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	Esselen Tribe of Monterey County
		The Esselen were one of the least numerous groups in California, and are often cited, incorrectly, as the first California Indian group to become culturally extinct.
		This picture of Esselen extinction, although pervasive in the literature, is wrong.
		Not only did the group not become extinct, there is even recent evidence that some Esselen escaped the missions entirely by retreating to the rugged interior mountains.
	www.esselen.com (188 words)

	Esselen Indians of Big Sur and Monterey County
		The Esselen were one of the least numerous groups in California, and are often cited as the first California group to become culturally extinct.
		Kroeber (1925:545) estimated that the Esselen population was between 500 and 1,000, probably closer to 500.
		ESSELEN TRIBE, ESSELEN TRIBE OF MONTEREY COUNTY, ESSELEN.COM, the ESSELEN MASTHEAD and HANDPRINT LOGO are all trademarks of the Esselen Tribe of Monterey County.
	www.bigsurcalifornia.org /esselen.html (1168 words)

	Esselen Indians (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The word Esselen either means "the rock," "the people" ("we" as opposed to "them"), or it is a place name and has no meaning.
		The Esselen people would name everything: the individual trees, large rocks, paths, even different parts of a path would have a different name because the energy was different.
		Esselen territory to the south ended around Big Creek (Carbon dates go back 6,000 years there), to the north it ended at the Little Sur River, and inland close to King City and Gonzales.
	www.bigsurphoto.com /Esselen.html (2377 words)

	Esselen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Esselen were the Native American inhabitants of what is now known as Big Sur on the Central Coast of California.
		They were absorbed into the mision population, at Mission Carmel, and died from disease and overwork.
		The definitive work on the Esselen is by Gary S. Breschini and Trudy Haversat (2004), titled "The Esselen Indians of the Big Sur Country: The Land and the People." It was published by Coyote Press, Salinas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esselen (270 words)

	Esselen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Esselen (AT-147), was built as New York by Harlan and Hollingsworth Co., Wilmington, Del., in 1893, acquired by the Navy on 18 June 1943, and commissioned on 21 August 1943, Lieutenant F.
		Esselen was assigned to duty in the 10th Naval District, where she towed barges, and performed the multitude of small but important tasks with which tugs support the other ships of the fleet.
		Esselen sailed north to New York where she was decommissioned on 11 November 1944, and turned over to the War Shipping Administration.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/e5/esselen.htm (124 words)

	Esalen: Esselen Hands
		The name Esselen most probably derives from a tribal location known as Ex’selen, "the rock," which is in turn derived from the phrase Xue elo xonia eune, "I come from the rock." Like the picto-graphs on a rock wall that today proclaim their ancient existence, the Esselen people came from the rock.
		Numbering about 1200 at their peak, the Esselen were commonly thought to have been missionized out of existence near the close of the eighteenth century by the Spanish colonizers and priests who pressed them into indentured service and introduced diseases against which the Esselen had no immunity.
		Today there are no full-blooded Esselen remaining; estimates of their descendants vary from about 80 people to the approximately 350 members enrolled in Esselen Nation (according to the Esselen Nation Tribal Council).
	www.esalen.org /air/essays/esselenhands.htm (1579 words)

	Early History Carmel Valley- Esselen Indians
		Esselen means from the rock, and each tribe would greet each other with the gI come from the rock, meaning they were one family, one nation, one tribe.
		The Esselens fled to the caves in Cachagua and survived in the rugged terrain.
		Loretta Escobar Wyer, Chairwoman of The Esselen Indian Nation, explained, "The way we live is who we are as Indian people." She told of the private nature of the Esselens in today's society, the family cohesiveness, the cultural differences that still exist.
	www.carmelvalley.com /cvbin/esselen.html (1980 words)

