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Topic: Esperanto language

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	Esperanto is... \| Esperanto-USA
		Esperanto is a language introduced in 1887 by Dr. L.L. Zamenhof after years of development.
		He proposed Esperanto as a second language that would allow people who speak different native languages to communicate, yet at the same time retain their own languages and cultural identities.
		Another description of Esperanto is A Key to the International Language Esperanto by R. Kent Jones and Christopher M. Zervic.
	www.esperanto-usa.org /about_eo.html (357 words)

	Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esperanto is part of the state educational curriculum of several countries, but is not an official language of any.
		Esperanto can be described as "a language lexically predominantly romanic, morphologically intensively agglutinant and to a certain degree isolating in character" (Blanke 1985).
		Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and eastern countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo and Madagascar in Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto (3339 words)

	Esperanto and Language Awareness
		The idea of a planned international language was not a new one, but Zamenhof contributed the crucial insight that it must develop through collective use; accordingly, he restricted his initial proposal to a minimalist grammatical sketch, a vocabulary of some 900 words, some samples of poetry and prose, and a persuasive introductory essay.
		For second language learners in a non-immersion setting, according to Piron's analysis, language learning occurs through a lengthy process of cognitive and motor deconditioning and reconditioning, in which the student's urge to generalize from limited data is constantly frustrated.
		Esperanto, because of the extreme productiveness of a small number of rules and morphemes, allows students to freely employ both convergent and divergent forms of reasoning, and thereby stimulates linguistic confidence and linguistic creativity, with all that these may entail for language learning and language use in general.
	esperantic.org /~mfettes/aware.htm (3432 words)

	Unua Libro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zamenhof declared, "an international language, like a national one, is common property." Zamenhof signed the work as "Doktoro Esperanto" and the title Esperanto stuck as the name of the language which, in Esperanto, means "one who hopes."
		But for the complete unity of the language to all Esperantists it is recommended to keep imitating as much as possible that style, which is found in the works of the creator of Esperanto, who has worked the most for and in Esperanto and best knows its spirit.
		On the basis of Zamenhof's declaration that an international language is "common property" (which was also made in the Boulogne declaration, but in a different section to that quoted above), it is possible to draw some comparisons between Esperanto and what would today be called an Open source project.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unua_Libro (491 words)

	A Key to the Inter-National Language Esperanto
		By speaking this relatively easy-to-learn bridge language, people from all backgrounds are able to overcome the language barrier.
		The six letters unique to Esperanto, ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ and ŭ, were introduced so that every sound could be represented by just one letter (unlike combinations such as "ch" in "church" or "sh" as in "shoe").
		Esperanto words consist of an assembly of parts put together in a logical fashion.
	www.esperanto-chicago.org /key.htm (1091 words)

	Esperanto language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Esperanto is an international auxiliary language devised in 1887 by Dr. Ludovic Lazar Zamenhof (1859-1917), a Jewish Eye Doctor, under the pseudonym of "Doktoro Esperanto".
		He believed that much of the distrust and misunderstanding between the different ethnic groups was a result of language differences, so he resolved to create an international language which could be used as an neutral lingua franca and could help break down the language barriers.
		The majority of Esperanto roots are based on Latin, though some vocabulary is taken from modern Romance languages, and from English, German, Polish and Russian.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/esperanto.htm (469 words)

	Jordan: Note on Esperanto
		The principal linguistic secret of Esperanto's success lies in its using a slightly regularlized set of word roots from natural languages (almost all from the Romance family of languages) and manipulating them by means of a simple and essentially independent set of affixes and compounding rules.
		Esperanto is an attractive object of interest for the body of literature that has been created in it and for the cross-cultural contacts that can be made through it.
		Esperanto is obviously interesting as a linguistic object, although professional linguistics at the moment is much concerned about "native-speaker intuitions" and therefore pays little attention to a language used virtually exclusively by non-native speakers (or, for that matter, to ancient languages).
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/es/esperant.html (2779 words)

	Traduku.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For more than a century Esperanto, which was launched in 1887 as a project for an auxiliary language for international communication and quickly developed into a rich living language in its own right, has functioned as a means of bringing people together across the barriers of language and culture.
		LANGUAGE RIGHTS The unequal distribution of power between languages is a recipe for permanent language insecurity, or outright language oppression, for a large part of the world's population.
		Designed as a universally accessible means of communication, Esperanto is one of the great functional projects for the emancipation of humankind -- one which aims to let every individual citizen participate fully in the human community, securely rooted in his or her local cultural and language identity yet not limited by it.
	lingvo.org /traduku (1047 words)

