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Topic: Esmolol

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	Esmolol -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol (tradename Brevibloc®) is a cardioselective (additional info and facts about beta-blocker) beta-blocker given by slow (The act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe) injection into the (A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; all veins except the pulmonary carry unaerated blood) veins.
		It is fast-acting, but also acts for only a short period of time; its primary use is for (An abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart) cardiac arrhythmias.
		Esmolol prevents the action of two naturally occurring substances: (A catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses) noradrenaline and (A catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action) adrenaline.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/es/esmolol.htm (130 words)

	esmolol comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol is a short-acting beta-blocking agent that is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia or tachycardia for a short-term period (24 to 48 hours).
		Esmolol is also used for rebound hypertension following repair of aortic coarctation.
		Return to Esmolol, Home Page, A to C, D to H, I to M, N to Q, R to U, or V to Z.
	www.edsorangebook.com /Drugs%20D%20to%20H/esmolol_comments.htm (286 words)

	Karger Publishers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol infusion was started with loading doses of 500 µg/kg/min for 1 min and 150 µg/kg/min for 4 min, followed by a maintenance infusion of 50-100 µg/kg/min.
		Esmolol infusion was continued until the tachycardia was terminated or the maximal dose of 100 mg was reached.
		Compared to the dosage that was determined before esmolol infusion, the lowest effective dose of adenosine remained the same in 13 patients after the end of esmolol infusion, whereas the dose increased in 5 and decreased in 1 patient.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=63330 (553 words)

	Brevibloc Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Esmolol - RxList Monographs
		(esmolol HCl) is a beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilizing activity at therapeutic dosages.
		BREVIBLOC (esmolol HCl) is rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ester linkage, chiefly by the esterases in the cytosol of red blood cells and not by plasma cholinesterases or red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase.
		Total body clearance in man was found to be about 20 L/kg/hr, which is greater than cardiac output; thus the metabolism of BREVIBLOC is not limited by the rate of blood flow to metabolizing tissues such as the liver or affected by hepatic or renal blood flow.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/esmolol_cp.htm (1108 words)

	Esmolol Bolus for the Control of Tachycardia and Hypertension Resulting from Laryngoscopy and Intubation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Utilizing a double blind experimental design, the effectiveness of one milligram per kilogram body weight of esmolol (an ultra-shortacting beta blocker) in controlling the tachycardia and hypertension that results from laryngoscopy with subsequent intubation was compared to a placebo of normal saline.
		The esmolol or placebo was given on induction of general anesthesia with intubation approximately two to three minutes later.
		Heart rates and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the esmolol group one minute after intubation at the 0.05 level.
	www.hamot.org /newweb/hsa/abstracts/abs008.htm (207 words)

	Cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of esmolol during induction of anesthesia -- Murthy et al. 26 (5): 351 -- The ...
		Sixteen subjects scheduled for surgical procedures under general anesthesia participated in an investigation of the effects of esmolol on the transient hypertension and tachycardia that was observed during endotracheal intubation and on the duration of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade.
		In eight subjects, infusion of esmolol was begun five minutes before induction of anesthesia and continued for 12 minutes after induction.
		Infusion of esmolol significantly attenuated the cardioacceleration observed during intubation without any significant effect on the pressor effects of the procedure.
	www.jclinpharm.org /cgi/content/abstract/26/5/351 (225 words)

	Compatibility of esmolol hydrochloride with morphine sulfate and fentanyl citrate during simulated Y-site ...
		The compatibility and stability of esmolol hydrochloride in admixtures during simulated Y-site injection of morphine sulfate or fentanyl citrate was studied.
		To determine the stability of the drugs during Y-site injection, esmolol hydrochloride 4 mL (1000 mg) in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection was combined with 100 mL of either morphine sulfate 15 mg/mL or fentanyl citrate 0.05 mg/mL to simulate concentrations of the drugs that might be expected during Y-site injection.
		Under all of the conditions studied, esmolol hydrochloride in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection is compatible with morphine sulfate or fentanyl citrate.
	www.ajhp.org /cgi/content/abstract/45/2/368 (320 words)

	Medication Errors
		Esmolol HCl (Brevibloc Injection) is available in dilute form for direct intravenous injection and concentrated form for preparation of intravenous infusion solutions.
		Esmolol HCl is indicated for the rapid control of ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in the perioperative, postoperative, or other emergent circumstances when short-term control of ventricular rate with a short-acting agent is desirable.
		It is also indicated in noncompensatory sinus tachycardia when in the physician's judgment the rapid heart rate requires specific intervention and for the treatment of tachycardia and hypertension that occur during induction and tracheal intubation during surgery, on emergence from anesthesia, and in the postoperative period.
	www.fda.gov /medbull/mederror.html (760 words)