	Esselen Indian Tribal History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In any case the Esselen territory was confined to a limited was bordered only by Salinan and Costanoan tribes.
		Almost nothing is known of the mode of life and practices of the Esselen, but they were certainly similar to those of the neighboring tribes.
		What little is known in regard to the Esselen language shows it to have been simple and regular and of a type similar to most of the languages of central California, but, notwithstanding a few words In common with Costanoan, of entirely unrelated vocabulary and therefore a distinct stock.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/esselen/esselenindianhist.htm (373 words)

	Esselen History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Esselen clans have changed many times through the years, including proposals to abolish them entirely.
		Esselen Lodge has hosted four Conclaves in years past beginning with Area 12-D Conclave in 1962 and 1969 and Section Conclave in 1977 and in 1997.
		Esselen covers the most geographical area, but has one of the smallest memberships for Section W3A.
	www.esselen.org /id1.html (550 words)

	Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation Today
		The Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation currently consists of approximately 500 enrolled members from thirteen extended families, with many applications pending.
		The Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation is currently in the process of reaffirming its status as an American Indian tribe with the Bureau of Indian Affairs through the Federal Acknowledgement Process administered by the Branch of Acknowledgement and Research (BAR).
		The Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation leadership submitted our tribal petition and narrative to the BAR on January 25, 1995 during a meeting at the White House in Washington, D.C. The completed petition, which meets all acknowledgement criteria, was hand-delivered to the BAR in August 1995.
	www.esselennation.com /OCENToday.html (707 words)

	NESACS - The Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gustavus John Esselen, II was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, June 30, 1888, the son of Gustavus J. and Joanna Blyleven Esselen.
		Esselen was a member of the American Chemical Society for 43 years during which time his outstanding services to the society and the profession of chemistry were recognized and honored, not only in his native New England, but throughout the United States.
		Esselen was a very sensitive person, devoted throughout his life to the fine arts and music.
	www.nesacs.org /Awards/Esselen/esselen-bio.html (517 words)

	CaliforniaPrehistory.com -- Post-Contact Esselen Occupation of the Santa Lucia Mountains
		The Esselen were one of the least numerous groups in California, and are often cited as the first California Indian group to become culturally extinct.
		From this it is clear that deaths occurred among the Esselen prior to 1782 because of Spanish attempts to capture runaways.
		If this was indeed the case, then the large number of Esselen baptized during the following months would be understandable--they knew that they could not resist the soldiers' weapons, and they simply wanted to be reunited with their children.
	www.californiaprehistory.com /reports01/rep0024.html (2120 words)

	Santa Cruz Indymedia: Esselen Nation fights for identity
		In 1992, the Esselen Nation began its application to the Bureau of Indian Affairs for recognition, amassing hundreds of documents to prove its members' existence as a tribe.
		After the Esselen submit their petition to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the tribe should be placed on a list for active consideration for recognition.
		Farr says he is supportive of the Esselen's efforts and is willing to write a letter on the tribe's behalf, but he cautions that rarely does Congress pass legislation recognizing specific Indian tribes.
	santacruz.indymedia.org /otherpress/display/30 (1452 words)

	CaliforniaPrehistory.com--Hands: A Unique Esselen Indian Artform
		Gary S. Breschini, Ph.D. and Trudy Haversat, M.A. While almost every culture that practiced rock art used the hand as a motif, the handprints left by the Esselen in a few remote caves hidden deep in the wilderness of the Los Padres National Forest of central Monterey County are among the most unusual.
		When you study the Esselen handprints, you begin to realize that they are not just casually smeared on the cave walls, nor are they simple, crudely-drawn figures.
		Several other caves or rockshelters containing smaller numbers of handprints are found in the same valley, and the next valley to the west has the weathered remains of a few more.
	www.californiaprehistory.com /reports02/rep0034.html (842 words)

