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	The Militant - April 29, 2002 -- Book tour visits six cities in central Cuba
		'From the Escambray to the Congo' is for the
		Centered in the Escambray mountains, over a period of some six years nearly 4,000 bandits, organized in 299 bands, murdered literacy volunteers, burned villages and sugarcane fields, and terrorized the population.
		The Trinidad presentation of From the Escambray to the Congo was held February 21 in the auditorium of the National Museum of the Lucha Contra Bandidos.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6617/661703.html (3487 words)

	The Cuban Insurrection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The various sugar mills in the province, the DR's previous involvement with the sugar workers in Las Villas province, and the militancy of DR urban cadres in cities and towns close to the mountains was a factor of great importance in the stabilization of the DR's guerrilla front.
		Others went to the mountains but returned to the cities, some because the life of a rural guerrilla was too devoid of "excitement," others because they could not work "ell in groups of 20 or 30 and their individualism was too great a risk to the discipline which must exist in a guerrilla unit.
		In the Escambray Mountains, the students received their baptism of' fire in encounters with the army at Fomento, Saltillo, Hanabanilla, Guinia de Miranda and the two battles of Pedrero, during the spring and summer of 1958.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /cuban-rebels/cuban-insurrection.htm (5138 words)

	What would they find in the Escambray?
		What would they find in the Escambray?, it was our Commander-in-Chief's question when he knew on the very intentions of the last mercenary commando - captured then - that attempted to infiltrate inland through the north of Villa Clara.
		The truth is that in such a wilderness, mainly, Cubans fought and defeated the U.S-sponsored heavy-armed squads, also known as bandits, during the years, an episode releasing casualties of more than 500 of the nation's most beloved sons and economic losses valued at over a billion national pesos.
		In terms of education the Escambray boasts today dozens of rural schools with all levels of teaching available, practically, the vast majority of them were built over these years, including the Highland Agricultural Faculty in Topes de Collantes, almost a chimera for those who lived first hand the reality of life before the '59.
	www.escambray.islagrande.cu /Eng/Bandits/EqueE.htm (777 words)

	The Militant - January 21, 2002 -- 'We wanted to prevent the rich from returning to power' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the early 1960s, he was a commander of the volunteer battalions that fought the U.S-organized counterrevolutionary bands in the Escambray mountains of central Cuba.
		This history of the revolutionary struggle in the Escambray was brought to life in 1999 for new generations of young people in Cuba.
		Witnesses gave testimony in court that in the Escambray, between 1960 and 1965, the bandits were responsible for the deaths of 549 Cubans.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6603/660350.html (2581 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bay of Pigs Invasion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The original plan had called for landing the exile brigade (Brigade 2506) in the vicinity of the old colonial city of Trinidad, located in the central province of Sancti Spiritus approximately 400 km southeast of Havana at the foothills of the Escambray mountains.
		The population of Trinidad was generally opposed to Castro and the rugged mountains outside the city provided an area of operations where the invasion force could retreat to and establish a guerrilla campaign were the landing to falter.
		The mountains were on the other side of the island, and the troops were deployed in swamp land, where they were easily surrounded.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bay-of-Pigs-Invasion (3240 words)

	THE FIRST LEADERS OF THE DEMOCRAT FARMERS' GUERRILLAS EXECUTED IN THE ESCAMBRAY MOUNTAINS
		In the rustic mountains of Escambray, the same as in Vendee during the French revolution, the rebellion against the pre-potent behavior and atheist propaganda of the Communist, exploited soon after 1959.
		In the border of the mountain complex there is the infamous militia garrison La Campana known for the high number of political prisoners executed by the Marxists there.
		When he perceived Castro was a Communist he went up in arms in the mountains of Escambray.
	www.aguadadepasajeros.bravepages.com /english/5leaders_executed.htm (361 words)

	Chronology. (January 1959 - November 1960)
		It was in the hard-to-reach Escambray range, where the U.S. government considered was suitable to spread this new modality of aggression against Cuba due to its geographic and socio-economic conditions.
		Only in the Escambray, 136 gangs were registered that is to say almost half of the total recorded in Cuba by the time.
		This step preceded the dawn of the so-called Limpia del Escambray (A military crusade to capture all terrorists that held clout in the Escambray Mountains in central Cuba) which concluded by mid- April in1961, thwarting plans of a U.S invasion to Cuba through the town of Trinidad.
	www.escambray.islagrande.cu /Eng/Bandits/Fcrono1E.htm (991 words)

