction of anemia of chronic renal failure in the predialysis period.
		Decreased erythropoietin response in patients with the anemia of cancer.
		Efficacy of erythropoietin in the myelodysplastic syndrome:a meta-analysis of 205 patients from 17 studies.
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/79/933/367 (5632 words)

	Erythropoietin (EPO)
		Plasma erythropoietin is inappropriately low in adult nephrotic syndrome mostly because of renal/urinary loss of the protein and this contributes to the anemia.
		In chronic iron deficiency the level of erythropoietin is increased, but the increase may not be as high as expected for the degree of anemia.
		Erythropoietin response to anemia (excluding renal disease and pregnancy) in older subjects is similar to that of younger subjects.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sr005800.htm (732 words)

	Erythropoietin for anemia in IBD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Response to erythropoietin was inversely correlated with inflammatory activity, as measured by interleukin 1-ß.
		Because of the expense of erythropoietin therapy, and because not all patients respond to this treatment, markers of response are being sought, including baseline erythropoietin levels, response to initial treatment and indices of inflammation, such as the interleukin 1-ß activity.
		Because of the cost of erythropoietin therapy, it will be necessary to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from it, to ensure that other causes of anemia are not ignored, and to determine at what levels of hemoglobin treatment is to be started and stopped.
	www.journalclub.org /vol1/a16.html (1058 words)

	Erythropoietin - HIV: health and medical information about HIV and AIDS
		Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
		It is one of a number of similar glycoproteins that serve as stimulants for the growth of specific types of blood cells in the bone marrow.
		Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
	www.medicinenet.com /erythropoietin/article.htm (333 words)

	Erythropoietin
		Once released, erythropoietin travels to the bone marrow where it binds to a receptor on the surface of committed erythroid progenitors and is internalized.
		Recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa), produced using a mammalian cell line (Chinese hamster ovary cells), is virtually identical to endogenous hormone.
		In one study of 128 patients, for example, erythropoietin resistance was most closely associated with high levels of C-reactive protein, a serum marker of inflammation.
	www.med.howard.edu /pharmacology/handouts/Erthropoetin_Hemo1.htm (4115 words)

	Erythropoietin (Epogen®, Procrit®) - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The primary use of erythropoietin is to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney failure.
		Erythropoietin should not be used in animals with known hypersensitivity or
		Erythropoietin should not be used in animals with uncontrolled high blood pressure.
	petplace.netscape.com /articles/artShow.asp?artID=1504 (477 words)

	Baker Institute : Research : Former Faculty : James MacLeod : Anemia/Erythropoietin: Companion Animal Erythropoietin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The anemia often develops because of an absolute or relative lack of erythropoietin, a hormone responsible for stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
		In chronic renal failure, the diseased kidneys fail to produce sufficient erythropoietin; whereas in certain types of cancer, erythropoietin production and activity may be inhibited by cytokines and chemotherapy drugs.
		Companion animal erythropoietin and other hematopoietic stem cell factors will provide critical reagents for basic scientific discovery programs in stem cell differentiation, growth factor signal transduction, transplant biology, microdelivery systems, gene therapy, and animal models for viral-induced carcinogenesis and immunodeficiency.
	bakerinstitute.vet.cornell.edu /research/macleod/anemia.html (793 words)

	Procrit Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Erythropoietin - RxList Monographs
		Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein which stimulates red blood cell production.
		It is produced in the kidney and stimulates the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow.
		It has a molecular weight of 30,400 daltons and is produced by mammalian cells into which the human erythropoietin gene has been introduced.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/epoetin.htm (331 words)

	erythropoietin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
		While anemia can have many causes, reduced levels of erythropoietin or treatments affecting bone marrow are leading causes.
		There are close to 100 different causes of anemia, including serious illness, vitamin or iron deficiencies, blood loss, genetic or acquired disease, or side effects of medication.
	www.anemia.com /erythropoietin.html (167 words)

	Erythropoietin (EPO) factsheet
		Erythropoietin is a naturally occurring hormone, produced by the kidneys, which stimulates the body to produce more red blood cells.
		Erythropoietin is usually given using a pre-filled syringe or injection pen.
		Erythropoietin will usually be prescribed by your GP but occasionally the hospital will prescribe it.
	www.gosh.nhs.uk /factsheets/families/F000377 (705 words)