	NESACS - The Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Esselen Award for Chemistry in the public interest is one of the most prestigious honors provided by the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society.
		The Award was established in 1987 to honor the memory of Gustavus John Esselen, a distinguished member of the Northeastern Section.
		The Esselen award for 2006 was presented to Richard D. DiMarchi, Gill Chair in Biomolecular Sciences and Professor of Chemistry, University of Indiana.
	www.nesacs.org /Awards/Esselen/esselen.html (370 words)

	Monterey Peninsula Regoinal Park District - Cachagua Community Park
		In 1875 the area was referred to as “Jachagua” and by 1883 the creek was noted on official surveys as “Gacho Agua.” Although the etymology of the name and its meaning are lost to history, the community itself is well defined.
		The Esselen were well established in the area, called Xasáuan, with several villages circa 1750.
		Today, in addition to the culturally significant Esselen midden, there is a ballfield, tot-lot playground, picnic facilities, and a recreation room for the community.
	www.mprpd.org /parks/cachagua.htm (432 words)

	Ohlone.html
		The elders of Esselen Nation were identified as Costanoan by the BIA and Bureau of American Ethnology during the early part of the twentieth century, so that our official name is now Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation.
		Members of the Esselen Nation still refer to the mountainous interior of the Carmel Valley, an area of profound spiritual and historical significance, as Cashagua, a name derived from the original Esselen word Xasiuan.
		Esselen Nation submitted its tribal narrative to the Branch of Acknowledgement and Research (BAR, Bureau of Indian Affairs) on January 25, 1995 during a White House meeting.
	www.usfca.edu /classes/AuthEd/NAunit/Ohlone.html (1153 words)

	The Real Esselen : Monterey County Weekly Newspaper
		Four different expedition logs from the late 18th century recount an Esselen “hunting technique” involving the hunters’ custom of donning deer hides, heads and antlers to sneak up on their prey.
		Historically, the Esselen have been left out of more general books about California Indians and are often cited as the first California group to become culturally extinct.
		The Esselen had the misfortune to be in close proximity to two of the earliest California missions (Mission San Carlos in Monterey and Mission San Antonio in south county).
	www.montereycountyweekly.com /issues/Issue.12-09-2004/literature/Article.2004-12-08.3922 (904 words)

	FDI - Esselen
		The Esselen were a semi-sedentary hunter/gatherer language family of California.
		They were located on the upper Carmel and Sur Rivers and along the coast from Point Lopez to Point Sur.
		Post Contact Esselen Occupation of the Santa Lucia Mountains http://www.californiaprehistory.com/reports01/rep0024.html
	www.fourdir.com /esselen.htm (112 words)

	A Mission Record of the California Indians
		On account of unusual size or prominence, the names of these seem to have come to be chosen to designate somewhat larger groups that had no political organization or real coherence except possibly a distinct dialect.
		The first two, "from inland," who have the same speech, distinct from that of the others, belong to the Esselen family; the other five, who "speak a common tongue," are Costanoan.
		2 The Esselen language is extinct, All that is known of it is collected in a paper on the Languages of the Coast of California South of San Fran- cisco.
	notfrisco.com /almanac/kroeber01/scarlos.html (1504 words)

	South African Military History Society - Journal- Secret Service in the South African Republic 1895-1900
		It was Esselen, possibly in conjunction only with State Secretary W. Leyds who, through the routine duties of his office, first became aware of the need to investigate disturbing indications of clandestine activities in Johannesburg.
		Esselen, the outspoken political opponent of President Kruger, who was loudly praised for his progressive political speeches before the National Union, had 'borrowed' Trimble from the Griqualand West administration ostensibly to reorganize the illicit gold and liquor branches of the Detective Service.
		Kruger's suspicion that Uitlander leaders had earmarked Esselen for an important appointment in a revolutionary government which was to be established after a successful coup, was indeed correct.
	rapidttp.com /milhist/vol032gb.html (5992 words)