	From the Escambray to the Congo: In the Whirlwind of the Cuban Revelution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the Escambray to the Congo: In the Whirlwind of the Cuban Revelution
		From The Escambray To The Congo is a welcome and much appreciated addition to the growing library of personal memoirs and eye-witness accounts of the Cuban Revolution and its aftermath.
		The Escambray mountains in central Cuba were the scene of a bloody five-year-long attempt by Washington-organized groups to undermine the new regime.
	www.textkit.com /0_0873489470.html (937 words)

	ALPHA 66 COMMENTS ON NEWS 1998
		The Escambray Mountains in the central province of Las Villas became the main natural point of resistance to the new regime.
		In those mountains guerrillas had done their work against Batista and were less influenced by Castro, who had been doing his part in the Sierra Maestra Mountains on Oriente Province.
		A fighter in the Escambray against the Batista forces; a tall, strong, young man, raised in a farm near Santa Clara, President of the student body of the Central University “Marta Abreu” in Las Villas Province.
	www.alpha66.org /english/xfiles.htm (2070 words)

	Forty Three Year Struggle Against Castro © 2002 ABIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thousands of families were forcibly evicted from the Escambray Mountains at gunpoint from their properties.
		The cost in human lives of the Escambray Mountains’ revolt against Castro was far greater than in the prior fight against Batista.
		In 1996, a group of uprooted sons and daughters of the massively-evicted 1961 Escambray area peasants challenged Castro's regime by soliciting the Ministry of Justice in Cuba that their parents' properties be returned to them.
	www.nocastro.com /archives/43year.htm (1675 words)

	The Militant - January 14, 2002 -- 'From the Escambray to the Congo: In the Whirlwind of the Cuban Revolution' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the Escambray to the Congo: In the Whirlwind of the Cuban Revolution opens a window on one of the chapters of the revolutionary struggle in Cuba that is neither well known nor understood outside that country.
		But more than half of those counterrevolutionary forces operated in the Escambray, where over 2,000 were killed or captured, and 295 defenders of the revolution--nearly double the number of those who fell at Playa Girón--lost their lives in the struggle against them.
		Complicating the political challenges in the Escambray was the existence of another armed group that presented itself as part of the forces fighting the dictatorship.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6602/660250.html (4291 words)

	Elderhostel : Program Unavailable
		In valleys, marshlands, Northern coast, and tropical mountains, we experience the ecological diversity of western Cuba so cherished by nature lovers as we learn about environmental issues and conservation measures.
		En route from Havana we reach Las Terrazas, a small settlement and eco-center in the midst of the Sierra del Rosario mountains - the first protected area in Cuba to be declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
		The lush Sierra de Escambray - a tropical forest sustained by rainfalls, creeks and waterfalls - is in the eastern corner of Cienfuegos province.
	www.elderhostel.org /Programs/unavailable.asp?part=3722 (618 words)

	NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: LANDSLIDES IN CUBA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Outside of four distinctly mountainous areas, the topography is subdued with elevations less than 100 meters (Faribridge, 1975b).
		A mountainous are known as the Sierra de los Organos is found in the northwest.
		In the east, the Sierra Maestra are badly folded layers of sandstone, shale, breccia, and limestone of Paleocene age.
	isis.uwimona.edu.jm /uds/Land_Cuba.html (641 words)

	Escambray Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Escambray Mountains are off the coast of the western shore of Cuba.
		Categories: Mountain ranges of Central America and the Caribbean
		This page was last modified 01:24, 22 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Escambray_Mountains (49 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cuba
		In the south central region, the Sierra de Trinidad, or the Escambray mountains, tower 1,150 m (3,800 ft) above sea level and overlook the colonial city of Trinidad.
		In the east, Cuba’s tallest mountains are in the Sierra Maestra, topped by Real de Turquino peak at 2,005 m (6,578 ft) above sea level.
		The Sierra Maestra soar near the Caribbean’s Windward Passage, a strip of water that separates Cuba and Haiti.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569844/Cuba.html (1331 words)

