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Topic: Establishing shot

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	Part 4: Editing
		Our suspicions are confirmed by the second establishing shot, which shows us the other half of the ample room (shot/ reverse shot) and reveals a party going on.
		Shot / reverse shots are one of the most firmly established conventions in cinema, and they are usually linked through the equally persuasive eyeline matches.
		The 180° line is not usually crossed unless the transition is smoothed by a POV shot or a reestablishing shot.
	classes.yale.edu /film-analysis/htmfiles/editing.htm (3300 words)

	Closeups and Long Shots - By Brian Ratty. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For example, a long shot of a baby could be taken from a distance of approximately ten feet; yet if a tall building were photographed at a distance of ten feet, it would not be a long shot, but a close-up.
		The close-up is the specific, the dramatic shot; the long shot is the general, the establishing shot.
		The long shot may be used to preserve a sense of mystery, create a general atmosphere, establish a broad location or setting, indicate the total action, or simply summarize.
	www.videosuccess.com /closeups_and_long_shots.html (1405 words)

	Hypertext Syntagmas, Miles, JoDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Establishing shots are a common part of the classical cinema's lexicon and are the wide shots that are often used to establish a sequence's locale.
		Finally, the presence of an establishing shot is not necessary to cinematic narration, while its use is traditional its presence is a creative rather than a necessary decision.
		Establishing shots are used in conjunction with the 180 degree rule, so that where the establishing shot is taken from generally establishes the axis of action that informs the 180 degree rule.
	hypertext.rmit.edu.au /essays/jodi/comments/noticing/establis.html (303 words)

	GLOSSARY OF FILM TERMS
		Thus, a shot that goes on for a long time without an edit is called a "long take." During filming the same piece of action may be filmed from the same camera setup several times (e.g., trying for different emotions on the part of the actors); each time is called a take.
		A long shot usually at the beginning of a scene, to establish the spatial relationships of the characters, actions, and spaces depicted in subsequent closer shots.
		Insert: A shot of a static object, such as a book, letter, clock, murder weapon, pile of cash, inserted during the editing process, generally between two shots of a character looking offscreen, usually to indicate that this is what s/he is looking at.
	spot.pcc.edu /~mdembrow/glossary.htm (2668 words)

	Resource Centre: The Language of Film and Video [English Online]
		Given its function, a long shot is often used at the beginning of a scene or sequence, and may be combined with a panning movement of the camera to show us a wider area.
		With a mid shot the camera is close enough to pick up detail, though still far enough away to be able to follow the subject as he/she/it moves.
		A hand held shot in which a character is approached from behind usually suggests that someone is being followed and is about to be 'pounced upon'...
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /resources/resources/film.html (972 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shot remains as we see a picture of the soul stealer with description text which Harlan again reads aloud (When someone is hit by an extreme force..) S3/ shot 11 quick zoom out or shake to disorient audience as the walkie talkie sound startles Harlan.
		S5/ shot 9 CU camera on its side lying on the floor in front of Harlan’s face as his head is bleeding.
		S7/ shot 10 CU of Harlan (Give me a mirror..) S7/ shot 11 MS of crowd S7/ shot 12 ECU of Harlan’s face (Would one of y’all give me..) S7/ shot 13 MS of crowd S7/ shot 14 ECU of Evelyn’s hand reaching in her purse and producing a compact mirror.
	www.dreamfilter.multimediac.com /DFRshotlist072704.doc (2535 words)

	Dummies::Taking Your Best Shot for Your Film
		A wide establishing shot may be appropriate if you want to show that the actors are surrounded by a barren wasteland.
		Figure 1 shows a wide shot from the film Undercover Angel in TV format (close to the dimensions of a square) and a wide shot from the film The Random Factor in the wider theatrical format that is an oblong rectangular frame size.
		A two shot can either be a form of a medium shot that has two actors standing or sitting next to each other or an over-the-shoulder shot where one actor's back or profile is closer to the camera than the other actor facing the camera.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2164.html (1135 words)

	1CHC.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the reverse shot, we see a MCU of Sam, and we see that, just as in the establishing shot, his left shoulder is to the camera.
		In interpreting this shot, then, there would be nothing wrong with speculating that George and the policeman were looking at a robbery taking place across the street, or for that matter, at the cameraman, or a movie goer in the left side of the theater.
		Interestingly, in these shots, the spatial possibilities of widescreen seem to be defeated by the linear effects of focussing and graphic match, which keep the spectator's attention on the small portion of the screen conveying narrative information.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/jmurphy/BURCHfile/1CHC.html (3615 words)

	Raven's Desk - HONR348K - Minutes: "Wedding Preparations in the Country" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This establishing shot reveals both a place (the city street) and a mood (gray and dismal).
		In a metaphorical sense, the establishing shot presents the framework of the story before zooming in on the particular characters or events.
		Another interesting occurrence of a framed shot occurs later in the story, when a young woman sitting on the train platform is viewed through the crook of the policeman's arm.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~peichman/ravensdesk/honr348k/wedding_preparations.html (671 words)

	A Brief Glossary of Film Terms
		Wide shot of the principle subject from so far away that details are not seen (also called an "establishing shot" or "master shot").
		Shot from behind the actor’s head; part of the shoulder or head is in the frame.
		Shot taken from an angle about 180 degrees from the preceding shot (often used when two actors are talking to each other; or when going through a doorway).
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~wesmith/417glossary.html (460 words)