	Esmolol prevents movement and attenuates the BIS response to orotracheal intubation{dagger} -- Menigaux et al. 89 (6): ...
		of esmolol or saline to laryngoscopy, with a coefficient of
		Esmolol decreased the incidence of movement in response to laryngoscopy
		esmolol, by attenuating the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/857 (2595 words)

	Effect of hypothermia and sampling site on blood esmolol concentrations -- Jacobs et al. 33 (4): 360 -- The Journal of ...
		Esmolol hydrochloride was administered by constant-rate continuous infusion to 10 patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery revascularization surgery.
		Esmolol concentrations were measured in arterial and venous blood samples collected before and after bypass and in samples taken from the inflow and outflow ports of the membrane oxygenator during bypass.
		There was no difference between esmolol concentrations measured simultaneously from the inflow and outflow ports of the membrane oxygenator during bypass, but radial arterial esmolol concentrations before and after bypass were on average about sevenfold higher than forearm venous esmolol concentrations during the esmolol infusion.
	www.jclinpharm.org /cgi/content/abstract/33/4/360 (361 words)

	CHEST: Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol, an ultra-short-acting intravenous [beta]-blocker, has cardioselectivity similar to metoprolol, and has been reported to be safe and effective in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias.[9-13] Its characteristics include a distribution half-life of 2 min, elimination half-life of 9 mins, and a duration of action of 5 to 10 min.
		Although a number of reports have noted the usefulness of esmolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias, information specifically addressing its dose and therapeutic responses in the treatment of MAT are lacking.
		Efficacy and safety of esmolol vs propranolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias: a multicenter double-blind clinical trial.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n6_v101/ai_12407550 (1123 words)

	Ready-to-use esmolol solution - Patent 6310094
		Esmolol hydrochloride is a short-acting beta-blocker used for treatment or prophylaxis of cardiac disorders in mammals.
		The stability of esmolol in water is mediated by the rate of acid/base hydrolysis of the labile aliphatic methyl ester group.
		Esmolol hydrochloride is present in the instant composition in an amount ranging from 0.1-100 mg/ml, preferably 1-10 mg/ml.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6310094.html (1764 words)

	Esmolol: a novel cardioselective, titratable, intravenous beta-blocker with ultrashort half-life -- Covinsky 21 (4): ...
		Esmolol: a novel cardioselective, titratable, intravenous beta-blocker with ultrashort half-life -- Covinsky 21 (4): 316 -- The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
		Esmolol is an ultrashort-acting, cardioselective, intravenous beta-blocker with an elimination half-life of about nine minutes.
		Esmolol is also effective in attenuating life-threatening perioperative tachycardia and hypertension caused by adrenergic stimulation in high-risk patients.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/21/4/316 (138 words)

	Esmolol - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol slows down a fast heart rate and reduces high blood pressure.
		Esmolol is for injection or infusion into a vein.
		Esmolol is only for short-term use and will be administered as long as is necessary.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,8002\|Esmolol,00.html (516 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: A comparison of esmolol & diltiazem for heart rate control during coronary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Group A received a 500 (mu)g/kg loading dose of esmolol followed by a 100 (mu)g/kg/h infusion, for control of heart rate during surgical anastomosis of the coronary vessel.
		We concluded that although esmolol provided dramatically slower heart rates, during surgery, the resulting elevations in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance would require caution if used in patients with underlying right ventricular dysfunction from ischaemia or infarction.
		Esmolol is in common use clinically for heart rate control in patients undergoing coronary revascularisation without bypass, without use of cardioplegia on cardiopulmonary bypass and for ministernotomy and minithoracotomy procedures4.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_199911/ai_n8874392 (1131 words)

	Esmolol
		Hypersensitivity to esmolol or any component of the formulation; sinus bradycardia; heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; bronchial asthma; uncompensated cardiac failure; hypotension; pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters)
		Esmolol, a beta-1 selective beta-blocker, can be cautiously used in patients with bronchospastic disease.
		Esmolol: Hemodynamic effects of beta-blockade return to baseline within 20-30 minutes after discontinuing esmolol infusions.
	www.musc.edu /pharmacyservices/Drugs/E/Esmolol.htm (747 words)

	Brevibloc Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Esmolol - RxList Monographs
		(esmolol HCl) is a beta 1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent with a very short duration of action (elimination half-life is approximately 9 minutes).
		Esmolol HCl is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
		It is a relatively hydrophilic compound which is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/esmolol.htm (227 words)

