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Topic: Esen Tayisi

	Esen Tayisi Information
		Esen Tayisi was a 15th century prince of the Oirat (also known as the Kalmyks), best-known for capturing the Zhengtong Emperor after the Battle of Tumu Fortress.
		Esen actually waited to present this ransom demand, as well, not doing so until he could bring a more substantial force to the vicinity of Peking, and taking fully six weeks from the time of the emperor's capture to effect that deployment.
		Esen Tayisi was slain in 1454, the year following his assumption of the title of khan, by the son of a political opponent whom Esen had had killed.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Esen_Tayisi (1318 words)

	Tumu Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In July 1449 Esen Tayisi (也先) of the Oyirad Mongols launched a large-scale three-pronged invasion of China.
		The emperor was captured, and on September 3 was sent to Esen's main camp near Xianfu.
		Esen, for his part, was quite unprepared either for the scale of his victory or for the capture of the Ming emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Tumu_Fortress (617 words)

	Battle of Tumu Fortress - Wikinfo
		The Battle of Tumu Fortress (Chinese 土木堡之變 tu3 mu4 bao3 zhi1 bian4) was frontier conflict between Mongolia and the Chinese Ming Dynasty leading to the capture of Zhengtong Emperor of China on September 8 1449 by an utterly wrong deployment.
		In August (the 7th month of the Chinese lunar calendar) Esen Tayisi (也先 ye3 xian1) of the Oyirad Mongols attacked the Chinese frontier with several thousand cavalry at Datong castle (today Datong County, Shanxi Province), located north and without protection of the Great Wall of China.
		After Esen faked a complete withdrawal back to the Mongolian steppes the emperor and Wang Zhen ran right into an ambush by chasing the Mongolian to the west and arrived at Datong.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Battle_of_Tumu_Fortress (1126 words)

	Oirats - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The greatest ruler of the Dörben Oirat was Esen who was tayishi of the dominant West Mongolian tribe, the Olöt.
		Esen led the Dörben Oirat from 1439 to 1454, during which time he unified Mongolia (both Inner and Outer) under his rule.
		In 1449 Esen Tayisi mobilized his cavalry along the Chinese border and invaded the Ming Empire, defeating and destroying the Ming defenses at the Great Wall and the reinforcements sent to intercept his cavalry.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Oirat (1235 words)

	INEX: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Oyirad)
		Esen Tayisi led the Oyirads from 1439 to 1454, during which time he unified Mongolia under Oyirad rule.
		In 1449 Esen Tayisi invaded the Ming Empire and captured the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu.
		Khoo Örlög Tayisi of the Torghuuds, and Dalai Batur of the Dörvuuds, led their people westward at the beginning of the 17th century.
	infao5501.ag5.mpi-sb.mpg.de:8080 /topx/archive?link=Wikipedia-Lip6-2/192420.xml&style (1053 words)

	Kalmyk
		In 1439 Esen Tayisi of the Oyirads succeeded his father Toghon Tayisi.
		Esen Tayisi conquered Mongolia and subjugated the Jurchen.
		Esen Tayisi was killed in the next year and Kalmyks withdrew from Mongolia.
	www.governpub.com /Languages-K/Kalmyk.php (484 words)

	Oyirad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In 1439 Esen Tayisi of the Oyirads succeeded his father Toghon Tayisi.
		Esen Tayisi conquered Mongolia and subjugated the Jurchen.
		Esen Tayisi was killed in the next year and Kalmyks withdrew from Mongolia.
	en.efactory.pl /Oirad (489 words)

	Oyirad -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In 1439 (additional info and facts about Esen Tayisi) Esen Tayisi succeeded his father Toghon Tayisi, who was the de facto dictator of the Oyirad.
		He killed the nominal (A title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries) Khan and became the Khan in 1453, although he was not a descendant of Genghis.
		However Esen was killed by a follower in the next year and his empire immediately fell apart.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/oy/oyirad.htm (885 words)

	East Wind, Again: China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Asia. Peter C. Perdue. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Esen in 1443 took over his father's title of Tayisi, or military assistant to the Grand Khan.
		Esen first focused on the Prince of Hami, who was a Mongol normally loyal to China.
		Finally, when Esen moved against Datong, the key strongpoint of the Great Wall in Shanxi, Wang Zhen persuaded the emperor to lead personally a huge army, said to be 500,000 men, against Esen.
	carvenrailing.blogspot.com /2007/03/china-marches-west-qing-conquest-of.html (797 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Toluid Khanate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Esen was a prince of the Oirats and was one of the greatest of the non Borjigid leaders of the Mongols.
		Esen Tayisi managed to unify Mongolia under the Oirats IRL, but since they weren't fractured by the collapse of Yuan in Interregnum, a different opportunity would be necessary for him.
		Esen Tayisi was killed in real life in 1454, so lets say that these events take place in the 1460s (seriously, every time I play, the AI Ming takes those three provinces almost immediately so we don't need to worry about that part triggering).
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=312320 (3881 words)

