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	Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia, ERC) is a left-wing political party that campaigns for independence for Catalonia and Catalan Countries from France and Spain.
		Esquerra became the leading force of the Popular Front in Catalonia and tried to maintain the unity of the Front in the face of growing tensions between the POUM and Communists.
		The party is also federated with parties in the Balearic Islands and Northern Catalonia, and maintains close ties with its sister party Republican Left of the Valencian Country in Land of Valencia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esquerra_Republicana_de_Catalunya (406 words)

	Esquerra Party
		The Esquerra Party (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya) was (and is) a left-of-centre political party that campaigned for independence for Catalonia from Spain.
		Led by Lluís Companys, in 1935 the party declared an independent Catalan Republic, however the party leaders (including Companys) were arrested and jailed for this.
		Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya has (2003) 10 seats in the Catalan Parliament in Barcelona, 1 seat in the Spanish Parliament in Madrid, 5 seats in the Barcelona City Council.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/e/es/esquerra_party.html (216 words)

	EJP \| News \| Western Europe \| Spanish party seeks to sanction Israel
		The Esquerra Republica (Republican Left) party has urged the Spanish government to call on the European Union to suspend its commercial agreements and halt its military and scientific co-operation with Israel.
		The party said that the proposal was introduced to display to the Israelis that the Gaza disengagement has not gone far enough towards attaining peace in the region.
		Although the Esquerra Republicana party is small with only eight out of a total of 350 Spanish parliament seats, Israel is still concerned about the principle and the possible precedent.
	www.ejpress.org /article/3632 (517 words)

	general elections in Spain
		Socialist party leader (PSOE), José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, did condemn this meeting in the end and not without managing to conceal the embarrassment and confusion that reigns within his movement on the very subject of State reform and a possible deepening of competence of the seventeen autonomous communities.
		The Popular Party demanded that the Socialists break off relations with "Esquerra republicana de Catalunya", accusing them of violating the anti-terrorist pact which the country's two main parties committed themselves to in 2000, independent of their political differences, in order to unite in their efforts to fight against terrorism.
		PP spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament, Francesco Vendrell, justified his party's absence by explaining that the Popular Party's position had been unequivocal for many years, and stating that on the other hand that of the Esquerra republicana de Catalunya was far from being as clear.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/espagne/default2.htm (1074 words)

	Republican Left of the Valencian Country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Republican Left of the Valencian Country (in Catalan: Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià) is a historical Valencian left national party founded on 1933 and refounded in September of 2000 by means of the union of the valencian federation of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya with the Front pel País Valencià (Front for the Valencian Country).
		In 1935 he impelled a process of unification with the party Esquerra Valenciana (Valencian Left), founded on 1934 and directed by Vicent Marco Miranda (ex-Mayor of València), Josep Benedito, Miquel Duran de València and Manuel Sanchís-Guarner.
		After Vicent Marco obtained in 1936 the act of deputy in Valencia within the candidatures of the Popular Front both parties joint in a common parliamentary group in the Spanish Congress with the name of Catalan Left.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republican_Left_of_the_Valencian_Country (328 words)

	[No title]
		The Esquerra had come to power in the local elections that followed the 1933 fiasco, after 242 The Spanish Anarchists many Catalan cenetistas had second thoughts about the impact of their anti-electoral campaign and had voted, at least locally, for Liberal groups.
		Under Companys, the Esquerra had begun to abandon the unequivocally separatist policies of its founder, Colonel Macia (who died in December 1933), and was in the process of orienting itself toward autonomy within the Spanish republic.
		The Esquerra, to retain its influence in the rural areas of the province, had promoted and passed a ley de cultivos in the Generalitat empowering vineyard tenants whose leases were expiring to acquire title to land they had cultivated for fifteen years or more.
	lemming.mahost.org /library/tsa/raw/tsa10.txt (14400 words)

	Berria.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They were followed by the ERC, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, also with 12 seats but with 8.7% of the votes.
		This party was the result of the coalition of the Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya and the Unió Democràtica de Catalunya.
		PSC — Partit Socialista de Catalunya (Catalan wing of the Spanish Socialist Party); ERC - Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia); PPC or PP — Partido Popular (Catalan wing of the Spanish Popular Party); ICV - Iniciativa per Cataluña Verds (Initiative for Catalonia-Greens).
	www.berria.info /english/ikusi.php?id=142 (382 words)

	Left-wing politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For example, the Democratic Leadership Council (in which Bill Clinton was active) is generally considered to form the right wing of the U.S. Democratic Party (which outside the US is considered to be right of center), but in terms of the whole country he was generally perceived as being on the moderate left.
		In Hong Kong, the term "left-wing" is usually used to describe the political parties that mostly support the policies of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Central Government in Beijing.
		Until 1991, the main left-wing political party in Italy was the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which opposed the Christian Democracy (DC).
	left-wing-politics.iqnaut.net (2862 words)

