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Topic: Esophageal web

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Anatomy

	eMedicine - Esophageal Webs and Rings : Article by Xaralambos Zervos, DO, MS
		An esophageal web is a thin (2-3 mm), eccentric, smooth extension of normal esophageal tissue consisting of mucosa and submucosa that can occur anywhere along the length of the esophagus but typically is located in the anterior postcricoid area of the proximal esophagus (see Image 6, Image 7).
		For patients with multiple esophageal rings and webs or congenital esophageal stenosis, esophageal webs and rings are estimated to occur in 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 50,000 live births.
		PVS or Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome is characterized by postcricoid or upper esophageal webs eccentrically attached to the anterior wall of the esophagus and iron deficiency anemia.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3413.htm (6246 words)

	Plummer-Vinson Syndrome/esophageal Web - Health Encyclopedia
		Plummer-Vinson syndrome consists of chronic iron deficiency anemia, difficulty swallowing, esophageal webs, and other, less common abnormalities.
		Esophageal webs are small, thin growths of tissue that partially block the esophagus (food pipe).
		If not, the web can be widened during upper endoscopy to allow normal swallowing and passage of food.
	www.wnbc.com /encyclopedia/6861614/detail.html (442 words)

	Esophageal Cancer Treatment - National Cancer Institute
		Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.
		Esophageal cancer starts at the inside lining of the esophagus and spreads outward through the other layers as it grows.
		Esophageal cancer is often in an advanced stage when it is diagnosed.
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/pdq/treatment/esophageal/patient/allpages (3147 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Today's approach to esophageal cancer
		About 15% of esophageal cancers occur in the upper third of the esophagus (the cervical esophagus), 50% in the middle third, and 35% in the lower third (2).
		Esophageal cancer should be suspected in any patient, particularly an older patient with risk factors (table 1), who presents with dysphagia and weight loss.
		Esophageal cancer is potentially curable in its earliest stages, but unfortunately, most patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/05_00/fox.htm (2244 words)

	Possible Causes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Impaired esophageal clearance may be caused by an increase in volume of refluxate and/or an irritant effect from a preceding reflux event.
		The amount of time that the esophagus is exposed to the injurious effects of the refluxate depends on the extent of esophageal clearance, and may contribute to esophageal mucosal damage.
		The ability of the esophageal mucosa to withstand injury is a factor in determining whether reflux disease will develop, and seems to be influenced by the age and nutritional status of the individual.
	www.gerd.com /intro/noframe/posscaus.htm (606 words)

	Esophageal Web -- eCureMe.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The esophagus is the tube in the chest that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
		Webs are thin membranes (extra tissue) located in the middle or upper esophagus.
		Dilation of the affected portion of the esophagus (essentially "mash" the webs flat)
	www.ethex.com /emyhealth/data/Esophageal_Web.asp (52 words)

	Esophageal Cancer: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.
		Esophageal cancer starts at the inside lining of the esophagus and spreads outward through the other layers as it grows.
		Esophageal cancer is often in an advanced stage when it is diagnosed.
	www.acor.org /cnet/62960.html (3188 words)

	Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases \| Full text \| Plummer-Vinson syndrome
		In case of significant obstruction of the esophageal lumen by esophageal web and persistent dysphagia despite iron supplementation, rupture and dilation of the web are necessary.
		Most of the patients underwent a dilation of the esophageal web (n = 20), in one case it was disrupted endoscopically using the biopsy forceps [23] and in one case a web resection under microlaryngosurgery was performed [18].
		The webs typically occur in the proximal part of the esophagus and may be missed and accidentally ruptured unless the endoscope is introduced under direct visualization [11].
	www.ojrd.com /content/1/1/36 (2313 words)

	Emergency Medicine
		Patients with esophageal dysphagia generally complain that food feels as if it were stuck in their chest after it is swallowed.
		Esophageal stasis due to stricture or achalasia may be an underlying predisposing cause for infectious esophagitis in up to 25% of patients.
		Plummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by an esophageal web in the hypopharynx and iron deficiency anemia.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/gic/consults/091503.asp (2519 words)