	Rxpress - Oyirad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Esen Tayisi led the Oyirads from 1439 to 1454, during which time he unified Mongolia under Oyirad rule.
		In 1449 Esen Tayisi invaded the Ming Empire and captured the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu.
		Khoo Örlög Tayisi of the Torghuuds, and Dalai Batur of the Dörvuuds, led their people westward at the beginning of the 17th century.
	www.rxpresspharmacy.com /wiki/index/Kalmyks (963 words)

	The history of this Genghis Khan Painting - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Illustrative of this history of confrontation is the Oirat/Kalmyk epic song, "The Rout of Mongolian Shulum Ubushi Khong Tayiji," about the war between the Oirats and the first Altan Khan of the Khalkha.
		Esen Tayisi led the Oirats from 1439 to 1454, during which time he unified Mongolia under Oirat rule.
		He was deposed only after attempting to claim the title of khan to which, among the Mongol tribes of that time, only members of Genghis Khan's family could be elected.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9214 (2149 words)

	Battle of Tumu Fortress
		Esen faked a complete withdrawal back to Mongolian steppes; the emperor and Wang Zhen ran right into an ambush by chasing the Mongolian to the west and arrived at Datong.
		In the night of September 3 (Chinese lunar calendar: 8th day of the 8th month), Esen wiped out all defense and sieged the Datong castle.
		Struck by an thunderstorm and hugh drop of morale, the Chinese army was caught on the north side of a barrack, the Tumu Fortress, in the morning of September 8 (Chinese lunar calendar: 13th day of the 8th month).
	www.wordlookup.net /ba/battle-of-tumu-fortress.html (455 words)

	Tumu Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A huge army (perhaps as many as 500,000 men) was hastily assembled.
		On 3 August Esen's army crushed a badly supplied Chinese army at Yanghe, just inside the Great Wall on 3 August.
		The Mongol victory was won by an advance guard of only 20,000 cavalry and the result of Chinese incompetence.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tumu-Crisis.htm (667 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Mongol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		desc = "Esen Tayisi succeeded his father Toghon Tayisi, who was the de facto dictator of the Oyirad.
		Esen for his part was quite unprepared either for the scale of his victory or for the capture of the Ming emperor.Esen at first attempted to use the captured emperor to raise a ransom."
		desc = "Esen killed the nominal Khan and became the Khan in 1453, although he was not a descendant of Genghis.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=194125 (10878 words)

	Esen Did You Mean esen? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Add a link on the top of this esen page Express submission by secure payment !
		Esen is a town in Diksmuide, a part of Belgium.
		Page Esen cached on Monday 30th of July 2007 11:21:52 PM Compteur gratuit
	www.did-you-mean.com /Esen.html (136 words)

	file:///V:/ENGLISH/FULLTEXT/FULLTXT/EPT/MISC/Kuijp.txt
		where we read that "on the sixteenth day of the eighth month of the iron-male-horse year [1450, the Yingzong emperor] was taken prisoner by the Mongol minister A-san Thang-shri [= Esen Taishi] (lcags pho rta lo zla ba brgyad pa'i tshes bcu drug la / hor gyi blon po a san /["/" must be omitted!
		Chen (1986: 73) correctly has it that thang-shri reflects Chinese taishi.
		For this title, see H. Serruys, "The Office of Tayisi in Mongolia in the Fifteenth Century," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 37 (1977): 353-80, especially pp.
	ccbs.ntu.edu.tw /FULLTEXT/JR-EPT/kuijp.htm (4854 words)

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	www.amazines.com /Esen_Tayisi_related.html (248 words)

	The showdown is coming. \| Redstate
		It didn't, at least not how you might expect.
		Altan Khan, Kokes Manchus, Esen Tayisi are some people you might find interesting.
		The most effective aspect of the Great Wall was the series of manned signal towers, to warn of an advance and impending attack/penetration.
	www.redstate.com /story/2006/4/28/13022/3949 (8670 words)

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