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Topic: Esophageal speech

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	Esophageal speech takes time and effort to learn, and the artificial larynx sounds mechanical. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Esophageal speech takes time and effort to learn, and the artificial larynx sounds mechanical.
		The alternative to esophageal speech is to obtain an artificial source of vibration.
		An advantage of this over esophageal speech is that longer sentences can be produced, and little practice is needed.
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s71_folder/tsld043.htm (218 words)

	Esophageal speech - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In esophageal speech it is thus the esophagus that oscillates in contrast to normal (laryngeal) speech where the vocal folds oscillate.
		Esophageal speech is thus produced without an artificial larynx, and is achieved by learning to pump air from the mouth into the upper esophagus.
		In esophageal speech, pitch and intensity correlate: a low-pitched voice is produced with low intensity and a high-pitched voice is produced with high intensity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esophageal_speech (646 words)

	Speech pathology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Speech pathology, also termed speech-language pathology and speech and language therapy (SLT, mainly in the UK) is the study of disorders that affect a person's speech, language, cognition, voice disorders and swallowing disorders.
		In the United States, Speech Language Pathology practice is regulated by the laws of the individual states.
		Children who are identified in school as having a speech disorder or difficulty learning language are often referred to an SLP.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Speech_pathology (622 words)

	Speech Summary
		Speech perception, the process by which we employ cognitive, motor, and sensory processes to hear and understand speech, is a product of innate preparation ("nature") and sensitivity to experience ("nurture") as demonstrated in infants' abilities to perceive speech.
		Speech can be described as an act of producing voice through the use of the vocal cords and vocal apparatus or other means, such as sign language, to create linguistic acts in the form of language that communicate information from an initiator to a recipient.
		Speech is a composite of sciences (phonetics, anatomy, philosophy, psychology etc.) and therefore it is extremely hard to master the skill.
	www.bookrags.com /Speech (2200 words)

	[No title]
		Esophageal speech is considered the “method of choice” for rehabilitation after total laryngectomy.
		Esophageal speech has the advantage of not requiring digital closure of the stoma but the disadvantage of a long and difficult, complicated learning process.
		Patients were trained to acquire esophageal speech or use the electrolarynx in addition to the tracheoesohageal speech valve in order to provide a backup mode of communication.
	www.speechpathology.com /articles/pf_article_detail.asp?article_id=272 (2882 words)

	Health Leaflet
		Esophageal speech can be a convenient, efficient, and natural means of communication, but it requires considerable practice.
		Speech units can be longer, louder, and more variable in pitch than with standard esophageal speech, but not all people who have had a laryngectomy are suitable candidates for voice prosthesis.
		Esophageal talkers may also use an artificial larynx i certain settings, for example, in urgent or stressful situations, during a cold, or in noisy places.
	www.healthtouch.com /bin/EContent_HT/hdShowLfts.asp?lftname=ASLHA051&cid=HTHLTH (568 words)

	Esophageal voice for voice rehabilitation at www.orl.nl
		Esophageal speech is based on the technique in which the patient transports a small amount (±75 ml) of air into the esophagus.
		With the inhalation methods of esophageal speech the patient creates a pressure in the esophagus that is lower compared to the atmospheric pressure.
		Advantages of esophageal speech are the cost aspect since it does not require expensive devices and prostheses, hands-free speech and a more natural sounding voice compared to electrolarynx assisted speech.
	www.orl.nl /Voice_Rehabilitation/Rehabiliation/Esophageal_voice/esophageal_voice.html (305 words)

	Laryngeal Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Esophageal Speech : Following a laryngectomy, a person is unable to speak by exhaling air from the lungs through the mouth.
		Using esophageal speech, a person takes air in through the mouth, traps it in the throat, and then releases it.
		Esophageal talkers may still keep an artificial larynx for use in certain situations, e.g., in noisy places where their esophageal speech is not loud enough to be heard.
	www.asha.org /public/speech/disorders/Laryngeal-Cancer.htm (1103 words)

	Speech Disorders \| AHealthyMe.com
		Speech disorders affect the language and mechanics, the content of speech, or the function of language in communication.
		Because speech disorders affect a person's ability to communicate effectively, every aspect of the person's life can be affected, for example, the person's ability to make friends, and to communicate at school or at work.
		Stuttering Stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency that frequently interrupts the flow of speech.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic103549734 (2145 words)