	Esperanto, the 'Metrics' of Language
		Mention Esperanto in polite society and you will either be met with a blank, uncomprehending expression or the statement “ Oh, yes my grandfather/mother used to learn that but I thought it had died out”.
		His idea was that everyone should know their own language for use in their own country and his auxiliary language when they were abroad or receiving visitors from another country.
		Esperanto is perceived as being a bit like the Metric System of language.
	www.esperanto.org.nz /loaffish.html (1116 words)

	Esperanto FAQ (Oftaj demandoj) Part 1/2
		Esperanto is a language designed to facilitate communication between people of different lands and cultures.
		Esperanto's purpose is not to replace any other language, but to supplement them: Esperanto would be used as a neutral language when speaking with someone who doesn't know one's own language.
		Esperanto's flexible word-order allows speakers from different language families to use the structures with which they are most familiar and still speak perfectly intelligible and grammatically correct Esperanto.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/esperanto/faq/part1 (4903 words)

	Some Basic Information about Esperanto -- the International Language
		Esperanto is an international language, created to facilitate communication amongst people from different countries.
		Zamenhof to be a second language that would allow people who speak different native languages to communicate, yet at the same time to retain their own languages and cultural identities.
		Esperanto has 16 regular and exception-free rules of grammar and a regular phonetic spelling.
	ttt.esperanto.org /us/USEJ/world (1181 words)

	An Esperanto Overview
		Esperanto was effectively banned in the Soviet Union until 1956, discouraged until 1979, and kept under strict governmental control until the late 1980s.
		Esperanto organizations were banned in Germany in the mid-1930s, and Esperanto speakers in the territories occupied during World War II were either discouraged (generally in the occupied West) or exterminated (more common in the occupied East).
		Esperanto was barely tolerated in Romania under the Ceaucescu regime, and most Esperanto books and magazines were excluded from the country (they were nonetheless smuggled in on a regular basis by Bulgarian, Hungarian and Jugoslavian Esperanto speakers).
	www.webcom.com /~donh/efaq.html (2807 words)

	Esperanto Access
		Esperanto is a designed language used throughout the world.
		It serves as an auxiliary language to assist in crossing language barriers between countries and cultures.
		In this way Vinilkosmo, one of the most important producers of music in Esperanto throughout the world, has realized a partnership with the Brazilian Esperanto League ― BEL, a cultural association with 98 years of history behind it, with a notable history in the framework of the global Esperanto movement.
	donh.best.vwh.net /esperanto.php (1541 words)

	Psychological Reactions to Esperanto
		Analysed, the kind of statements about Esperanto or the wider field of international communication which can easily be obtained by inviting people to speak freely on the subject, or are put forward at official meetings devoted to this question, are found to be characterised by the action of the so-called "defence mechanisms".
		An important place among Esperanto's traits is occupied by its multicultural substratum, in which the Asiatic and Hungarian contributions have played no small part (literary activity in the Esperanto language between the two world wars developed to a great extent in a Hungarian ambience, the so-called Budapest School; Hungarian is not Indo-European).
		Among the slaves of various races in the Caribbean whose languages were reciprocally incomprehensible, there was a need to communicate with each other; out of this need was born a colourful language based largely on that of their white owners but structurally quite different.
	esperantic.org /ced/psyres.htm (3518 words)

	The International Language: Esperanto
		As someone with high ideals, it was his sincere hope that his language would come to serve mankind as a "bridge language" to enable inter-communication between the numerous peoples of this planet who spoke dissimilar languages.
		The language itself is a wonder of simplicity which enables the learner to quickly master it.
		The Universal Esperanto Association, whose office is in the Netherlands, maintains a volunteer network of Delegates in over 70 countries with specialties in tourism, computers, jurisprudence, educational instruction, among many others, in order to promote contact among Esperantists with special interests.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/9061/eo2.html (385 words)

	The Esperanto Language
		Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages.
		The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 2 million.
		This is a language class taught by Michael Urban who says, "Esperanto is an International Language, created to facilitate communication amongst people from different countries.
	www.esperanto.com /esper1.html (256 words)

	Esperanto. International Language. Why I like Esperanto.
		Translations into Esperanto, are generally made by native speakers of the language to be translated, given the original flavor to the translation.
		Many people would say that Esperanto was created by an Ophthalmologist (Doctor Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof), but Esperanto was born in the mind of a five year young boy.
		Eventually he began to search a language to be used as a common language, but soon he realized that existing languages were very difficult to learn.
	www.angelfire.com /al2/esperanto (791 words)

	Free Esperanto Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Esperanto is a neutral international language created by L L Zamenhof in the end of the 19th century.
		Today the objective of Esperanto is the same as always: to become the one foreign language everybody studies and learns.
		While no foreign language is easy to master, Esperanto was intentionally designed to be as easy to learn as possible.
	pacujo.net /esperanto/course (279 words)

