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Topic: Eskimo Aleut languages

	AllRefer.com - Eskimo-Aleut (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Eskimo-Aleut, family of Native American languages consisting of Aleut (spoken on the Aleutian Islands and the Kodiak Peninsula) and Eskimo or Inuktitut (spoken in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia).
		Aleut is the language of a few thousand people, and Eskimo is native to over 100,000 people.
		Eskimo and Aleut have enough similarities to justify the theory that they are descendants of a single ancestor language.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/EskimoAl.html (359 words)

	Encyclopedia: Eskimo-Aleut languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Eskimo-Aleut is a language family native to Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, and parts of Siberia.
		Eskimo is a term used for a group of people who inhabit the circumpolar region (excluding circumpolar Scandinavia and all but the easternmost portions of Russia).
		Inuvialuktun is an indigenous language of Canada, spoken by a portion of the Inuit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Eskimo_Aleut-languages (597 words)

	Aleut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Aleuts constructed barabaras, partially underground houses that functioned well, as Lillie McGarvey, a 20th-century Aleut leader, wrote “keeping occupants dry from the frequent rains, warm at all times, and snugly sheltered from the high winds peculiar to the area”.
		The Aleut Restitution Act of 1988 was an attempt by Congress to compensate the survivors.
		It is related to the Inuit and Yupik languages spoken by the Eskimo.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/al/Aleut.htm (375 words)

	Eskimo-Aleut languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It consists of the Eskimo languages, known as Inuit in the north of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, as Yup'ik in the west of Alaska, and as Yuit in Siberia, on the one side, and the single Aleut language on the other.
		However, recent research suggests that Yup'ik by itself is not a valid node, or, equivalently, that the Inuit dialect continuum is but one of several languages of the Yup'ik group.
		According to Joseph Greenberg's highly controversial classification of the languages of Native North America, Eskimo-Aleut is one of the three main groups of Native languages spoken in the Americas, and represents a distinct wave of migration from Asia to the Americas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inupik (287 words)

	Learn more about Language families and languages in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Most languages are known to belong to language families (called simply "families" for the rest of this article).
		Language families can be subdivided into smaller units, conventionally referred to as "branches" (because the history of a language family is often represented as a "tree" diagram).
		Thus, provincial dialects of Latin ("Vulgar Latin") gave rise to the modern Romance languages, so the Proto-Romance language is more or less identical with Latin (if not exactly with the literary Latin of the Classical writers), and dialects of Old Norse are the protolanguage to Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Icelandic.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/la/language_families_and_languages.html (483 words)

	Vowels (from Eskimo-Aleut languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Eskimo consists of two divisions: Yupik, spoken in Siberia and southwestern Alaska, and Inuit, spoken in northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
		Aleuts speak two mutually intelligible dialects and are closely related to the Eskimo in language and culture.
		A language family that covers a broad geographical region and a vast historical period, the Semitic language group is part of an even larger language family known as Afro-Asiatic, or Hamito-Semitic.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-75298?tocId=75298 (706 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Inuit
		Inuit, also referred to as Eskimo, several Arctic peoples inhabiting Nunavut and small enclaves in the coastal areas of Greenland, Alaska, and...
		Eskimo Dog, any of several mixed breeds of large working and hunting dogs of northern North America, particularly Labrador and Greenland, related to...
		Eskimo-Aleut Languages, family of at least six languages spoken across the Arctic from Siberia eastwards across Alaska and Canada to Greenland.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Inuit.html (83 words)

	2005-2006 UAF Catalog
		Eskimo languages are spoken by far northern people from the northeastern tip of Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, to East Greenland.
		The Eskimo languages include the four Yup'ik languages of Alaska and Siberia as well as Inuit, the Alaskan sector of which is called Inupiaq.
		Eskimo languages are the linguistic heritage of more than half of Alaska's Native population.
	www.uaf.edu /catalog/current/programs/eskimo.html (352 words)

	Language/eskimo words for snow derby
		Languages vary quite drastically in how the base units of meaning (morphemes) are combined into words, if they're combined at all, and our common notion of "word" needs clarifying.
		The Eskimo languages are at the other extreme, and are the prototypical example of a polysynthetic language[2], wherein one word contains several elements of the situation.
		The Eskimo languages use derived words extensively, and there are fewer than 2,000 base stems in the West Greenlandic dialect[1] With all that said, I'll just present some word lists and let everyone come up with their own opinion...
	tafkac.org /language/eskimo_words_for_snow_derby.html (792 words)

	An exercise in etymology
		Historical relationships among languages are generally determined on the basis of reconstructed word forms as common ancestors to cognates in the daughter languages.
		Aleut, spoken in the Aleutian islands, is more distantly related to the other Eskimo languages.
		The different spellings in the Germanic languages seen in the chart below for the word all approximate the same pronunciation: in phonological parlance, the first vowel is a high front short vowel, and the second vowel is an unstressed high back rounded one.
	www.hum.uit.no /a/svenonius/lingua/history/iglu.html (1021 words)