	Buffalo Hearing & Speech Center - Speech & Language Pathology Department - Laryngectomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		That is, the structures used to articulate or pronounce speech sounds such as the lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jaw generally remain unimpaired.
		Esophageal speech is produced without the aid of any mechanical devices.
		The prosthesis directs air for speech from the trachea into the esophagus where the structures of the esophagus and throat are vibrated to produce voice.
	www.askbhsc.org /speech_adults_laryngectomy.html (656 words)

	JPMA ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Patients ability to produce speech (yes or no), the quality of the speech (good, fair or poor), whether they used the device as a primary or a secondary means of communication or not at all, were assessed.
		It reduces the trauma to the pharyngeal wall and the rise in sphincter tone of the upper esophageal segment during oesophageal insufflation.
		Pharyngeal plexus neurectomy for a laryngeal speech rehabilitation.
	jpma.org.pk /jpma/12dec05/fulltex6.htm (1565 words)

	Speech disorders
		Speech disorders affect the language and mechanics, the content of speech, or the function of language in communication.
		Because speech disorders affect a person's ability to communicate effectively, every aspect of the person's life can be affected, for example, the person's ability to make friends, and to communicate at school or at work.
		Stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency that frequently interrupts the flow of speech.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/speech_disorders.jsp (2124 words)

	ACS :: Speech After Laryngectomy
		There are several kinds of speech rehabilitation available to the patient after a total laryngectomy (removal of the voice box)...
		Esophageal speech can also produce a more "normal" sounding voice but it can be sometimes harder to understand.
		Tracheo-esophageal speech is similar to esophageal speech, but it uses a device to re-direct air from the trachea (windpipe) into the esophagus.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/MBC/content/MBC_3_2X_Speech_After_Laryngectomy.asp?sitearea=MBC (668 words)

	Communicative Medical - Speech Options
		Take the example of "Lucy" whose doctor insisted that she learn esophageal speech, the "gold standard." After earnest attempts and years of frustration, Lucy was unsuccessful in acquiring anything past a pharyngeal squeak.
		John's esophageal speech is too soft and inaudible and despite his desire to have hands free communication, he is forced to use an electrolarynx.
		Whichever speech modality is used, it should be one that is completely functional and one that is a best match between the person, the device, and/or the technique.
	www.communicativemedical.com /reprints/speech_options.htm (1096 words)

	CHAMPUS Policy Manual - Speech Therapy
		Speech therapy is specifically excluded under the provisions of DoD 6010.8-R except when prescribed by a physician and rendered as a part of active treatment addressed to the physical defect itself and not to any educational or occupational deficit.
		Esophageal speech training is covered when the patient has had vocal cord surgery (laryngectomy) or radiation treatment.
		Speech therapy which extends beyond 30 individual or group (or a combination of individual and group) sessions per year must be justified with a report from the speech therapist which documents the goals of treatment and which extablishes that the patient is making reasonable pregress toward those goals.
	www.listen-up.org /htm2/chpolicy.htm (825 words)

	VOICE REHABILITATION AFTER LARYNGECTOMY 12/96
		Esophageal Speech Esophageal speech has been used as a method of voice restoration for over 100 years.
		The advantages of esophageal speech include it is less conspicuous than the artificial larynx, it requires no batteries, does not sound mechanical, and does not require hands.
		Speech is produced by articulation of this sound at the oral cavity.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/vocrehab.htm (2330 words)

	Laryngeal Cancer: Nose and Throat Cancers: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Speech requires a source of sound waves (vibrations) and a means of shaping those vibrations into words.
		For esophageal speech, a person is taught to swallow air into the esophagus and gradually expel the air, as in a belch, to produce a sound.
		Esophageal speech is difficult for the person to learn and may be hard for other people to understand, but it requires no surgery or mechanical accessories.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec19/ch223/ch223b.html (1024 words)

	Headlines - June 2003
		Take the example of "Lucy" whose doctor insisted that she learn esophageal speech, the "gold standard." After earnest attempts and years of frustration, Lucy was unsuccessful in acquiring anything past a pharyngeal squeak.
		John's esophageal speech is too soft and inaudible and despite his desire to have hands free communication, he is forced to use an electrolarynx.
		Whichever speech modality is used, it should be one that is completely functional and one that is a best match between the person, the device, and/or the technique.
	www.webwhispers.org /Headlines/Headlines_jun03.htm (2605 words)