	Results - Spanish Legislative Election, 2004
		In a result which defied most predictions, the opposition Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, won a plurality of seats in Congress of Deputies, and was able to form a government with the support of minor parties.
		In the Congress of Deputies, the PP vote fell by 6.9 percent, and the party lost 39 seats.
		A feature of the result was the increased representation for the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, a minor left-wing party which has formed a coalition government with the PSOE in Catalonia.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Africa4362/spanish-legislative-election-2004-results.html (542 words)

	Catalonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbon dioxide emissions in Catalonia have increased by 40% since 1992, and 60% of the region's electricity comes from aging nuclear power stations (a figure exceeded in Europe only by France and Lithuania).
		Despite Catalonia's change of government in 2004 from a conservative CiU/PP alliance to a "red/green" tripartite coalition of PSC, ERC, and ICV parties, there is little evidence of greater concern for the environment.
		The ICV was put in charge of the Ministry of the Environment but has largely continued the outgoing administration's environmentally-unfriendly policies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catalonia (2142 words)

	Once Upon a Time in the West: July 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On July 15, 2006 the two parties dispatched delegates to Minsk, the Belarusian capital, to a congress, the main purpose of which was to unite the two organizations within the restored/continuing Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		Known as the Left Party, the new political merger won 8.7 per cent of the national vote in the September 2005 federal election and sent 54 deputies to the Bundestag, as the fourth largest parliamentary party, ahead of the Greens and only slightly behind the FDP.
		The NPD is a far-right party that harbored West Germany’s neo-Nazis in a fashion similar to that of NDPD in East Germany.
	www.russiastory.com /2006_07_01_once-upon-a-time-in-the-west_archive.html (12586 words)

	Hugo Oehler: Barricades in Barcelona (1937) - RH
		The parliamentary bourgeoisie (Loyalists) was subservient to the Franco-British-Russian bloc; the Socialist and Stalinist parties (through the Popular Front) followed the middle class leadership and Russia; and the CNT and FAI [2] trailed behind the SP and CP and the POUM [3] became the tail of the CNT.
		No party exists in Spain to give these small skirmishes a united centralized strategy, to coordinate them by means of revolutionary Marxism into a powerful upsurge of the class to wipe out the capitalist state.
		In Sabadell, suburb of Barcelona, the local POUM leadership rebelled against the party and denounced the insurrection in language as vicious as the Stalinists.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/spain/spain06.htm (8279 words)

	Esquerra Party
		The Esquerra Party was a left-wing organization that gained most of its support from Barcelona and other urban areas in Catalonia.
		The Popular Front, as the coalition became known, advocated the restoration of Catalan autonomy, amnesty for political prisoners, agrarian reform, an end to political fllists and the payment of damages for property owners who suffered during the revolt of 1934.
		On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War members of the Esquerra Party joined the Worker's Party (POUM) and the National Confederation of Trabajo (CNT) to defeat the military uprising in Barcelona.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPesquerra.htm (554 words)

	Ramón Trias-Fargas, Spain (1922-1989) - Hall of Freedom - Politics - Liberalism
		In 1974 he founded the Liberal party Esquerra Democràtica de Catalunya and was elected its President.
		In 1978 Trias-Fargas merged his party with Jordi Pujol's Convergencia Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) and thus created the main political party in Catalonia.
		Trias-Fargas was subsequently elected President of the newly merged CDC party.
	www.liberal-international.org /editorial.asp?ia_id=1029 (263 words)

	No bull - The Boston Globe
		ON JUNE 22 a motion was carried in the regional parliament of the province of Catalonia, in northern Spain, extending its current legislation on animal rights to cover the formerly exempted practice of bullfighting.
		The motion, raised by the left-wing nationalist party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, went through 74 to 51 and has cleared the way for an outright ban...
		The motion, raised by the left-wing nationalist party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, went through 74 to 51 and has cleared the way for an outright ban on bullfighting in Catalonia.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/07/16/no_bull (625 words)

	Civil servant kickbacks: Esquerra faces party funding investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ERC sent letters to workers for the Catalan regional government within its departments demanding that they comply with the party's financial charter, which requires workers to pay party contributions ranging from 3% to 30% of their salaries.
		Prosecutors, who are already investigating charges of extortion, abuse of power, and infringement of the right to work, will also look into alleged violations of the Data Protection Act on the part of ERC leaders.
		Concretely, the secretary of Marta Cid, the ERC Catalan education counselor, announced on Wednesday that she had been fired in 2004 after refusing to kick back part of her salary to the party.
	www.barcelonareporter.com /index.php/pg_print_article/civil_servant_kickbacks_esquerra_faces_party_funding_investigation (248 words)

	Governments on the WWW: Political Parties
		Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) [Socialdemocratic Party of Austria]
		Srpska Stranka Republike Srpske [Serbian Party of the Serbian Republic]
		Hrvatska Seljacka Stranka Bosne i Hercegovine (HSS BiH) [Croatian Peasants Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina]
	www.gksoft.com /govt/en/parties.html (2433 words)

