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	Process for the removal of terpenes from essential oils - Patent 5061502
		Terpenes are removed from essential oils by (a) contacting terpene-containing essential oils with a polar solid (adsorbent); (b) separating the loaded adsorbent from the liquid phase enriched with terpenes; and (c) subjecting the adsorbent loaded with essential oils to an extraction with compressed carbon dioxide.
		These essential oils frequently contain terpene hydrocarbons of the mono- and sesquiterpene series which have only a limited storage stability and are thermolabile and, in addition, display a smaller aroma intensity than the actual aroma material which is preponderantly composed of volatile oxygen-containing compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, phenols, alcohols and lactones.
		A number of processes are known for the removal of terpenes from of essential oils which, for the separation of the terpenes, utilize differences in the vapor pressure, in the polarity or in the solubility of the terpene components in comparison with the oxygen-containing compounds.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5061502.html (2304 words)

	Fourth Generation Mobile Forum
		The chair or the chair's delegate shall request that each potential essential patent holder submit either a patent letter of assurance or a statement that the potential essential patent holder is not aware of any patents or patent applications that it owns that would be infringed by a compliant implementation of the standard.
		Essential patents are those patents, including patent applications, whose infringement is unavoidable in a compliant implementation of either mandatory or optional portions of a standard and where there is no other reasonable technical implementation available.
		The response from the patent holder serves as further guidance as to whether or not to proceed with the inclusion of the referenced patented technology in the draft standard.
	www.delson.org /4gmobile/ipr.htm (2190 words)

	Essential patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An essential patent is a patent which is required in order to make a particular product.
		In particular a patent which is essential to a standard becomes very valuable if that standard becomes important.
		Considerable money can be made by obtaining submarine patent on a technology that may become essential, in order to give the technology an opportunity to become standard before the patent is published.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Essential_patent (215 words)

	MPEG LA Announces Plan for Joint Patent License for DRM Technology - Plugins and Digital Tools For Digital Artists - ...
		Third, an initial group of essential patent holders who have agreed to the terms governing the submission of patents and been found by the independent patent experts to have essential patents will be convened to prepare details of licensing terms.
		Initial patent submissions: by November 15, 2003 (although patent submissions may continue to be submitted after that date, owners of essential patents in the initial group of patents submitted by the November 15 date will form the initial group of licensors that will select a licensing administrator and determine the terms of license).
		A5: Any party that believes it has patents that are essential to the DRM Reference Model and wishes to join upon successful evaluation is invited to submit such patents to an independent patent evaluator according to the terms and procedures governing the patent submission process.
	www.pluginz.com /news/1194 (2233 words)

	Response to Hitachi, Ltd.'s, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.'s, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation's, Time Warner ...
		At that time, any patent initially designated by a Licensor for inclusion in the DVD Patent License that the expert determines is not "essential" will be excluded from subsequent DVD Patent Licenses, although current licensees will have the option to retain it in their existing licenses.
		This formula takes into account how often a Licensor's "essential" patents are infringed by either manufacture or sale of licensees' products, the age of the patents, and, in the case of patents "essential" to disc standards, whether the Licensor's patents relate to optional or mandatory features of the standard.
		Licensees' freedom to exploit their non-"essential" patents will be meaningful only to the extent that the determination whether a licensee's patent is "essential" is made independently of the Licensors and other licensees, who may earnestly wish to practice a DVD-related patent that, although attractive, is not essential to the standard.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/busreview/2485.htm (5114 words)

	W3C Patent Policy Framework
		The PAG is not constituted to assess or to develop legal opinions as to validity, infringement, or essentiality of patents at issue.
		Essential Claims held by the contributor must be licensed according to the licensing mode of the Working Group regardless of when those claims were issued.
		Patent licensing commitments made by a Member with respect to a Recommendation shall be binding on the Member in perpetuity, regardless of the Member's future relationship with the W3C, unless the proposed Recommendation has failed to become a Recommendation within two years after the final Last Call Working Draft.
	www.w3.org /TR/2001/WD-patent-policy-20010816 (5414 words)

	PATENT MISUSE IN PATENT POOL LICENSING: FROM NATIONAL HARROW TO "THE NINE NO-NOs" TO NOT LIKELY
		The doctrine of patent misuse--unenforceability of a patent as a penalty for its improper use--was firmly established in Morton Salt Co. v.
		The doctrine of patent misuse is an affirmative defense to a suit for patent infringement, and requires that the alleged infringer show that the patentee has impermissibly broadened the "physical or temporal scope" of the patent grant with anticompetitive effect.
		Patent owner P is clearly in a worse position in the second scenario described above, if the law requires him to license his technology separately.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dltr/articles/2006dltr0007.html (6692 words)

	Communications Standards and Patent Rights: Conflict or Coordination?
		Patents are one way to value the unique; standards are a technical society's means to define the uniform.
		The license fees for patents (and pending patent applications if issued) relating to communications products, once a relatively small part of the cost of such goods, are becoming a major cost for communications product manufacturers and their customers, including the communications service providers.
		Patents have become an increasing part of standards development and could be addressed in an open process separate and parallel to the technical standards work.
	www.csrstds.com /star.html (3114 words)