	Early History Carmel Valley
		In particular, the Costanoans, Esselen and Ohlones lived around the Monterey Bay and Carmel Valley and their treatment by many of the European newcomers leaves no doubt as to who the real savages were.
		On the Buckeye Trail in Garland Ranch Park is a flat rock where it is believed the tribelet or subgroup of the Coastanoans, known to European settlers as the Rumsens or Rumsiens although this may not be what they called themselves, ground acorns into meal.
		The Esselen were one of the least numerous groups in California, and.......
	www.carmelvalley.com /cvbin/history.html (596 words)

	Pebble Beach Real Estate - Nancy McCullough / Chris Baumgart \| History Monterey Peninsula
		The name "Esselen," the historical self-identification of some of our rancherías, derives from Ex'seien, which means "The Rock." They were peaceful people who lived in temporary huts made of supple tree branches.
		The aboriginal homeland of the Esselen Nation is the southern Monterey Bay area including the lush northern Salinas Valley, the Monterey Peninsula, the rugged Big Sur coastline, and the mountainous interior from the Carmel highlands to the area around Soledad.
		The ancestral villages of the Esselen Nation were emptied as villagers were brought to the Carmel mission. Introduced diseases, fostered by the unsanitary conditions of mission life, caused high mortality and low life expectancy rates.
	www.pbestate.com /index.cfm/ID/21.htm (1113 words)

	The Real Esselen (Archaeology)
		Historically, the Esselen have been left out of more general books about California Indians and are often cited as the first California group to become culturally extinct.
		The Esselen had the misfortune to be in close proximity to two of the earliest California missions (Mission San Carlos in Monterey and Mission San Antonio in south county).
		The Esselen Indians of the Big Sur Country is available at the Thunderbird Bookstore, the Henry Miller Library, the Star Market in Salinas and on-line at www.coyotepress.com.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/1298050/posts (1373 words)

	50th ANNIVERSARY 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 50th Anniversary of Esselen Lodge 531 of the Monterey Bay Area Council will be in 2007.
		We are thinking of holding a reunion for past Esselen Lodge members.
		If you are a past Esselen Arrowmen please contact us with name, address and/or email address so we can put you on our contact list.
	himlyn.tripod.com /id68.html (105 words)

	NORTHEASTERN SECTION
		The Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society is pleased to invite nominations of worthy candidates for the Gustavus John Esselen Award for Chemistry in the Public Interest.
		The Awardee should be a living resident of the United States or Canada at the time of nomination, and the significance of this work should have become apparent within the five years preceding nomination.
		The Esselen Award has no limitations with respect to the chemical field in which the nominees are active.
	membership.acs.org /c/connval/esselin_F04.htm (602 words)

	239
		In the first place, it is stated that representations have been addressed to the Colonial Secretary on behalf of the Indian community with a view to obtaining certain modifications of the regulations.
		The facts are these: On the 30th August, a petition was addressed by Messrs Stegmann, Esselen and Roos, on behalf of “some leading Indian people of Pretoria, Standerton, Pietersburg, and Middelburg”, to the Honourable the Colonial Secretary to secure some modification of the regulations.
		In point of fact, immediately that it was known to my Association that Messrs Stegmann, Esselen and Roos’ letter of the 30th August had been dispatched to the Colonial Secretary, my Association issued forms of the petition in five different languages and circulated these all over the Colony.
	www.mkgandhi.org /cwm/vol7/ch239.htm (861 words)

	Understanding the Composition of Costanoan Indians
		As the tribal genealogist for Esselen Nation and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, Escobar has had the unique opportunity to compare those types of notes from application to application, from tribe to tribe.
		Also, as the Esselen Nation Librarian, she has had the unique opportunity to review hundreds of the 1928/33 BIA applications of all three Costanoan tribes as well as the 1948/55 and 1968/72 BIA files for Esselen Nation ancestry.
		The grandparents of the descendants of the Esselen Nation claimed that their Indian ancestors were aboriginal to Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo and La Nuestra Señora de Soledad.
	members.aol.com /Inammec/Costpaper.html (2661 words)

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