	Esophageal Motility Disorder -- eCureMe.com
		In addition, the lower esophageal sphincter (i.e., LES) -- the opening between the esophagus and stomach -- does not open properly because it cannot relax when swallowing, resulting in spasms.
		toxin injection -- this is done in the esophageal sphincter (connection between the esophagus and stomach).
		Surgical myotomy -- the muscles of the esophageal sphincter are cut, allowing food/liquid to pass.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/data/Esophageal_Motility_Disorder.asp (221 words)

	Dysphagia, Swallowing and Reflux Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		If the cause could be abnormal contractions of the esophagus (such as esophageal spasm), pressures in the esophagus may be measured with a tube placed in the esophagus.
		If an esophageal web is due to iron deficiency, treating the deficiency usually results in disappearance of the web.
		For other esophageal webs and esophageal rings, an endoscope or dilators are used to clear or widen the esophagus.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch54/ch54b.html (2003 words)

	eMedicine - Plummer-Vinson Syndrome : Article by Louis-Michel Wong Kee Song, MD
		Background: The association of postcricoid dysphagia, upper esophageal webs, and iron deficiency anemia is known as the Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) in the United States and the Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome in the United Kingdom.
		Lastly, the iron deficiency theory does not explain the predilection of webs for the upper esophagus and the rarity of the syndrome in populations in which chronic iron deficiency is endemic (eg, eastern and central Africa).
		Most webs are located along the anterior esophageal wall in the shape of a crescent (see Image 2), but a few are concentric.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3431.htm (2299 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Dysphagia in a 23-Year-Old Female
		The lower esophageal sphincter was not seen to distend and relax during swallowing.
		On the radiograph the esophageal body is often dilated, especially in the distal esophagus, and the barium column terminates in a tapered point at the non-relaxing lower esophageal sphincter (the so-called "bird's beak" appearance).
		An elevated resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure is detected in nearly all patients with achalasia; however, the sine qua non of achalasia is the demonstration of an incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=106 (1494 words)

	Lower esophageal ring (Schatzki) Information on Healthline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A lower esophageal ring is an abnormal ring of tissue located at the junction of the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach) and the stomach, which can cause swallowing problems.
		Alternatively, it may be related to chronic injury caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which stomach acid leaks into the esophagus and irritates it.
		Esophageal rings are known to occur from drinking a caustic substance, causing scar tissue.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/lower-esophageal-ring-(schatzki) (278 words)

	Esophageal Cancer treatment at Mayo Clinic
		A 2003 study in the Annals of Thoracic Surgery concluded that patients who undergo this surgery at hospitals that perform few esophageal surgeries had an increased chance of postoperative complications and death.
		Esophageal cancer is usually diagnosed with an endoscopic examination of the esophagus or a barium swallow X-ray.
		Esophageal cancer is a malignant growth in the esophagus, the tube that delivers food from the mouth to the stomach.
	www.mayoclinic.org /esophageal-cancer/index.html (377 words)

	Plummer-Vinson syndrome/esophageal web : Raleigh, Cary, Clayton, North Carolina NC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Plummer-Vinson syndrome/esophageal web : Raleigh, Cary, Clayton, North Carolina NC To search for a specific phrase enclose that phrase in quotes.
		It is a rare disorder that is associated with cancer of the esophagus and pharynx (throat).
		If not, the web can be dilated during upper endoscopy to allow normal swallowing and passage of food.
	www.wakemed.org /16040.cfm (333 words)

	Symptoms and Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer
		Esophageal cancer usually develops without symptoms in its earliest, most treatable stage.
		Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is similarly characterized by heartburn and regurgitation.
		Esophageal cancer is usually diagnosed with an endoscopic examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy) or a barium swallow X-ray.
	www.mayoclinic.org /esophageal-cancer/diagnosis.html (376 words)

	Esophageal web - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esophageal webs are thin membranes located in the middle or upper esophagus.
		They are mainly observed in the Plummer-Vinson syndrome, which is associated with iron deficiency anemia.
		Esophageal webs are associated with bullous diseases (such as epidermolysis bullosa, pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid), with graft versus host disease involving the esophagus, and with celiac disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esophageal_web (96 words)

	Congenital Esophageal Disease Text
		esophageal atresia results from incomplete separation of the laryngotracheal groove between the third and sixth weeks of gestation
		esophageal atresia with fistula occurs in ~1/8000 births
		most webs occur in the upper and middle esophagus; those associated with esophageal atresia tend to be located in the lower esophagus
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/5758 (1030 words)