	Data Sheet
		Esmolol Hydrochloride 10 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml injections are clear, colourless to slightly yellow, sterile 10 ml solutions.
		BREVIBLOC (esmolol HCl) is rapidly metabolised by hydrolysis of the ester linkage, chiefly by the esterases in the cytosol of red blood cells and not by plasma cholinesterases or red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase.
		Supraventricular Tachycardia: BREVIBLOC (esmolol HCl) is indicated for the rapid control of ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in perioperative, postoperative, or other emergent circumstances where short term control of ventricular rate with a short-acting agent is desirable.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/Datasheet/b/Breviblocinj.htm (3965 words)

	Chest: Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia.
		The following is a report of our experience with esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT).
		We successfully terminated this dysrhythmia in a 79-year-old patient refractory to digoxin and verapamil who had begun to develop angina as a result.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:12407550&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (215 words)

	Comparison of sodium nitroprusside versus esmolol for the treatment of hypertension following repair of coarctation of ...
		Epinephrine/norepinephrine: 17 h postoperative epinephrine values differ significantly from the initial measurements analyzed in the total number of patients and in the esmolol group, while statistical significance was not found in the nitroprusside group.
		Esmolol infusion during nitroprusside-induced hypotension: impact on hemodynamics, ventricular performance, and venous admixture.
		Esmolol as an adjunct in the treatment of systemic hypertension after operative repair of coarctation of the aorta.
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/2/111 (2145 words)

	Effect of a single dose of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS) during propofol/fentanyl anaesthesia -- ...
		Effect of a single dose of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS) during propofol/fentanyl anaesthesia -- Berkenstadt et al.
		Esmolol reduced SAP in both groups (Table 1).
		Low-dose esmolol bolus reduces seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy: a double blind, placebo-controlled study.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/3/509 (1256 words)

	Antinociceptive and cardiovascular properties of esmolol following formalin injection in rats -- Davidson et al. 48 ...
		Efficacy of esmolol versus alfentanil as a supplement to propofol- nitrous oxide anesthesia.
		Esmolol hydrochloride for management of the cardiovascular stress responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
		Comparison of the efficacy of esmolol and alfentanil to attenuate the hemodynamic responses to emergence and extubation.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/48/1/59 (2361 words)

	(S-418) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Esmolol, a short-acting beta 1-receptor antagonist, is often used for perioperative control of heart rate and blood pressure.
		The purpose of this study is to compare the cardiovascular effects of esmolol in the presence of different anesthetics in chronically instrumented dogs.
		Hemodynamics were continuously recorded before and after administration of esmolol at dose of 0.25, 1 and 2 mg/kg (n=7-8 for each dose).
	www.iars.org /abstracts/abstracts/S386/S418.htm (316 words)

	SIBUTRAMINE
		If therapy is required, a short acting, cardioselective agent such as esmolol is generally preferred.
		Esmolol is a short acting beta-adrenergic blocking agent with negative inotropic effects.
		Esmolol may be hazardous in patients with bronchospastic disease (asthmatics, COPD) or myocardial depression.
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /sibutramine2.htm (2876 words)

	(Esmolol)
		* Digoxin: Esmolol can be used concomitantly with digoxin.
		Digoxin blood level in adult volunteers increased by 10-20%, whereas esmolol kinetics were not affected by Digoxin.
		* Morphine: Morphine Kinetics were unaffected - Esmolol blood levels increased by 46% (adult volunteers).
	www.metrohealth.org /clinical/NICU/html/Esmolol.htm (243 words)

	Chest : Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chest : Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia.
		Start / C / Chest / June 01, 1992 / Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia.
		Read 'Chest: Esmolol in the treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia.' with a FREE Trial for instant access »
	static.highbeam.com /c/chest/june011992/esmololinthetreatmentofmultifocalatrialtachycardia/index.html (216 words)

	Esmolol Drug Information - uses, side effects, precaution for Esmolol
		Esmolol is a fast acting beta-blocker and is only given by slow injection into the veins.
		Esmolol is used for temporary control of heart rate and blood pressure.
		Esmolol is indicated as a medicine for Supraventricular, tachycardia, peri operative tachycardia and hypertension.
	www.diseasesatoz.com /esmolol.htm (504 words)

	IngentaConnect Esmolol versus diltiazem in atrial fibrillation following coronar... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The average duration of the esmolol and diltiazem infusions were 19.3 ± 8.5 h and 20.1 ± 11.3 h, respectively.
		The overall incidence of adverse effects was 44% with esmolol and 60% with diltiazem (p = 0.04).
		Esmolol was associated with fewer adverse effects than diltiazem, including adverse effects leading to drug discontinuance.
	api.ingentaconnect.com /content/libra/cmro/2003/00000019/00000005/art00002 (361 words)

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