	Esperanto por voja^gantoj (English) Foreign Languages
		Esperanto can be achieved in a reasonably short period of time, thanks to its extremely regular and very easy to learn grammar.
		Esperanto aims to promote and protect linguistic cultural diversity, and to provide a low-cost high-quality trans-Babel communication medium by acting as the dialect-free international auxiliary language.
		Suggestions or corrections for Esperanto for Travellers should be directed (in Esperanto please) to Aaron via his home page.
	www.travlang.com /languages/cgi-bin/langchoice.cgi?page=main&lang1=english&lang2=esperanto (300 words)

	Esperanto-USA \| Esperanto: The International Language that Works!
		The Esperanto League for North America (ELNA) is a non-profit organization of Esperanto speakers and supporters of Esperanto in the United States.
		I just added full labels to each one in Esperanto and also English — for those who might be interested in NASK but aren't yet able to read the language.
		NASK is the North American Summer Esperanto Institute, an immersive three-week course hosted at UC San Diego.
	www.esperanto-usa.org (822 words)

	Esperanto Association of Britain - Homepage
		The Esperanto Association of Britain (Esperanto-Asocio de Britio) is a registered charity dedicated to the promotion of the international language Esperanto.
		Esperanto Education: EAB's courses, learning resources, education news and events.
		Esperanto Information: About Esperanto, its culture and community, publicity news and events.
	www.esperanto-gb.org (211 words)

	MIT Societo por Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We support Esperanto as a tool for making meaningful contact with people of other languages and cultures and countries.
		Anyone who has an interest in languages, travel, cultural diversity, world events, world literature, meeting new people regardless of their language or country, joining interest groups with members from around the world, or any or all of the above, is welcome to join.
		We occasionally show Esperanto videos; host conferences, concerts, and visiting Esperanto-speakers; celebrate international language days; and organize lectures and exhibit to inform the rest of the MIT community about the benefits of learning Esperanto.
	web.mit.edu /esperanto/www (237 words)

	Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This course in the international language, Esperanto is for English speaking students and is intended to permit a very high degree of competence
		The title Esperanto A.S.A.P. (As Soon As Possible) is intended to indicate that this book is aimed at intelligent readers who are serious in their intent to gain a reasonable grasp of this language quickly and are, therefore, prepared to make a considerable effort on their part.
		Six Esperanto letters carry accents- these are not just modified versions of the unaccented letters but separate letters in their own right.
	www.verdadrako.50g.com /asap/content.htm (1047 words)

	Esperanto: Frequently Asked Questions
		This posting attempts to answer the most common questions from those new to the newsgroup soc.culture.esperanto (or the corresponding mailing list esperanto-l), or to the language Esperanto itself.
		Post questions about Esperanto in the newsgroup soc.culture.esperanto or send them to the mailing list at esperanto-l@netcom.com, not to the maintainer.
		Because of the increasing internationalization of the net, I have attempted to make this FAQ as relevant as possible to readers in various countries.
	www.esperanto.net /veb/faq.html (260 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Esperanto (Teach Yourself) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community by Pierre Janton
		I learned Esperanto from this book in the 1970s, and still consider it to be one of the very best foreign language textbooks I have ever seen -- for any language.
		I was amazed by not only how easy the language is to learn, but by the wonderful format and selection of vocabulary presented by the book.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0844237639?v=glance (1038 words)

	AllRefer.com - Esperanto (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Esperanto[espurAn´tO] Pronunciation Key, an artificial language introduced in 1887 and intended by its inventor, Dr. Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (1859–1917), a Polish oculist and linguist, to ease communication between speakers of different languages.
		it has been taught in schools and universities throughout the world but has not received wide acceptance as an international language.
		Its grammar and lexicon are relatively unfamiliar to users who do not know other Indo-European languages; its syntax, spelling, and pronunciation are influenced especially by Slavonic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/Esperant.html (192 words)

	Translation Services Company - Translation Quotes Available Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Applied Language fund raising for Barnardoâs in Huddersfield
		Applied Language Solutions started in October 2003 and has grown from one man Gavin Wheeldon to over 60 employees.
		We want you to become part of the team and start your way to a fantastic career and benefits as a Applied Language member of staff.
	www.appliedlanguage.com (453 words)

	Esperanto: Multilingual Information Center: English (angla)
		Resolutions of UNESCO in favour of Esperanto (1954 and 1985)
		DMoz about Esperanto - Category in English about Esperanto
		Esperanto HyperCourse - Introduction to the international language Esperanto
	www.esperanto.net /info/index_en.html (63 words)

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