	FROM CUBA / Land Is For The Revolutionaries / Víctor Rolando Arroyo / UPECI - Cuba News / Noticias - CubaNet News
		At the end of August, the official met with a group of descendants of people who had fought in the mountains of Escambray, in central Cuba, and that as a result were relocated to this westernmost province and never allowed to go back to their ancestral homes.
		The official called the relocated people a "potential danger to the Cuban government." The residents of the captive towns, all peasants, have never been allowed even the use of land in their new surroundings.
		The residents of the captive towns López Peña, Briones Montoto and others are either ex political prisoneres, or relatives of those condemned to death or killed in combat in the sixties.
	www.cubanet.org /CNews/y00/sep00/06e1.htm (276 words)

	Escambray Mountains - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Escambray Mountains - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 03:17, 24 Mar 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Escambray Mountains contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Escambray_mountains (67 words)

	Executed in Cuba ghi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		García Pino, Ramón: August 1963, executed by firing squad, Escambray mountains, LV.
		Hernández Peréz, Fidel: 15 August 1965, executed by firing squad, Escambray mountains, LV.
		Herrera Santos, Manuel: 17 January 1961, executed by firing squad, Escambray mountains, LV.
	www.aguadadepasajeros.bravepages.com /english/executed_ghi.htm (9675 words)

	Interview With Dr. Miguel Faria, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yes, Myles, the 1960-1965 wars of national liberation against Castro-communism in the Escambray Mountains is another lost chapter of Cuban history, particularly for American readers.
		"The forgotten wars of the Escambray Mountains (1960-1965) — viz., the repeated encirclements by the tens of thousands of communist troops deployed to annihilate the brave bands of anticommunist alzados and their repeated, heroic breakouts from these deadly encirclements; the capture and execution of prisoners, etc. — were not reported by the U.S. media.
		During the Escambray rebellion, a virtual genocide with relocation camps was conducted against the campesinos (peasants) who aided the alzados.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2002/6/13/172659.shtml (2598 words)

	The Militant - March 18, 2002 -- Drive to sell 'From the Escambray to the Congo' is launched
		They are also making initial progress in introducing the new Pathfinder title to buyers at bookstores in a number of cities, broadening the number of places where workers and youth can find the book.
		In local areas supporters of Pathfinder are taking goals for sales of From the Escambray to the Congo between March 16--the first of the regional meetings in the United States publicized on page 1--and early June.
		Through the course of this sales effort, socialist workers and YS members are utilizing From the Escambray to the Congo to bring a revolutionary perspective and a deeper understanding of the Cuban Revolution to those who purchase the book on the job, at literature tables set up in workers district, Pathfinder bookstores, and political events.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6611/661150.html (1135 words)

	Cuba Junky - Sancti Spiritus - Escambray Mountains - Topes de Collantes
		or massif of Guamuhaya: mountain range that is characterized by steep peaks and deep valleys, the exuberance of vegetation, endemism of species of flora and fauna, cave systems, beautiful landscapes, pure and transparent rives and streams that make up picturesque waterfalss and crystalline ponds.
		The visit to this mountains also allow to know about the rural life associated to the growing of coffee and other agricultural activities.
		Of course you can drive your own car to the beginning of the Escambray, but to reach the trails, alot of them you have to take a truck which you can arrange in Trinidad by an organised tour.
	www.cuba-junky.com /sancti-spiritus/escambray.htm (1263 words)

	GRANMA INTERNAtIONAL DIGITAL, CUBA ENGLISH
		BY the end of April 1957 the Revolutionary Directorate (DR) had been virtually decimated in its leadership structure, its underground organization had been blown and the few survivors who were keeping things going were isolated, surrounded and without resources.
		And amen to its reach as a constant focus of agitation, consistent struggle and political development, essential factors for a victory that could not be won in the short term.
		Influenced by these ideas in parallel with the labor of reorganizing and extending the damaged underground structure, I began to organize the budgets to open a guerrilla front in that region involving the insurrectional organizations of the 26th of July Movement and the Authentic Organization (OA).
	www.granma.cu /ingles/feb03/ju13/6escamb.html (1259 words)

