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	Essad Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Essad Pasha (born Essad Toptani, 1863 – June 13, 1920) was a leader of the opposition forces that overthrew Prince William of Wied in Albania and served as prime minister of that country for one month, shortly after William left.
		As head of the powerful Toptani family, Essad Pasha was originally appointed to the cabinet created by William of Wied in February, 1914, but by May of that year he had been dismissed and arrested for treason.
		Though his rule was shortlived, Pasha succeeded in controlling much of central Albania until 1916, when he left for Serbia to help them in their war against Austria-Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Essad_Pasha (252 words)

	Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pasha (or pascha, bashaw; Turkish: paşa) originally from Persian padshah or padeshah meaning "king") was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals.
		Three grades of pasha existed, distinguished by the number of horse-tails (three, two and one respectively) to which the bearer was entitled to display as symbols of authority when on campaign.
		Etymologists variously derive the word pasha from the Persian padshah, Turkish padishah, equivalent to "king" or "emperor", and from the Turkish bash (in some dialects pash), a "head", "chief", etc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pasha (357 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abbas I (1813-1854), pasha of Egypt, was a son of Tusun Pasha and grandson of Mehmet Ali, founder of the reigning dynasty.
		Portrait of Ali Pasha Ali Pasha (1741 â€“ January 24, 1822, Monastery of Pandelimonos (near Ioaninna)), the Lion of Janina, was born to a powerful clan from TepelenÃ« (in modern Albania) and spent much of his youth as a bandit.
		Mehmed Pasha Sokolović (in Turkish Sokollu Mehmet Paşa) (1505 or 1506-June 30, 1579) was born in the village of Sokolovići near the town of Višegrad in Bosnia of Serbian parents.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pasha (1401 words)

	The Kosovo Chronicles, by Dusan Batakovic (Part 2e)
		Essad Pasha evaluated that to rely chiefly on Austria- Hungary when Italy and Greece were laying open claims to the territory of the Albanian state, would be fatal to his country's survival.
		Essad Pasha used the crushing of the pro-Austrian forces to proclaim himself (with the support of Muslim tribal chiefs and the big beylics in the central parts of the country) governor of Albania in Durazzo, in late September, 1913.
		Essad Pasha realized himself that Serbia was his last outpost and that without its support he had no chance with the allies to win back his return to the country.
	members.tripod.com /Balkania/resources/history/kosovo_chronicles/kc_part2e.html (7968 words)

	AllRefer.com - Essad Pasha (Albanian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Essad Pasha[es-sAt´ pAshA´] Pronunciation Key, 1863–1920, Albanian dictator.
		Essad Pasha then governed Albania dictatorially and maintained himself, with Italian aid, until defeated (1916) during World War I by the Austrians.
		He fled abroad and headed an Albanian commission in Paris, where he was assassinated by a fellow countryman.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/EssadPas.html (233 words)

	essad pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Essad Pasha (born Essad Toptani, 1863-1920) was a leader of the opposition forces that overthrew Prince William of Wied in Albania and served as prime minister of that country for one month, shortly after William left.
		During the 1913 Balkan War, he was commander of the Ottoman forces at Shkodër, until he was forced to surrender to Montenegro in 1913.
		Though his rule was shortlived, Pasha succeeded in controlling much of central Albania until 1916, when he left for Serbia to help them in their war against the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /essad_pasha.html (304 words)

	The Kosovo Chronicles, by Dusan Batakovic (Part 2d)
		Essad Pasha first supported the uprising, but was forced to emigrate to Italy in May, 1914, having been checked by the prince's followers.
		Essad Pasha was considered an enemy to Islam, being a friend to Serbia, and therefore, an ally of the Entante.
		Contracts signed with Essad Pasha in 1914 and 1915 were, first, a draft of possible ways of contact (a real union with small territorial concessions), second, security in case the destiny of Albania would again be resolved without Serbia's participation when the war was over.
	www.snd-us.com /history/dusan/kc_part2d.htm (6908 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Pasha
		In the Ottoman Empire, the high rank of Pasha (or pascha, bashaw; Turkish spelling: paşa) typically distinguished governors and generals.
		The title of Pasha was in the gift of the sultan of Turkey and, by delegation, of the khedive of Egypt.
		Three grades of pasha exist, formerly distinguished by the number of horse-tails (three, two and one respectively) which they had the entitlement to display as symbols of authority when on campaign.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Pasha (452 words)

	Essad Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Essad Pasha (born Essad Toptani, 1863 - 1920) was a leader of the opposition forces that overthrew Prince William of Wied in Albania and served as prime minister of that country for onemonth, shortly after William left.
		As head of the powerful Toptani family, Essad Pasha was originally appointed to the cabinet created by William of Wied inFebruary, 1914, but by May of that year he had been dismissed and arrested for treason.
		For the next two years, Essad Pasha remained in Paris as an exile, attempting toorganize a coup and ensure his return to Albania.
	www.therfcc.org /essad-pasha-269346.html (252 words)