	PA Consulting Group - 2002 - PA press release - Essential patent rights in 3G wireless will win or lose companies ...
		Conversely, for some licensors, Essential patents have proved to be an excellent source of revenue adding tens of millions to the bottom line.
		However, unlike some other industries, today there is no central body locating, evaluating and licensing UTRA Essential patents, so it is difficult for a manufacturer to know: which companies to approach for a license; which Essential patents are the subject of negotiations; what royalty rate will be payable.
		The services are focused on the extremely valuable Essential patents, those that are embedded within the UTRA-FDD Specifications and for which a license is required by all manufacturers.
	www.paconsulting.com /news/press_release/2002/pr_20020911.htm (852 words)

	Streamingmedia.com: MPEG LA Announces Plan For Joint VC-9 Patent License
		The patent portfolio may require at least the following functions: First, as Evaluation Facilitator, MPEG LA has made a call described in this announcement for the submission of patents for an evaluation of their essentiality by independent patent experts and inclusion in a joint license if determined to be essential.
		Third, an initial group of essential patent holders who have agreed to the terms governing the submission of patents and been found by the independent patent experts to have essential patents will be convened within 30-45 days to begin considering joint license terms.
		Owners of patents determined to be essential prior to that date will be invited to attend, but patent evaluations will continue and patent submissions may continue to be made for later inclusion and participation by patent owners.
	www.streamingmedia.com /press/view.asp?id=2565 (1189 words)

	The Global Leader in News Distribution
		The call begins a process of evaluating and determining patents that are essential to these standards in order to include them in a joint patent portfolio license providing users with fair, reasonable, nondiscriminatory access to the technology as an alternative to negotiating separate licenses.
		Third, an initial group of essential patent (and patent application) holders who have agreed to the terms governing the submission of patents (and patent applications) and been found by the independent patent experts to have essential intellectual property in the Republic of Korea will be convened to decide licensing terms.
		Although submissions may continue to be made after that date, patent or patent application owners who submit patents or patent applications by that date which are determined to be essential will be invited to attend an initial meeting of essential patent holders expected to be held in March 2006.
	www.businesswireindia.com /PressRelease.asp?b2mid=8685 (1236 words)

	W3C Patent Policy
		An Essential Claim is no longer subject to exclusion if a patent holder has affirmatively agreed to license the Essential Claim (effectively waiving its right to exclude such patent under section 4) or if the relevant exclusion period under section 4 has lapsed.
		In the event a patent has been disclosed that may be essential, but is not available under W3C RF licensing requirements, a Patent Advisory Group (PAG) will be launched to resolve the conflict.
		"Essential Claims" shall mean all claims in any patent or patent application in any jurisdiction in the world that would necessarily be infringed by implementation of the Recommendation.
	www.w3.org /Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205 (3593 words)

	MPEG LA Announces Plan for DVB-H Patent License
		Any party that believes it has a patent that is essential to the DVB-H standard and would like to join a patent portfolio license upon successful evaluation is invited to submit its patent(s) for an evaluation of essentiality by MPEG LA’s patent experts.
		Third, an initial group of essential patent holders who have agreed to the terms governing the submission of patents and been found by the independent patent experts to have essential patents will be convened to decide licensing terms.
		Although patent submissions may continue to be submitted after that date, patent owners who submit patents by that date that are determined to be essential will be invited to attend an initial meeting of essential patent holders.
	www.us.design-reuse.com /news/news9361.html (1156 words)

	Patent Committee (PatCom) Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Essential patents are those patents whose infringement is, or in the case of patent applications, potential future infringement the applicant asserts will be, unavoidable in a compliant implementation of either mandatory or optional portions of a standard.
		The chair informs the members of the working group that if any individual believes that a patent or patent application might be essential to the implementation of the standard, that fact should be made known to the entire working group.
		The patent letter of assurance request is a formal request from IEEE standards developers to potential patent holders both for information concerning their patent and whether the patent holder will be willing to license that patent for use on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms.
	standards.ieee.org /board/pat/guide.html (1447 words)

	Antimicrobial composition formulated with essential oils - Patent 6346281
		As a result, essential oils are often difficult to prepare in a form that will allow them to be readily incorporated into an aqueous solution.
		The present invention is directed to an aqueous antimicrobial composition for disinfecting, sanitizing or cleaning surfaces, comprising a mixture of essential oils exhibiting antimicrobial properties in a water carrier, and a solvent sufficient to form an aqueous mixture of the essential oils in the water carrier.
		The present invention is also directed to an antimicrobial composition comprising at least one essential oil exhibiting antimicrobial properties in a water carrier, a solvent, and about 1 to 1000 ppm of an ionizing agent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6346281.html (2872 words)

