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Topic: Eskimo kinship

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Hawaiian kinship

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Kinship and descent

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	Eskimo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eskimo or Esquimau is a term used for a group of people who inhabit the circumpolar region (excluding circumpolar Scandinavia and all but the easternmost portions of Russia).
		There are two main groups of Eskimos: the Inuit of northern Alaska, Canada and Greenland and the Yupik of western Alaska and the Russian Far East (the latter group is known as Siberian Yupik or Yuit).
		The Eskimos are related to the Aleuts and the Alutiiq from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska as well as the Sug'piak from the Kodiak Islands and as far as the Prince William Sound in South Central Alaska.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eskimo (780 words)

	Eskimo kinship - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Eskimo system places no distinction between patrilineal and matrilineal relatives, instead focusing on differences in kinship distance (the closer the relative is, the more distinguished).
		The Eskimo system is comparatively rare among the world's kinship systems and is at present used in most advanced Western societies (such as those of modern-day Europe or North America).
		While the term "Eskimo" has now dropped out of favor and is generally considered to be somewhat offensive, keep in mind that the system was named during the Victorian era.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /eskimo_kinship.htm (388 words)

	Family article - Family group marriage adoption degree kinship anthropologists Family - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between genders (this is the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generation (this is the difference between a sister and a mother).
		Eskimo: has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to gender and generation, also distinguishes between lineal relatives (who are related directly by a line of decent) and collateral relatives (who are related by blood, but not directly in the line of descent).
		This kinship terminology is common in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families must be relatively mobile.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Family (2030 words)

	Eskimo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Eskimo are the native inhabitants of the seacoasts of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of North America and the northeastern tip of Siberia.
		Courage and hardihood were emphasized in the training of young Eskimo, as was a strong sense of fatalism in facing the disappointments and frustrations of life, such as the death of loved ones.
		Traditional Eskimo subsistence patterns were closely geared to the annual cycle of changing seasons, the most important feature of which was the appearance and disappearance of solid ice on the sea.
	www.alaskan.com /docs/eskimo.html (3170 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Eskimo (Yupik/Inupiat/Inuit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Eskimo and Aleut peoples occupy the northern North American coastline and nearby islands from Prince William Sound in south central Alaska westward and northward in Alaska, across the Bering Sea to St. Lawrence Island and eastern Siberia, and around the continental Arctic coast eastward across Canada to Quebec, Labrador, and on to Greenland.
		Eskimos follow a scheduled annual round of subsistence activities often correlated with the presence of animals during their seasonal migrations.
		The Yupik Eskimos formerly celebrated the Bladder Feast, which was a propitiation and a demonstration of respect for the seals caught during the year.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_011300_eskimo.htm (2314 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Eskimo (Yupik.Inupiat/inuit)
		The Yupik Eskimo formerly celebrated the Bladder Feast, which was a propitiation and a demonstration of respect for the seals caught during the year.
		Eskimos believed that animals would give themselves voluntarily to the hunter who acted properly toward them, and the purpose of many ritual practices was in fact to show respect for and give thanks to the spirits of animals taken for food.
		Another Eskimo belief was that the spirits of whales, after spending time in the human community, returned to their home under the sea and reported on the human behaviors they had observed to the other whales, their reports, in turn, had an effect on the spring whale hunt.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/eskimo-yupik-inupiat-inuit.html (2208 words)

	Family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes (this is the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generation (this is the difference between a child and a parent).
		Eskimo: has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to sex and generation, also distinguishes between lineal relatives (who are related directly by a line of descent) and collateral relatives (who are related by blood, but not directly in the line of descent).
		Societies in different parts of the world and using different languages may share the same basic terminology; in such cases it is very easy to translate the kinship terms of one language into another, although connatations may vary.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Aunt (2425 words)

	Eskimo kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Michigan Kinship Care Resource Center Goal is to provide support for the well-being of kinship families in the state of Michigan.
		Eskimo Bob Bob is an Eskimo who lives with his friend Alfozno in the Arctic.
		Eskimo Joe's Twenty three years ago Eskimo Joe's opened in Stillwater, and printed up a few t-shirts to spread the word.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Eskimo_kinship.html (602 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Glossary of Terms
		a kinship link created by marriage, such as the bond between a man and his wife and her family (in-laws).
		in a kinship diagram, the individual to whom all relationships are referred.
		Kinship is based on marriage, descent, and, occasionally, fictive relationships as well.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/glossary.htm (2011 words)