	An overview of vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy
		Although esophageal speech many not be easy to acquire, it has the advantages of not requiring a surgical procedure or prosthesis, and it is devoid of any complications.
		Although its acquisition is often a long process demanding close participation of both the patient and the speech therapist, it provides the patient with a very satisfying independence, which does not exist when the patient has to rely on a voice prosthesis.
		Whatever method is chosen to rehabilitate the laryngectomee, it is important that he be motivated and encouraged by a team comprising the surgeon, the speech therapist, and someone from the local laryngectomee association.
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=15001 (2775 words)

	Speech Therapy
		The Wheeling Hospital Speech Pathology Department provides comprehensive diagnostic testing, evaluation and remediation of a variety of communication disorders in both children and adults.
		Speech and Language Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment for both children and adults suspected of having communication problems and difficulties.
		Speech intelligibility may be poor and very difficult to understand.
	www.wheelinghospital.com /Healthcare/speechtherapy.htm (814 words)

	gms \| \| Improvement of postlaryngectomy esophageal speech rehabilitation after pharyngeal constrictor myotomy
		Esophageal voice is an inexpensive, non-invasive rehabilitation method that does not require artificial device.
		Esophageal speech requires the patient to inject or inhale air into the esophagus and expel the air through the surgically created pharyngo-esophageal (PE) segment.
		This study was undertaken to determine the effect of myotomy on the results of esophageal speech rehabilitation.
	www.egms.de /en/meetings/dkk2006/06dkk364.shtml (461 words)

	Speech/Language Pathology
		Motor speech disorders are impairments of speech arising from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system.
		The incidence of dysarthria (a disturbance of motor function of speech) is greater in the later course of the disease.
		A stroke is an injury that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery, depriving the brain of blood and oxygen, therefore causing brain cells to die.
	www.altru.org /serviceslocations/speech.htm (961 words)

	[No title]
		The TE Speech intelligibility of laryngectomies who use TE speech as their primary mode of communication was evaluated by twenty listeners.
		Studies comparing TE speech to esophageal speech, artificial larynx and normal speech have shown that generally TE speech is more understandable then artificial larynx and esophageal speech.
		TE speech is an excellent method of voice rehabilitation and is highly recommended, but further research on improving our methods of voice rehabilitation in laryngectomies is indicated.
	www.utmb.edu /oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Tracheoesophageal_Speech_1993.txt (1597 words)

	eMedicine - Laryngectomy Rehabilitation : Article Excerpt by: Lori E Lombard, PhD
		The 3 basic options for voice restoration after TL are (1) artificial larynx speech, (2) esophageal speech, and (3) tracheoesophageal speech.
		Proficiency in esophageal speech typically requires several months of speech therapy.
		Technique: During the initial evaluation, a speech pathologist measures the length of the puncture tract and selects a size and style of prosthesis for placement.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/byname/laryngectomy-rehabilitation.htm (635 words)

	Eastern Virginia Medical School (EMVS) - Department of Otolaryngology
		To understand how TE speech works, you have to be familar with the anatomy of the neck after laryngectomy.
		The principle in TE speech is that during exhalation, air is diverted into the esophagus.
		With plain esophageal speech, the air comes from the stomach and speech segments are short.
	www.evmsent.org /trachesoph.asp (722 words)

	New Voice Club of Broward County, Florida
		This method is the most often used form for "First" speech after surgery and our "Visits" always include bringing one of these units from the "Joe Schad Loan Closet" to demonstrate and help the new Laryngectomee get started talking as soon as possible.
		This form of speech is achieved using a voice prosthesis, often called a "T.E.P." (Tracheo-Esophageal Puncture) A Fistula (or small hole) is made between the upper Trachea near the Stoma and the Lower Esophagus...
		No Matter your preferrence for speech restoration, it is important to keep in mind that you did not learn to talk over night as a child and learning to speak again is not instantaneous either...
	www.newvoiceclub.org /speech.html (816 words)

	Laryngeal Cancer: Learning to Speak Again
		Some people use a mechanical larynx only until they learn esophageal speech; some decide to use this device instead of esophageal speech, and some use both.
		Even though esophageal speech may sound low-pitched and gruff, many people want to use it instead of a mechanical larynx because it sounds more like regular speech.
		A speech pathologist teaches people who have had their voice box removed how to force air into the top of the esophagus and then push it out again.
	www.cancersource.com /Search/34,18027-1?PrinterFriendly=true (621 words)

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