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Topic: Esperanto orthography

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	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Esperanto - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto (eo and epo in ISO 639) is the most widely spoken of the constructed languages.
		Esperanto has proven to be a good deal easier for speakers of European languages to learn as a second language than any national language (especially highly irregular and/or non-phonetic languages such as English, French, and Chinese).
		Because Esperanto is the most well-known of constructed languages, many who have been interested were unaware of these other languages, but there is information about these languages on the Internet as well.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/es/Esperanto (1436 words)

	Esperanto - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto is also credited as being the foundation for later competing projects, such as Interlingua and Occidental, but these languages also lag far behind Esperanto in numbers of speakers.
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived artificial island micronation of Rose Island used Esperanto as its official language in 1968.
		Esperanto is primarily agglutinative (Wells 1989 calculates an index of agglutinativity of 0.9999, higher than any non-constructed language), with all grammatical function suffixes appearing at the ends of words, and a mix of prefixes and suffixes with lexical meanings.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /esperanto.htm (3215 words)

	Esperanto orthography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esperanto is written in a Latin alphabet of twenty-eight letters, upper and lower case.
		Unique to the Esperanto script is the spesmilo (1000 specie) sign, an Sm monogram for a now-obsolete international unit of auxiliary Esperanto currency used by a few British and Swiss banks before the First World War.
		The Signuno alphabet deviates from international norms (that is, ASL with an Irish T) in that all letters are upright, with a straight wrist: the G is simply turned upright, while the H, P, Q are taken from Irish, the J from Russian, and the Z appears to be unique to Signuno.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto_orthography (2704 words)

	Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esperanto is part of the state educational curriculum of several countries, but is not an official language of any.
		Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and eastern countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo and Madagascar in Africa.
		An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert, a retired psychology professor of the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested all Esperanto speakers in sample areas of dozens of countries over a period of twenty years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto (3357 words)

	Learn more about Esperanto in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto words are more changed in orthography and endings from their etymological cognates than in some auxiliary languages.
		Esperanto is a good tool to identify the real difficulties in speaking a foreign language; those difficulties would apply to any language.
		Because Esperanto is the most well-known of constructed languages, many who have been interested were unaware of these other languages, but the Internet offers information about these languages as well.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/es/esperanto.html (2216 words)

	Esperanto orthography: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Esperanto orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto is written in an alphabet of twenty-eight letters.
		The original method of representing accented letters is due to the initiator of Esperanto, L.
		The entire Esperanto alphabet is part of the Latin-3 and Unicode character sets, so the above systems are no longer necessary on web pages, though the x-system remains common on Usenet and in e-mail where encoding support is rare and the limited availability of keyboard configurations makes it difficult for many to comfortably type.
	www.encyclopedian.com /es/Esperanto-orthography.html (742 words)

	Circumflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Esperanto, it is used on ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, and ŝ.
		In Greek the circumflex occurs (subject to certain rules) on the accented syllable of a word, on long vowels only, where there was a rise and then a fall in tone in Ancient Greek.
		It is used in the traditional polytonic orthography, sometimes taking a form similar to a tilde, but the monotonic orthography used for Modern Greek has replaced it with an acute accent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/%db (889 words)

	Esperanto spelling.
		For Esperanto the methods and degrees of transition have varied, although the overriding aim has been to use symbols and sounds that are common to at least some of the languages of the target group of speakers.
		Such is the case of the Esperanto word for 'computer', which varies between (international form), {computing-tool} and (resembling the recent Latin , not to be confused with the Latin {counting tool}), until the 1987 edition of PIV included (Duc Goninaz, 1988 p90).
		Esperanto's grammatical rules indicate that <-o-> may be inserted for reasons of euphony, where the root may be juxtaposed to letters which would change the meaning, and for personal preference, so {a bird's nest} is preferred over .
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j16/esperanto.php (4886 words)

	Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish MoresnetNeutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived artificial island micronation of Rose Island used Esperanto as its official language in 1968.
		Esperanto is written using a modified version of the Latin alphabet, with six accented letters: c-circumflexĉ;, g-circumflexĝ, h-circumflexĥ, j-circumflexĵ, s-circumflexŝ (c, g, h, j, and s with circumflex), and u-breveŭ (u with breve).
		Esperanto speakers seem to be more numerous in Europe and east Asia than in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, and more numerous in urban than in rural areas (#ReferencesSikosek 2003/).
	www.infothis.com /find/Esperanto (3535 words)

	[No title]
		Esperanto belongs to the Esperantists: Developers of constructed languages are usually extremely possessive of their brain-children and reject any attempt by others to contribute or have a significant role in the development of the language.
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived artificial island
		Also, the proper computer support for Esperanto requires a locale definition. Possible recommendation for locale is as follows: "." as the thousands separator and "," as a decimal point; ; 24-hour time with colon between hour and minutes; for dates use a four-digit year and write out the month name or abbreviation thereof.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Esperanto (2204 words)

	Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, but most others are specifically Esperanto organizations.
		Esperanto is written with a modified version of the Latin alphabet, including six letters with diacritics: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ; and ŭ (that is, c, g, h, j, s circumflex, and u breve).
		Though Esperanto itself has changed relatively little since the publication of the Fundamento, a number of reform projects have been proposed over the years, starting with Ido in 1907.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Esperanto (2972 words)