	ACR Learning File Web
		Case 326: Esophageal involvement by metastatic lung cancer in the mediastinum.
		Case 208: Candida pharyngitis and esophagitis in an immunosuppressed patient.
		Case 209: Cervical esophageal web with partial obstruction.
	www.learningfile.com /learning_file/toc.php?section=g2 (1368 words)

	Esophageal spasm Information on Healthline
		Esophageal spasms involve irregular contractions of the muscles in the esophagus, which is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
		Long-acting nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat esophageal spasms.
		Chronic cases are sometimes treated with low-dose antidepressants such as nortryptiline, to reduce symptoms.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/esophageal-spasm (221 words)

	The Longitudinal Muscle in Esophageal Disease - The Lower Esophageal Ring
		The core of the web is usually filled with fibrous connective tissue although the amount varies.
		Because there is frequently reflux and esophagitis associated with HH and consequently with rings, inflammation has been an attractive hypothesis as an explanation of ring formation.
		Postelwait, R.W. and Musser, A Wendell, Pathology of the lower esophageal web.
	www.mailbag.com /users/oesophagus/webdoc23.htm (3541 words)

	Dr. Koop - Plummer-Vinson syndrome/esophageal web
		Esophageal webs are small, thin growths of tissue that partially block the esophagus (food pipe), causing difficulty swallowing.
		They tend to be located in the middle or upper esophagus.
		The drkoop.com URL and web site is not associated with C. Everett Koop, M.D., former Surgeon General of the United States.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/001158.html (299 words)

	Esophageal web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This photograph is one of the bottom portion of the esophagus, which is narrowed.
		Often people are born with these webs, and when they are very tight, they can cause difficulty swallowing food.
		If that is the case, we can stretch them out with what we call dilators, which allows the food to pass more easily.
	www.gastro.com /html/photography/esophageal_web.htm (81 words)

	AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: Other Esophageal Disorders
		Topics Discussed: boerhaave's syndrome; esophageal disease; esophageal diverticula; esophageal ring; esophageal web; foreign body in esophagus; hernia, hiatal; intramural hematoma; mallory-weiss syndrome; plummer-vinson syndrome; rupture of esophagus; zenker diverticulum.
		A midesophageal diverticulum may be caused by traction from old adhesions or by propulsion associated with esophageal motor abnormalities.
		Diffuse intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus is due to dilation of the deep esophageal glands and may lead to chronic candidiasis or to the development of a stricture high up in the esophagus.
	www.accessmedicine.com /content.aspx?aID=89469 (321 words)

	The Esophageal Club
		The Esophageal Surgery Club has met annually since 1979 during the American College of Surgeons annual meeting.
		Members of the Club have a recognized major interest in esophageal disease and an established reputation in this field.
		The secretary of the Club is nominated for five years.
	www.esophagealsurgeryclub.org (234 words)

	Esophageal cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to one Italian study of "diet surveys completed by 5,500 Italians" — a study which has raised debates questioning its claims among cancer researchers cited in news reports about it — eating pizza more than once a week appears "to be a favorable indicator of risk for digestive tract neoplasms in this population."
		Self-expandable metallic stents are used for the palliation of esophageal cancer
		Former Texas governor Ann Richards is one of the few females who have died from esophageal cancer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esophageal_cancer (1982 words)

	Esophageal Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Smooth, circumferential ring of squamous mucosa, often responsible for causing difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), which can be located any where along the esophagus, or which may be asymptomatic.
		Left: Symptomatic cervical esophageal web found in the cervical esophagus in a 71 year-old man. Center: Asymptomatic ring incidentally found in the proximal esophagus of a 40 year-old man. Right: Asymptomatic, nonobstructing partial web found in the midesophagus of a 74 year-old woman.
		Thin, delicate mucosal web in the proximal esophagus of a 77 year woman, with no esophageal symptoms.
	www.endoatlas.com /es_ge_10.html (173 words)

	ACR Learning File Web
		Case 3001: Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).
		Case 3015: Long-standing foreign body (tiddledywink) with old esophageal perforation.
		Case 3050: Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia without fistula (the stomach and duodenal bulb are not distended with gas because of the esophageal atresia).
	www.learningfile.com /learning_file/toc.php?section=pd (2521 words)

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