	AusAnthrop: Australian Aboriginal kinship and social organization
		Kinship and social organisation are, in this respect and certainly in Australia, the privileged domain through which such recognition can be accomplished, either because it is implicitly expected by the legal system, or because it is one of the most efficient mechanisms for the inclusion of members among indigenous groups themselves.
		Kinship today is understood as a much more broader domain as it was 30 years ago, where genealogies and formal models were supposed to demonstrate cross-cultural similarities, while, at least for some researchers, underlining simultaneously cultural specificities.
		Kinship encompasses the norms, roles, institutions and cognitive processes referring to all the social relationships that people are born into or create later in life, and that are expressed through, but not limited to, an etic biological idiom.
	www.ausanthrop.net /research/kinship/kinship2.php (4179 words)

	Encyclopedia: Eskimo kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology.
		Hawaiian kinship (also referred to as the Generational system) is a kinship system used to define family.
		While the term "Eskimo" has now dropped out of favor and is generally considered to be somewhat archaic, or even offensive, keep in mind that the system was named during the Victorian era.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Eskimo-kinship (1026 words)

	Systematic Kinship Terminologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lewis Henry Morgan, a 19th century pioneer in kinship studies, surmised that the Hawaiian system resulted from a situation of unrestricted sexual access or "primitive promiscuity" in which children called all members of their parental generation father and mother because paternity was impossible to acertain.
		The Eskimo system is marked by a bilateral emphasis - no distinction is made between patrilineal and matrilineal relatives - and by a recognition of differences in kinship distance - close relatives are distinguished from more distant ones.
		Another feature of Eskimo terminology is that nuclear family members are assigned unique labels that are not extended to any other relatives, whereas more distant relatives are grouped together on the basis of collateral degree.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/kinterms/termsys.html (732 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Kin Naming Systems (Part 1)
		No kinship distinction is made between uncles, aunts, and cousins with regard to side of the family.
		The Eskimo kin naming system is found mainly in societies that use the bilateral principle of descent and that strongly emphasize the nuclear family over more distant kinsmen.
		The Eskimo system is one of the simplest, despite the fact that it is found among some of the most technologically complex societies.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/kinship_5.htm (692 words)

	Eskimo kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eskimo kinship is a kinship system usedto define family.
		The Eskimo system places no distinction between patrilineal and matrilineal relatives,instead focusing on differences in kinship distance (the closer the relative is, the more distinguished).
		The Eskimo system is comparatively rare among the world's kinship systems and is at present used in most advanced Westernsocieties (such as those of modern-day Europe or North America).
	www.therfcc.org /eskimo-kinship-3722.html (328 words)

	Kinship and descent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kinship and descent have a number of legal ramifications, which vary widely between legal and social structures.
		More importantly, kinship and descent enters the legal system by virtue of intestacy, the laws that at common law determine who inherits the estates of the dead in the absence of a will.
		Rules of kinship and descent have important public aspects, especially under monarchies, where they determine the order of succession, the heir apparent and the heir presumptive.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/descendants.html (514 words)

	ESKIMO KINSHIP FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Identified by Louis_Henry_Morgan in his 1871 work ''Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family'', the Eskimo system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese).
		The Eskimo system is comparatively rare among the world's kinship systems and is at present used in most advanced Western societies (such as those of modern-day Europe or North_America).
		While the term "Eskimo" has now dropped out of favor and is generally considered to be somewhat archaic, or even offensive, keep in mind that the system was named during the Victorian_era.
	www.brolgas.com /Eskimo_kinship (355 words)

	Eskimo kinship -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eskimo kinship (also referred to as Lineal kinship) is a (State of relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption) kinship system used to define ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera) family.
		The (The language spoken by the Eskimo people) Eskimo system places no distinction between patrilineal and matrilineal relatives, instead focusing on differences in kinship distance (the closer the relative is, the more distinguished).
		While the term "Eskimo" has now dropped out of favor and is generally considered to be somewhat offensive, keep in mind that the system was named during the (Click link for more info and facts about Victorian era) Victorian era.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Es/Eskimo_kinship.htm (408 words)