	Poliespo: A Cherokee Esperanto
		Esperanto orthography does not have 'y' or 'q', but the sounds apparently indicated by these letters can be approximated fairly well in Esperanto orthography.
		He uses some rather bizarre orthography, involving underscored and overstuck characters to handle the nasalizations and other characteristics of the Poliespo phonology, but I recall he also mentions another orthography, non-romic, which he claims has the advantage of disambiguating things like 'malica' from 'mal- + -*ica'.
		The language of discourse, for the most part, is reasonably correct Esperanto, but it's cramped and hard to read, and you have to watch out for his frequent abbreviations, which he uses as Esperanto roots with no marking, and at least one neologism, 'pi', which he uses as a gender-neutral, sentience-neutral third-person-singular pronoun.
	www.langmaker.com /outpost/poliespo.htm (1381 words)

	Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some Esperanto speakers, or Esperantists, still want this (they are called finvenkistoj -- from fina venko meaning "final victory"), but others just want to use the language to meet foreigners and learn about other countries and cultures (called raŭmistoj -- from Rauma in Finland, where a declaration was made to that effect).
		Some studies suggest that Esperanto is a good deal easier for speakers of European languages to learn as a second language than any natural language (especially languages such as English, French, and Chinese).
		There is also some evidence that suggests studying Esperanto before studying any other second language (especially an Indo-European language) may speed and improve learning, because learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first, while the use of a grammatically simple auxiliary language lessens the "first foreign language" learning hurdle.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/es/Esperanto.htm (2351 words)

	Introduction - 10 Lesson Esperanto Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Esperanto, the international language, is a language developed to make it easier for people of different cultures to communicate.
		Incorrectly termed 'artificial' (the right word is 'planned'), Esperanto is specifically intended for international/intercultural use, so those who use it meet each other on an equal footing, since neither is using his or her native language.
		Esperanto is a living language, used for everything people use any other language for.
	esperanto.sorren.com /course/intro.asp (504 words)

	Ranto (JBR AntiZamenhofism)
		Esperanto's pseudo-agglutinative system of affix-accretion (copied from Volapük) is only one possible approach to derivation - cf Arabic triliterals - but it is at least straightforward (see Appendix T).
		Esperanto is notable among auxlang schemes for having possessed a well-stocked dictionary from the start, made up from words out of an assortment of European languages.
		Esperanto nouns inflect both for number and for case; ie, more than is considered necessary in most European languages.
	www.xibalba.demon.co.uk /jbr/ranto (4192 words)

	Prentiss Riddle: Language: Of lightbulbs, geeks and samideanoj
		One of the design features of Esperanto is that it is based on a (relatively) limited number of roots which are then compounded to make a full vocabulary.
		The roots are supposed to be "universal" in the admittedly eurocentric view of Esperanto's founders (mostly romance with a good number from Greek, English and German, a handful of slavic roots and a tiny number from other languages).
		Although this universality is often overstated, it still makes Esperanto more accessible to the majority of the world's population who do speak some European language, as a second tongue if not their first.
	aprendizdetodo.com /language?item=20040615 (1042 words)

	Esperanto orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many speakers however pronounce these letters slightly different from the mentioned combinations, which justifies the use of separate letters.
		Simplistic ASCII-based rules for sorting English words fail badly for sorting Esperanto ones, because lexicographically words starting with ĉ should follow words starting with c and precede words starting with d.
		Adjusting a keyboard to type Unicode is actually relatively easy.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/esperanto_orthography (840 words)

	Free Esperanto Course; Leciono Unu
		If you can't see these letters properly on your computer screen, the course material is also available here with a special notation that uses the digraphs cx, gx, hx, jx, sx and ux, respectively, to represent esperanto's special letters.
		Esperanto is "grammar-coded" - you can tell what part each word plays in a sentence from the word endings:
		In Esperanto, things have no gender (they are not male or female, as in many other languages.) There is only one word for 'the', no matter if the noun is singular or plural, subject or object.
	pacujo.net /esperanto/course/materialo/leciono01.html (866 words)

	16 Rules of English ??
		The orthography still varies so widely that an exhaustive list could hardly be compiled.
		Foreign words may be received into Esperanto with no change except for conformity with the Esperanto orthography.
		Foreign words may be received into English with no change except for conformity with the English alphabet and local pronunciation, or with no change, but italicized in print, or spoken slowly in speech.
	www.esperanto-chicago.org /16rules.htm (981 words)

	Signuno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Its alphabet has signs for Esperanto's diacritic letters: Ŝ, Ĥ, Ĝ, Ŭ are derived from their base letters S, H, G, U; while Ĉ and Ĵ (like J) are of Cyrillic origin.
		The system works to capture Esperanto grammar rather than exploit the spatial options available to sign language; it faces similar shortcomings as did de l'Épée's "methodical signs" in comparison to French Sign Language.
		In effect, Signuno is a manual, logographic orthography for Esperanto; comparable to Manually Coded English vis a vis spoken English.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Signuno.htm (243 words)

Esperanto orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)

Esperanto orthography

Esperanto orthography
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

It uses material from the wikipedia article Esperanto orthography.

www.eurofreehost.com /es/Esperanto_orthography.html (301 words)

	Esperanto pronunciation - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Esperanto pronunciation - Your Art History Reference Guide!
		Each letter in the Esperanto alphabet, and each pair of letters representing a diphthong, is transliterated into English and the International Phonetic Alphabet.
		Zamenhof suggested Italian as the model for Esperanto pronunciation.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Esperanto_pronunciation (80 words)

Esperanto orthography : X-System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)

Esperanto orthography : X-System

Esperanto orthography : X-System
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

It uses material from the wikipedia article Esperanto orthography : X-System.

www.eurofreehost.com /x-/X-System.html (311 words)

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Topic: Esperanto orthography

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In the News (Sat 6 Sep 08)