	ERYTHROPOIETIN
		Active treatment of this anaemia is clinically desirable given the possibility that reversal may promote regression of LVH and lead to a reduction in cardiac morbidity and mortality.
		These have established erythropoietin as an effective treatment for anaemia in more than 95% of patients with chronic renal failure.
		The increases in haemoglobin and haematocrit seen with erythropoietin therapy are associated with clinical benefits recorded as improvements in quality of life (QOL), functional ability, exercise capacity, vitality, and work capacity.
	www.keele.ac.uk /depts/mm/MTRAC/ProductInfo/summaries/E/ERYTHROPOIETINs.html (990 words)

	Developmental regulation of erythropoietin and erythropoiesis -- Moritz et al. 273 (6): 1829 -- AJP - Regulatory, ...
		In vitro and in vivo regulation of hepatic erythropoiesis by erythropoietin and glucocorticoids in the rat fetus.
		The sheep erythropoietin gene: molecular cloning and effect of hemorrhage on plasma erythropoietin and renal/liver messenger RNA in adult sheep.
		Regulation of the erythropoietin gene: evidence that the oxygen sensor is a heme protein.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/6/R1829 (7486 words)

	The Physiologic Basis for the Pharmacologic Use of Recombinant Erythropoietin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This suggests that the role of erythropoietin in maturing erythroid progenitor cells with respect to differentiation is permissive (as a survival factor) and not instructive.
		Furthermore, the quantity of erythropoietin produced is also insufficient to overcome the suppressive effects of inflammatory cytokines on the proliferative response of erythroid progenitor cells to erythropoietin.
		Before considering the use of recombinant erythropoietin, it is important to exclude correctable causes of anemia such as nutritional deficiency states or lesions that cause bleeding, as well as underlying conditions that predispose to anemia (ie, hypothyroidism).
	www.moffitt.usf.edu /pubs/ccj/v5ns/article5.html (2483 words)

	Erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis -- Goodnough et al. 96 (3): 823 -- Blood
		Erythropoietin therapy in patients on dialysis is associated with the progressive appearance of hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes.
		Erythropoietin response to anaemia is not altered by surgery or recombinant human erythropoietin therapy.
		The endogenous erythropoietin response and the erythropoietic response to blood loss anemia: the effects of age and gender.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/96/3/823 (6165 words)

	NEJM -- Decreased erythropoietin response in patients with the anemia of cancer
		Furthermore, the expected inverse linear relation between serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin and of hemoglobin was absent in the group with cancer.
		The erythropoietin response was further decreased in patients receiving chemotherapy; it was not influenced by the presence or absence of cisplatin in the treatment regimen.
		We conclude that erythropoietin levels are inappropriately low in anemia associated with cancer, and that erythropoietin deficiency may contribute to the development of this form of anemia.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/322/24/1689 (1030 words)

	[No title]
		For erythropoietin the acceptable ratio of absorption at 280 and 260 nm is not less than 1.5 (data of Cilag, Switzerlend).
		C-terminal arginine is removed in the process of normal post-translational erythropoietin modification, which results in the formation of a protein consisting of 165 amino acid residues.
		Carboxy-terminal analysis of 5 different samples of recombinant erythropoietin demonstrated homogenicity of all these samples and the presence of asparaginic acid (165th amino acid) on the C-terminal of the hormone molecule.
	www.potence.de /erythropoietin (6354 words)

	Erythropoietin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		of elevated or depressed levels of erythropoietin in serum can be helpful in assessing therapeutic options for the anemic patient and in the diagnostic evaluation of the patient with erythrocytosis.
		Enzyme immunoassays which can readily quantitate serum erythropoietin levels are currently available.
		In normal patients, serum levels of erythropoietin range from 15-19 miu/ml and can increase 100 to 1000 fold during hypoxia or anemia.
	path.upmc.edu /consult/rla/july1995.html (735 words)

	Predicting Response to Recombinant Human Erythropoietin -- Robert I. and David H. 119 (1): 91 -- Annals of Internal ...
		erythropoietin levels were less than 100 IU/L Table 1.
		Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and zidovudine therapy.
		Abels R, Larholt K, Krantz K, Bryant E. Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) for the treatment of the anemia of cancer.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/119/1/91-a (319 words)

	Erythropoietin: Physiology and Pharmacology Update -- Fisher 228 (1): 1 -- Experimental Biology and Medicine
		Erythropoietin requirement during terminal erythroid differentiation: the role of surface receptors for erythropoietin (Abs).
		Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by the erythropoietin receptor correlates with mitogenesis.
		Erythropoietin induces the activation of STAT5 through association with specific tyrosines on the receptor that are not required for a mitogenic response.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/228/1/1 (7451 words)

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