	MPEG LA Announces Plan for ATSC Patent License
		The purpose of the call is to begin a process of evaluating and determining patents that are essential for the ATSC standard in order to include them in a joint patent portfolio license providing users with fair, reasonable, nondiscriminatory access to this technology.
		Any party that believes it has a patent that is essential for the ATSC standard and would like to join a patent portfolio license upon successful evaluation is invited to submit its patent(s) for an evaluation of essentiality by MPEG LA’s patent experts.
		To establish a portfolio of essential worldwide patents that are necessary for implementation of the ATSC standard in digital television sets and systems in order to provide users with fair, reasonable, nondiscriminatory access to as much essential intellectual property as possible under one license.
	www.us.design-reuse.com /news/news9362.html (1150 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Objective Evaluation of intellectual property for essentiality with respect to DRM Reference Model v 1.0 in order to establish a portfolio of essential worldwide patents providing DRM users with fair, reasonable, nondiscriminatory access to this technology under one license 2.
		Licensed patents To be essential, a patent must be found to have one or more claims whose scope encompasses part of DRM Reference Model v 1.0.
		Organization The patent portfolio may require at least the following functions: First, as Evaluation Facilitator, MPEG LA will make a call described in this announcement for the submission of patents for an evaluation of their essentiality by independent patent experts and inclusion in a joint license if determined to be essential.
	www.panapress.com /newswire.asp?code=1614 (2105 words)

	Federal Circuit Rejects Patent Misuse Challenge
		The manufacturers claimed that not all of the Philips essential patents were in fact essential to the practice of the standards and that Philips should have allowed them to license only the patents that they wanted.
		After conducting a hearing on the case, an ITC administrative law judge found that not all of the Philips patents in question were in fact essential to the standard and that Philips had created an impermissible tying arrangement because it required prospective licensees to license both essential and non-essential patents in a single package.
		The Federal Circuit's decision significantly increases the likelihood that companies holding essential patents that read on an industry standard will license all of their patents relevant to the standard in one package.
	www.ipfrontline.com /printtemplate.asp?id=6275 (728 words)

	MPEG LA News Release (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MPEG LA continues to welcome the submission of patents for an evaluation of their essentiality to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard by independent patent experts in order to include as much essential intellectual property as possible under one license for the benefit of the marketplace.
		In addition, to assure that the joint licensing development process may benefit from the views of parties who potentially may obtain essential patent rights in the future as well as those who currently have them, MPEG LA has expanded its call for essential intellectual property to include essential patent applications.
		If a patent application with essential claims is found subsequently not to contain essential claims or does not issue as a patent, it will no longer provide a basis for participation.
	www.mpegla.com.cob-web.org:8888 /news/n_03-06-13_jvt.html (366 words)

	ZDNet India > News > pressreleases > Correction to December 20, 2005, News Release Titled 'MPEG LA Announces Plan for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MPEG LA, LLC today issued a correction to its December 20, 2005, press release announcing a call for patents that are essential to the practice of the Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) and Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) standards http://www.mpegla.com/news/n_05-12-20_dmb.pdf.
		A patent scam is unfolding regarding the anticompe...
		A patent scam is unfolding regarding the anticompetitive monopolistic patent pool known as MPEGLA LLC.
	www.zdnetindia.com /news/pressreleases/stories/131915.html (1565 words)

	VC-9 essential patent holders, come on down \| The Register
		Within 30 to 45 days of this call for essential patents, the MPEGLA will call a meeting where patent expert Dr Kenneth Rubenstein and his team at Proskauer Rose in New York will decide which patents are essential and which will be combined through discussion with Microsoft into a single licensing platform.
		An initial group of patent holders whose patents are determined to be essential will be convened within 30-45 days to begin considering terms of a joint license, but the process will remain open and submissions will continue to be welcome even after that date.
		Once the license is agreed, an MPEGLA licensing administrator will be chosen by the initial group of patent holders and granted non-exclusive sublicensing rights to the codec, actively promote the program and distribute collected royalties to the patent owners.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2004/03/30/vc9_essential_patent_holders_come (598 words)

	[No title]
		CyberLink Corp. announced today ownership of a patent for technology that is essential to the Blu-ray Disc standard.
		CyberLink recently attended the first meeting of the Blu-ray Disc patent holders meeting, which was held to formulate a joint patent license for Blu-ray Disc technologies.
		The joint license is designed to simplify the licensing arrangements for the Blu-ray Disc format and is being managed by MPEG LA on behalf of 17 essential patent owners, including CyberLink.
	www.emedialive.com /Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=11651 (263 words)

	LWN: "essential patent claims" in "covered works"
		> essential patent claims in the material that the party conveyed,
		"the party's essential patent claims in the material that the party
		difference does it make whether your exercise of such patents is in the
	lwn.net /Articles/201350 (312 words)

	MPEG LA Announces Plan for DVB-H Patent License; Call for Essential Patents is First Step
		MPEG LA Announces Plan for DVB-H Patent License; Call for Essential Patents is First Step
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	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/2004/dec/1103715.htm (1570 words)

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