	FROM CUBA: Looking For Her Father's Burial Place For 35 Years / Grupo Decoro - Cuba News / Noticias - CubaNet News
		Ibáñez's father fought in the guerilla war against the present Cuban government between 1961 and 1965 in the Escambray mountains, in central Cuba.
		Presumably, he was buried somewhere in the same mountains.
		In the early 60's the Cuban government evacuated all the peasants from the Escambray area in order the deprive the guerillas of their base of supply.
	www.cubanet.org /CNews/y00/mar00/17e7.htm (245 words)

	Cuba - Barb Derbowka
		Away from the coast, the rugged and mountainous province is renowned for its natural beauty and was described by Christopher Columbus as "the most beautiful land eyes have ever seen." Visitors can explore the region in a variety of natural and safari parks.
		Cienfuegos is also sheltered by the Gua-muhaya Mountains, an area in which tourists can view forests, waterfalls and caverns.
		Escambray mountains and the Hanabanilla lake: Great area for adventure tours, nature trails and trout fishing.
	www.exclusivevacations.com /Barb/cuba.htm (3905 words)

	MERC: American Soldiers of Fortune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		War in the Escambray mountains was brutal and vicious.
		The Second Front of the Escambray and other revolutionary organizations were dissolved, the rebels being given the option of becoming part of the regular-now "revolutionary"--armed forces.
		He was the mastermind of the uprising in the Escambray mountains before the Bay of Pigs, something he has never received credit for.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /morgan/morgan-merc.htm (7121 words)

	Tea & Coffee 09/01 - Cuba: A Once-Proud Coffee Industry Falls On Hard Times (Cont)
		These locations provide a comfort zone for the coffee bean, with 55 to 70 inches of rain and moisture evenly distributed during the year, deep and rich soils, and temperatures ranging from 21 degrees Celsius in the winter up to 25 degrees Celsius in the summer.
		Cuban coffees are classified as Crystal Mountain, Extraturquino, Turquino, Altura, Montana, Cumbre, Serrano superior, Serrano corriente and Caracolillo (oval-shaped).
		The finest of these is Crystal Mountain, which is now being sold on the Japanese market.
	www.teaandcoffee.net /0901/special2.htm (1594 words)

	43-Year Struggle Against Castro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In January 1960, a group of peasants — frustrated by the abuses of the communist-leaning Castro revolution — went into the Escambray Mountains in the first open revolt against the regime.
		In 1996, a group of uprooted sons and daughters of the massively evicted 1961 Escambray area peasants challenged Castro's regime by soliciting the Ministry of Justice in Cuba for the return of their parents' properties.
		José Martí, the 19th century Cuban patriot, said, "To gaze idly at a crime is to commit it." Meanwhile, the people in Cuba continue to suffer as a result of this criminal silence.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2002/6/20/111610.shtml (1808 words)

	History of II Frente - Alpha 66 - M. R. P. June, 1965.
		The Second National Front of the Escambray (II Frente) was organized 10 November 1957 at Banao, Las Villas Province, in the Escambray Mountains by Eloy Gutierrez Menoyo, Jesus Carreara, Domingo Ortega Gomez, Evarado Salas Valdes, Anastasio Cardenas and others.
		By late December 1961, Menoyo was able to announce that powerful guerrilla units had risen up in Cuba on November 10, 1961, and that II Frente Nacional del Escambray was again functioning as a military force in the Escambray mountains.
		This rebellion or insurrection however, must be sparked and led from the outside by elements in exile, as has always been the case in Cuba to provide the leadership, and to provide the impetus and organization to the revolt by their return.
	cuban-exile.com /doc_351-375/doc0358.html (2307 words)

	The Cuba Free Press Project - El Proyecto Cuba Prensa Libre
		Consequently, the Cuban authorities had the idea of removing families from the Escambray mountains.
		He remembers that it was in the Miramar area where the families brought from the Escambray mountains were concentrated.
		We learned that he came from a town in the province, a town that had been built by the people brought from the Escambray in the 60's.
	www.cubafreepress.org /art2/cubap000526a.html (1230 words)

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