	Gallipoli biographies [Australian War Memorial]
		He was the Turkish commander who drove the invading ANZAC forces from Chunuk Bair on April 25, and who maintained the Turkish domination of the heights throughout the campaign.
		Tiring of life as a refugee, he fought for, and then against, the Soviet forces, dying in a cavalry charge in 1923.
		Enver Pasha of Turkey seated with an aide in his staff car.
	www.awm.gov.au /Encyclopedia/gallipoli/bio.htm (1083 words)

	Essad Pasha - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Essad Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When William of Wied became mpret (Albanian ruler) in 1914, Essad became his minister of war and of the interior and virtually ruled the country.
		After William left Albania, Essad made himself head of the Albanian Provisional government on 5 October 1914, and sided with the Allies in the First World War.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Essad+Pasha (208 words)

	Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pashas alineó encima de beys, pero debajo de khedives y los viziers.
		Pashas está de tres grados, antes distinguido por el número de las caballo-colas (tres, dos y una respectivamente) que fueron dadas derecho a la exhibición como símbolos de la autoridad cuando en campaña.
		Pasha se hace de una mezcla de los productos lácteos, condimentada a menudo con las almendras y las pasas.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/pa/Pasha.htm (348 words)

	Essad Pasha -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He managed to reach (A republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD) Italy, but returned to Albania following the ouster of William in September.
		After the war, he travelled to (A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) France, hoping to represent Albania at the (Click link for more info and facts about Paris Peace Conference) Paris Peace Conference but, like William of Wied, he was virtually ignored by the delegates.
		For the next two years, Essad Pasha remained in (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris as an exile, attempting to organize a coup and ensure his return to Albania.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Es/Essad_Pasha.htm (242 words)

	albania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A former officer in the Turkish army, Essad headed the rich and powerful Toptani family, magnates in and the around the town of Tirana, in the centre of the country.
		Essad's support for the Allies ensured that he emerged as the most powerful single, though not universally popular force within the country.
		Pasha (or Pashë): Lord, a title senior to that of Bey and conferred on a personal basis on senior civil officials and military officers until 1931.
	4dw.net /royalark/Albania/albania.htm (1751 words)

	Albania during First World War (1914-1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Essad, however, returned to Albania and, with the help of Serbia, occupied Durrës and reconquered Tirana and Central Albania, forming a new government, that used again the flag without eagle, showing the Muslim preponderance (April 1915).
		This flag was adopted as the official flag of Albania by Essad's provisional government, following a decision of the Albanian Senate.
		Essad called himself in this note President of Albania and General Commander-in-Chief.
	www.netlinkit.dk /fotw/flags/al-1914.html (547 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - German Officer's View on the Battle of Sari Bair, 6 August 1915
		Essad Pasha could do nothing but call up reinforcements from all quarters.
		The Turkish outposts before the main positions on the rim of the heights which on the west overlook the lowland of Tuslagol drew back in the face of overwhelming numbers, and immediately a field telephone informed the army high command of the landing of strong forces.
		Liman Pasha without delay sent an alarm to the two divisions stationed in the north-eastern part of the peninsula for the protection of the Gulf of Saros, and started them for Anaforta by forced marches.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/saribair_germanaide.htm (2181 words)

	Pasha -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pashas governed territories called pashaluks or (Click link for more info and facts about eyalet) eyalets.
		As an honorary title, Pasha equates to (A title used before the name of knight or baronet) Sir.
		Pashas ranked above (The governor of a district or province in the Ottoman Empire) beys, but below (One of the Turkish viceroys who ruled Egypt between 1867 and 1914) khedives and (A high official in a Muslim government (especially in the Ottoman Empire)) viziers.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pa/Pasha.htm (630 words)

	[Projekat Rastko - Cetinje] King Nicholas of Montenegro and Essad Pasha of Albania: The Black Mountain Folk vs. the ...
		Essad too, under the Crescent, has taken a leading part in many of the long and pitiless campaigns that have been waged by the discordant races and the militant churches of the dark peninsula.
		Essad if possible was still more critical of the behavior of the Italians in the last days of their first sojourn on the Albanian shore.
		Essad spoke a baffling French although apparently he wrote it with distinction, but he had a good knowledge of Italian, with which we eked out our conversation.
	www.rastko.org.yu /rastko-cg/povijest/sbonsal-versailles.html (9382 words)

	[No title]
		Mahmut Shefket Pasha, the hero of the revolution which resulted in the deposition of Abdul Hamid is not only a soldier, but also a statesman; a man of wide experience and education and thoroughly conversant with European conditions.
		Kamel Pasha, who is reported to have 40,000 troops, with forty-seven heavy guns and many machine guns, is said to have refused to comply with an order form the Government in Constantinople to return to the capital.
		Essad Pashha is understoop to be in Asia Minor, in the territory controlled by Kamel Pasha, and, it is said, is in touch with Kamel, presumably in thhe hope of forming a coalition for a new Government.
	www.iit.edu /~akbabul/art11-20.html (3079 words)