	The Eskimo-Aleut language of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I decided to investigate this particular language family because even though I know some about the Eskimo language of Inuktitut, I do not know anything about the Aleut and Yupik languages derived from this language family.
		Which Eskimo dialect you speak also seems to have an impact on the number of words used for snow as does the fact that Eskimo is polysynthetic.
		In her article, the author mentions that there are two Eskimo languages (Yupik and Inuktitut) which are spoken from Greenland to Siberia.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Aleut.Malena.HW2.htm (575 words)

	Open Directory - Science:Social Sciences:Linguistics:Languages:Natural (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is the subcategory for languages native to Australia and the Torres Straits Islands.
		The Austronesian language family is one of the most widely, geographically distributed language groups extending from Madagascar in the west, Easter Island in the east, Hawai`i in the north and New Zealand in the south.
		The Kordofanian languages are spoken primarily in Sudan.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/desc.html (1874 words)

	Native American Languages
		When such correspondences are discovered, the languages being compared are judged to have a historical connection, either genetic--because of descent from a common ancestor--or through language contact and the consequent "borrowing" of words.
		While most languages have accusative case systems like that of English (opposing grammatical categories of subject and object), active systems in which the same morpheme is used to indicate the object of a transitive verb and the subject of a stative verb are not uncommon.
		Alaskan languages and some as far south as California have Russian loans, for instance, dating from the time of extensive trade with Russia, and borrowings from Spanish are common throughout California, the Southwest, and, of course, Latin America.
	www.indians.org /welker/americas.htm (1965 words)

	Central Yup'ik and the Schools
		Major presentations on the Yup'ik language and culture were made at the Department's summer institute on Bilingual/Special Education, Fairbanks, 1983, by John Pingayak of the Chevak Schools and by Steven Jacobson, Assistant Professor of Eskimo, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
		It is universally held true that all languages are equal in their ability to convey the thoughts of anyone speaking them, that all are effective and valid means of communication.
		The relationship between Aleut and the Eskimo languages is roughly as close as that between, for example, English and Russian (both in the Indo-European family).
	www.alaskool.org /language/central_yupik/yupik.html (9017 words)

	Smithsonian Institution, Anthropology Outreach Office: American Indian Languages References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		One influential classification grouped all of the languages of North America into six stocks, but recently specialists have questioned the validity of studying such larger units of relationship before the histories of the individual families are understood.
		However, Guarani is one of the national languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), and Nahuatl (Aztec) and various Mayan languages are the majority languages of extensive regions of Mexico and Guatemala as is Quechua in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
		In addition, Greenlandic Eskimo is one of the two official languages of Greenland (together with Danish) and is used in all levels of local administration including the Greenland Parliament.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/outreach/indian_l.htm (808 words)

	iahessay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Language only can offer substantial communication within the culture it defines if it is meaningful, interpreted and understood by a given community.
		Language is the aid humans use to express how they view the external world in its entirety.
		The Eskimo language is a dialect spoken by coastal native people from the east of Siberia to Greenland.
	www.msu.edu /~joneslar/iahessay.htm (1150 words)

	Inupiaq and the Schools, A Handbook for Teachers
		The second branch of the Eskimo language family, Inuit or Inupiaq is considered a single language which extends across the arctic regions of the western hemisphere from the Bering Strait to Greenland.
		Many young people barely spoke their native language while they were away from home, so that they got into the habit of conversing mostly in English and remained with language skills which would traditionally have been appropriate only to children, since in all languages child speech matures naturally as the speaker nears adulthood.
		If the youngest generation does not speak a language, this indicates that the language is not being passed on in the way it has traditionally been during its entire past history, as all languages are passed on from parent to child, assuring the continuity of language.
	www.alaskool.org /language/inupiaqhb/Inupiaq_Handbook.htm (9770 words)

	Stephenson:Neal:Snow Crash:Raven - Metaweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The word atlatl is derived from a Nahuatl (the Aztec language) word for spearthrower.
		The homeland of the Aleuts includes the Aleutian Islands, the WikiPedia:Pribilof Islands, the WikiPedia:Shumagin Islands, and the far western part of the WikiPedia:Alaska Peninsula.
		The Aleut Restitution Act of 1988 was an attempt by United States Congress to compensate the survivors.
	www.metaweb.com /wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Raven (1524 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Paleoasian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Luorawetlan (Chukotka-Kamchatka) languages - a family of languages spoken by the native population of the Chukotka and Kamchatka peninsulas.
		Eskimo-Aleut languages - a family of languages spoken in the Chukotka Peninsula and the Bering Island (Russia), in Alaska and the Aleut Islands (USA), in the northern regions of Canada and in Greenland.
		The Chukchi, Eskimo, Koryak and Nivkh written languages were created in the 1930's (first on the Latin, later Russian script).
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_paleoaz.html (140 words)