	74 percent of Catalan votes say "yes" to reform, with 49.4 turnout
		Zapatero said the vote was valid and urged Rajoy and other political parties campaigning for a "no" vote to move on.
		The statute has been the subject of dispute between regional and national political parties for more than a year, centring on a phrase that says Catalonia perceives itself as "a nation".
		Compromise on that phrase in the final statute was eventually rejected by both ends of the political spectrum -- the right-leaning Popular Party (PP), which says it is a threat to Spanish unity, and the Catalan nationalist party Esquerra Republicana (ERC), which says it does not go far enough.
	www.eitb24.com /portal/eitb24/noticia/en/politics/catalan-statute-reform-74-percent-of-catalan-votes-say-yes-to-ref?itemId=D38163&cl=/eitb24/politica&idioma=en (414 words)

	Oscar's road!
		Tired of the abuse, tired of being ignored when 90% of the country was against of the war, tired of the contempt for the regional nationalisms in Spain (catalan, basque), tired of the political and electoral use given to something as bloody as the 11-M blasts and tired of information being hidden from us.
		People decided that it was the right time for a change, a change which involves a turn to the left personalized in the socialist party and their leader, Mr.
		One of those parties is a left wing party (ERC, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya - Republican Left-side of Catalonia) and the major "selling points" of their program have always been the independence of Catalonia and turning spain into a republic, without a king.
	www.renalias.net /?searchTerms=rising&op=Search&blogId=2 (714 words)

	Continuity in employment policy likely under new government
		The general election held in Spain in March 2004 resulted in defeat for the governing People’s Party (PP) and victory for the Socialist Party (PSOE), which is to form the new government, led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
		This was thought to have contributed to the unexpected result, with the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) obtaining 164 of the 350 seats in the lower house of parliament, with 42.64% of the vote.
		The Catalan nationalist parties - the conservative Convergence and Union (Convergència i Unió) and social democratic Republican Left Party (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC) - increased their presence in the national parliament to 10 and eight seats respectively.
	www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int /2004/04/inbrief/es0404102n.html (734 words)

	The Visual Front - Posters of the Spanish Civil War
		Macià was the founder and leader of several prominent political groups in Cataluña that agitated for the autonomy and independence of the region.
		Macià became the leader of the new party and many followers referred to the elderly romantic colonel as "el avi" or "the grandfather." The new party did well in the municipal elections in Barcelona in 1931 and the ERC gained popularity in other prominent cities in Cataluña.
		Macià's role as head of the Generalitat and leader of the new unified party of Catalan leftists was cut short by his death on December 25, 1933.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/visfront/newadd12.html (256 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Catalan bid for 'sovereignty'
		The draft statute on autonomy is part of the coalition's campaign for re-election in October.
		Unlike Catalonia's third-largest party, Esquerra Republicana, neither group seeks independence.
		The national governing Popular Party dismissed it as "electioneering", as did the Socialist Party - despite the fact that its Catalonian sister party is developing an analogous plan.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/europe/2882397.stm (307 words)

	European Left - Latest News / Home
		The Members of the Party of the European Left were participating actively at the manifestations and actions organized by the peace movements in the occasion of World Peace Day, September 1.
		The Executive Board of the Party of the European Left urges the European Council, the European Parliament and the European Commission as well as all EU- Member Countries’ Heads of State and government to assume within the next few days a different role for Europe in the Middle East.
		A delegation of the Party of the European Left visited Beirut on 25-27 July, 2006 to show its political solidarity to the Lebanese people, which has fallen victim to an brutal aggression by Israel.
	www.european-left.org (632 words)

	spain2
		Finally, reform would have to be carried out in the midst of a world depression in a country where half the population were poorly paid agricultural labourers and both land and capital were controlled by a small, highly conservative percentage of the population.
		In January 1936, Manuel Azaña helped to establish a coalition of parties on the political left including the Socialist Party (PSOE), the Communist Party (PCE), the Esquerra Party and the Republican Union Party (but notably not the Anarchists who opposed the elections).
		It includes detailed accounts of the the history of the war, notes on the confusing array of political parties and movements and links to the biographies of dozens of participants.
	www.web.net /~macpap/history/spain2.html (982 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Catalan autonomy deal close (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		But left-wing nationalist party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) complained that the agreement with CiU did not cover all the parties.
		's ruling Socialist party met on Saturday to discuss the statute and Zapatero called for one last effort to settle an issue which has caused political divisions and rumblings of discontent in the Spanish military.
		Jose Montilla, the industry minister who is also a senior official in the Catalan Socialist Party, welcomed the deal with CiU.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/9DD9BB5B-E38F-4E12-BB80-AC52D44A05B2.htm (584 words)

	Spanish Civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Elections in November 1933 elections saw the right-wing CEDA party win 115 seats and, forming a parliamentary alliance with the Radical Party, they spent the next two years demolishing the reforms introduced by Manuel Azaña.
		Largo Caballero resisted pressure from the Communist Party to promote its members to senior posts in the government and also refused their demands to suppress the Worker's Party, and as a result the Communists withdrew from the government.
		General Juan Modesto, a member of the Communist Party (PCE), was placed in charge of the offensive which involved over 80,000 Republican troops, including the 15th International Brigade and the British Battalion, and began crossing the river on 25th July.
	www.nerjatoday.com /spanishcivilwar.htm (4283 words)

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