	Albania during the First World War (1914-1920) # fahnenversand.de - Fahnen Flaggen Fahne Flagge Nationalflaggen ...
		Essad, however, returned to Albania and, with the help of Serbia, occupied Durrës and reconquered Tirana and central Albania, forming a new government, which again used the flag without the eagle, showing the Muslim preponderance (April 1915).
		However, the eagle used in Korçë appears in a stamp released in 1917, and was used as the base of the image above.
		When the war ended, Italy installed in its occupation area a provisional government led by Turchan Pasha, as a provisional government of Regency (for a possible sovereign to be appointed).
	www.fahnenversand.de /fotw/flags/al_w1914.html (998 words)

	Prelude To World War I: Balkan Wars and Serbo-Albanian Relations
		Vasa Pasha was appealing to his compatriots; they were misguided and not fully awake; and he himself was far removed from them.
		Essad Pasha, the defender of Skadar, was one of the few Albanians who understood that.
		Essad Pasha's ideas of returning to his country (already in a stage of civil war), and establishing his own authority, and even proclaiming himself ruler, met with the full support of the Serbs.
	www.srpska-mreza.com /bookstore/kosovo/kosovo5.htm (4747 words)

	SANE Serbian-American Alliance of New England
		Supported by Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic (Sokollu), an Islamized Serb from Visegrad in Bosnia, the third vizier at the Porte, the Serbs obtained the restoration of the Patriarchate of Pec.
		Reestablishment of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1557, whose first patriarch was the brother of vizier Mehmed Pasha the Orthodox monk Makarije Sokolovic, marked a beginning of a strong religious renaissance of the Serbian millet.
		Kosovo-Metohija was ruled by renegade Albanian pashas who, like the conservative Muslim beys in Bosnia, wanted to preserve a status quo which would guarantee their privileges.
	www.sane-boston.org /aboutserbs_kos.html (6054 words)

	Essad Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Essad Pasha (Essad llevado Toptani, 1863-June 13, 1920) era un líder de las fuerzas de la oposición que derrocaron a príncipe Guillermo de Wied en Albania y servido como primer ministro de ese país para un mes, poco después Guillermo a la izquierda.
		Como cabeza de la familia de gran alcance de Toptani, Essad Pasha fue designado originalmente al gabinete creado por Guillermo de Wied en febrero de 1914, pero por mayo de ese año lo habían despedido y habían sido arrestado para el treason.
		Por los dos años próximos, Essad Pasha permanecía en París como exile, procurando organizar un coup y asegurar su vuelta a Albania.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/es/Essad%20Pasha.htm (296 words)

	Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture - A New Group of Deportees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The prisoners aboard HMS 'Benbow1 were arrested as "politically undesirable" and had nothing to do with accusations of cruelties to native Christians.
		New scries of deportations continued, in small groups, from March to November 1920, and the number of Turkish detainees at Malta reached the total figure of 144 persons.
		Following the deportation of his close collaborators to Malta, Mustafa Kemal Pasha ordered, as a reprisal, the arrest of some British officers in Anatolia.
	www.kultur.gov.tr /portal/tarih_en.asp?belgeno=9087 (239 words)

	Essad Pasha : Esat Pashë Toptani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		terms defined : Essad Pasha : Esat Pashë Toptani
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		But nevermore did either pass the gate Thro' weary and yet wearier hours, And when he felt the silence of his house And those fixt eyes of painted ancestors On him their last descendant, his own head Imbecile; his one word was `desolate';.
	www.termsdefined.net /es/esat-pash%eb-toptani.html (430 words)

	Paris Peace Talks of 1919 - Part 1 - Insight into the Creation of Greece and Albania by Risto Stefov
		When his first wife threatened to poison him for taking a second wife (he was a poor Muslim but found his religion useful at times), she was widely admired.
		Essad, as usual, played his own game, insisting that he was the president of Albania or, alternatively, its king.
		Essad briefly achieved his dream of being king, but he never sat on his throne.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov47.html (7987 words)

	Balkan Repository Project - Kosovo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was the Serbs who were the first in the Balkans to take advantage of the possibility provided for various non-Islamic communities by the structure of Ottoman system: to unite religious and ethnic affiliations through a semi-autonomous church organization.
		Supported by Mehmed Pasha Sokolllu (Sokolovic), an Islamized Serb from Bosnia, the third vizier at the Porte, the Serbe obtained the permission to renew the Pec Patriarchate.
		Kosovo was ruled by renegade Albanian pashas who, like the Muslim beys in Bosnia, wanted to preserve a status quo which would guarantee their privileges.
	www.suc.org /politics/kosovo/papers/DB-kosovo2.html (4646 words)

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