	Inuit / Eskimo Society
		Eskimo tribes can not even be viewed as political entities, but instead can be seen as a generalization for geographical groups which shared similar languages and customs (2,161).
		Eskimo punishments were not created to reprimand the criminal, but instead were efforts to reestablish the desired peace (2, 164).
		The Eskimo believed that the universe was at harmony with its elements and that the natural and supernatural powers possessed a neutral position towards man. They believed the shaman had the power to influence events such as weather, food and illnesses.
	www.astronomy.pomona.edu /archeo/alaska/eskimo.html (1180 words)

	Eskimo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eskimo is a term used for a group of people who inhabit the circumpolar region (excluding circumpolar Scandinavia and all but the easternmost portions of Russia) There are two main groups of Eskimo: the Inuit of northern Alaska, Canada and Greenland and the Yupik of western Alaska and the Russian Far East.
		The Eskimos are related to the Aleuts who live on the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
		Kinship culture also differs east and west, as eastern Inuit lived with cousins of both mother and father, but western Inuit lived in paternal kinship groups.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/es/Eskimo.htm (517 words)

	kinship glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		collateral degree- a system of calculating kinship distance as the minimum number of linkages from either of two relatives to their most recent common ancestor.
		Eskimo terminology- a system of kin terms which groups relatives together on the basis of collateral degree; a collateral merging system.
		fictive kinship-the assignment of kinship status to someone who is not related by descent or marriage.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/glossary.html (1026 words)

	Read about Eskimo kinship at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Eskimo kinship and learn about Eskimo kinship here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eskimo kinship (also referred to as Lineal kinship) is a
		The Eskimo system is comparatively rare among the world's kinship systems and is at present used in most advanced Western societies (such as those of modern-day
		While the term "Eskimo" has now dropped out of favor and is generally considered to be somewhat offensive, keep in mind that the system was named during the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Eskimo_kinship (335 words)

	Eskimo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The word ''Eskimo'' in English is of uncertain origin, but probably came from a French languageFrench word, ''Esquimaux'', to English.
		It is entirely possible that the Ojibwa have adopted words resembling ''Eskimo'' by borrowing them from French, and the French word merely ''sounds'' like the Ojibwa word for "eaters of raw meat." Furthermore, since Cree people also traditionally consumed raw meat, a pejorative significance based on this etymology seems unlikely.
		You may know that Tim Fleiszer is a first-year Edmonton Eskimo who previously played two years with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, three years with the Montreal Alouettes and two more with the Ottawa Renegades.
	www.infothis.com /find/Eskimo (683 words)

	Kinship Terminological Classifications based upon Cousin Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A common way to classify kinship term usage is to base the classifications on the pattern of terms employed for individuals in ego's own generation; that is, on how siblings and cousins are referred to by ego.
		And, while the Iroquois are a well-known matrilineal society, not all societies with Iroquois kinship terms are matrilineal.
		Eskimo terminology is the most often used in European and Euro-american societies.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~hmcgee/ANT302/id31.htm (262 words)

	Northridge, California; 1964
		I checked one voluminous Eskimo kinship study and found a 32 percent error in marriages alone: the investigator simply had not known who was who.
		In another instance, an Oblate missionary forwarded to me a list of Eskimo kinship terms requested by an itinerant anthropologist; he asked that I locate the man whose name he had forgotten.
		Knud Rasmussen and Peter Freuchen combined fieldwork with genius; the world knows the Eskimo through their books, not because they were the first to publish, which they weren't, but because they experienced man and left us intense, beautiful revelations.
	faculty.virginia.edu /phantom/ync.html (1003 words)

	The Ultimate Hawaiian kinship - American History Information Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Hawaiian system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese).
		The Hawaiian system is named for the pre-contact kinship system of peoples in the Hawaiian Islands.
		This form of kinship is most common in societies where economic production and child-rearing are shared.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Hawaiian_kinship (202 words)

	The Tapestry of Culture \|
		kinship terminology system associated with matrilineal descent groups, avunculocal residence, and extended families; the same term may be used for members of different generations
		kinship terminology that distinguishes between lineal and collateral relatives, emphasizes individual nuclear families, neolocal residence, kindreds, bilateral descent and the absence of descent groups
		kinship terminology system that distinguishes between father's and mother's sides, differences between lineal and collateral relatives are ignored, generational differences are recognized; is associated with virilocal or uxorilocal residence, extended families, and unilineal descent
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072830255/student_view0/chapter6/glossary.html (896 words)

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