	Eskimo on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In spite of regional differences, Eskimo groups are surprisingly uniform in language, physical type, and culture, and, as a group, are distinct in these traits from all neighbors.
		They speak dialects of the same language, Eskimo, which is a major branch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages.
		Eskimo Joe's Burger Joint Is the Big Man on Oklahoma State University's Campus.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/Eskimo.asp (456 words)

	Aleut and Pacific Eskimo (from Arctic) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Aleut and Pacific Eskimo (from Arctic) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is believed by some authorities to be representative of a pure breed 25,000 to 50,000 years old and by others to be descended from wolves.
		Once only explorers, traders, and Inuit, or Eskimo, hunters were interested in the vast, icy area at the “top” of the world.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-57877 (878 words)

	Inuktitut language - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The language is a member of theEskimo-Aleutgroup of languages.
		It is related to the Aleut language, and together they form the Eskimo-Aleut family;while this has no proven wider affinities, some postulation hastaken place as to the relation of Inuktitut to the Indo-European languages and to theNostraticsuperphylum.
		Also, according to the Charter of the French Languagein Quebec, Canada,Inuktitut is the official language of instruction for Inuit schooldistricts in Nunavik(northern Quebec).
	www.aaez.biz /?t=Inuktitut_language (672 words)

	Eskimos
		Eskimos are racially distinct from American Indians, and are not, as previously believed, merely “Indians transformed.” In fact, the Eskimos are most closely related to the Mongolian peoples of eastern Asia.
		Eskimos along the Pacific coast probably obtained much of their food by fishing for salmon, while the Central Eskimos of Canada subsisted mainly on caribou.
		Eskimo groups lived in various types of shelters, including semi-subterranean sod houses and tents made of caribou skins.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0002155.html (395 words)

	Public Anthropology
		The Aleut findings show that there may be earlier divisions of these dialects that link them to the Northern Coast Indians, rather than the common belief that the Aleut have one language with two dialects.
		It appears, from the article, that Eskimo skeletons are closely related to those of Northern Coast Indians, and that the Aleut skeletons are closer to Native Americans tribes like the Apache.
		Most languages seem to follow physiology, with blue and green being the last colors to be discriminated.
	www.publicanthropology.org /Archive/Aa1987.htm (10629 words)

	Aleut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Aleut UNANGAM TUNUU, one of two branches of the Eskimo-Aleut languages.
		A third dialect, Attu, now extinct in Alaska, survives on Bering Island (one of the Komandor Islands) in a creolized form that incorporates Russian verbal inflections.
		Aleut is spoken from the Alaska Peninsula through Umnak Island and on Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands, on the Pribilof Islands north of the Aleutians, and on Bering Island.
	www.flw.com /languages/aleut.htm (77 words)

	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		The exclusion of such languages from this report is not intended to imply any bias whatsoever against such “immigrant” languages or their speakers.
		For each language, first the name of the language is given in English, followed by the original name of the language in its natural spelling, with a transliteration into Latin letters in parentheses where the original language does not use the Latin script.
		In some cases, especially in the case of the “lesser-used” languages, this information may have been inferred from the preferred quotation marks used by a “dominant” language in the area in which the “lesser-used” language is found.
	www.evertype.com /alphabets (3504 words)

	Repertoires of characters
		Some of Europe's languages (particularly in the Caucasus) still have no tradition of writing and so are not represented in the main body of the report; though other information on them is provided in Annex C for the sake of completeness.
		For some of these languages, the populations speaking them are rather large; some of the languages with standard orthographies have very small numbers of speakers.
		Some languages, such as Welsh, treat a string of two characters as a single letter for alphabetizing: thus, for Welsh "a b c ch d...", all words beginning with "ch" follow all words beginning with "cy" and precede words beginning with "da".
	www.evertype.com /standards/tc304wg2/p11 (2415 words)

	Eskimo
		Eskimo, a general term used to refer to a number of groups inhabiting the coastline from the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Chukchi Peninsula in NE Siberia.
		Eskimos - The Eskimos are the most widely dispersed group in the world still leading a partly aboriginal way...
		Eskimo: Eskimo Culture - Eskimo Culture Particularly when compared to other hunting and gathering populations, Eskimo groups...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0817691.html (271 words)

	Glenn Humphries' tree of sino-tibetan languages
		Other languages which were influential to the develpment of a language will be noted parenthetically.Please be aware that some of the oldest language names denote the geographic region where that language was spoken rather that what the speakers of the language called their language.
		This is a simplified diagram of the relationship of various modern and obsolete languages showing their development throughout history from various older languages, mostly now extinct.
		PROTO SINO-TIBETAN ASIATIC (A theoretical language of unknown origin) "Proto Sino-Tibetan Asiatic" languages could possibly be divided into about five groups; the Ainu language, the Gilyak language, the Eskimo-Aleut languages, the Chukchi-Kamchadal languages, and the the Sino-Tibetan languages.
	glenn.humphries.com /sinotibetan.htm (291 words)

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