	Apparatus for establishing routine shot distance of taking lens in cameras - Patent 4363546
		The invention relates to an apparatus for establishing a routine shot distance of a taking lens of a camera, and more particularly, to such apparatus in which the taking lens is automatically moved to its routine shot distance in interlocked relationship with the opening/closing of a lens protective cover of the camera.
		Since a routine shot distance is automatically established for the taking lens 3 as the lens protective cover 4 is closed, it is possible to take a picture of an object being photographed immediately upon opening the cover 4, without requiring a distance adjustment.
		To change the routine shot distance, the knob 13 is moved up and down into alignment with one of the indices 14 while keeping it displaced to the right against the resilience of the spring 88.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4363546.html (5629 words)

	Establishing shot -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In (Photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies) film the establishing shot is a short referential section at the beginning of a scene indicating where the remainder of the scene takes place.
		For example, an exterior (A solid missile discharged from a firearm) shot on location of a large building on a rainy night, followed by an interior shot of a couple talking, implies that the conversation is taking place inside that building.
		Of course the conversation may in fact have been filmed on a studio set because of budget, permitting, time limitations, etc. Directors will frequently use subtle cues to reinforce the illusion--in this case, the sound of rain plus the occasional sight of it through a window in the background.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/es/establishing_shot.htm (142 words)

	Coverage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The fewer shots you have in a particular category, the harder it might be to edit your footage into something cohesive; however, they are not the story.
		Establishing shots are usually, but not always, associated with the beginning of a video.
		Closeup shots can look too crowded with something in the foreground, but medium shots are very nice with the subject framed by a (sometimes unlit, out of focus) shoulder of another person.
	www.jls.palo-alto.ca.us /staff/jbabb/public/coverage.html (1506 words)

	dr.bill/professional/teaching
		When a director shoots the star in Medium Long Shot and then decides to move in for a medium close up, the position of the body (including hands and legs) has to be consistent from shot to shot.
		Once that happens the establishing shot is broken down but we are still aware of where we are because the 180 line is observed.
		Now a new establishing shot (or a reestablishing shot) is used to set up the dynamics of space (it’s still the same scene but we’ve expanded our sense of place).
	www.uni.edu /~drbill/professional/teaching/tppc/notes/film.html (858 words)

	Camera Shots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Use this when you want a closer look at your subject, or when you need to transition between wide shots and close-up shots (it is difficult for the viewer to follow what you are doing if you go straight from a wide shot to a close-up shot).
		This particular shot is also called "over the shoulder" because the photographer is literally shooting video of you over the shoulder of the person you are interviewing.
		For example, a sequence could be a wide shot of the Bay, followed by a medium shot of a few windsurfers, followed by a single windsurfer zipping through the water.
	pblmm.k12.ca.us /TechHelp/VideoHelp/aGoodStuffToKnow/Camera_shots.html (563 words)

	ArtForum: "Establishing shot": Artists Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In filmic terms, "establishing shot" refers to the opening sequence of a scene, the images that spatially orient the audience and anchor subsequent events.
		Often a wide shot, or literally a long shot, it sets the location, characters, and mood of what follows, thus becoming a crucial--if often stymied (intentionally or otherwise)--point of narrative reference.
		"Establishing Shot," Christian Rattemeyer's first curatorial gambit at Artists Space, mined this definition to augur the gallery's forthcoming season through the work of ten artists who underscore the potential incompatibility between a work's formal structure and its thematic points of reference.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0268/is_1_43/ai_n6203252 (394 words)

	Cinematography \| Activity 3 \| Teacher's Resource Guide \| YMI, Ltd./AMPAS
		The "framing" of a shot simply indicates where the cinematographer has placed the borders of an image.
		For every individual shot in a film, someone has to decide where the camera will be in relation to the actors and the space they are in.
		The establishing shot helps the viewer become oriented to the new location.
	www.oscars.org /teachersguide/cinematography/activity3.html (279 words)

	Long Shot, Medium Shot, Close-Up
		Medium shots can be shot with any lens, but generally a medium lens is a lens that has the least amount of distortion, which is the same as to say that it photographs people and scenery in the way you normally see them in true perspective.
		The medium shot should generally contain all the action of the scene and it should be well matched with the flow of the long shot, so that the editor can cut smoothly or effectively at practically any point between them.
		If the medium shot is a continuation or a further development of the story contents captured by the long shot, then the medium shot should be matched to some characteristic of the long shot with which it is supposed to be intercut.
	www.releasing.net /filmmaker/long_medium_close-up_shots.html (1289 words)

	Cinema -- Directing
		A shot, normally taken from a great distance or from a "bird's eye view," that establishes where the action is about to occur.
		A shot that shows a scene from a distance (but not as great a distance as the establishing shot).
		The medium shot can be used to focus attention on an interaction between two actors, such as a struggle, debate, or embrace.
	www.learner.org /exhibits/cinema/directing2.html (528 words)

	Landmarks Stock Footage - Royalty Free By Footagehouse
		Establishing shot of The St. Louis Arch, downtown St. Louis, and The Mississippi River.
		Establishing shot of the Everglades with a bird and tall grass in the Everglades as it's being walked through.
		Establishing shot of the Everglades with a bird.
	www.footagehouse.com /landmark.htm (872 words)

	Reality Film: Film Terms Glossary: E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A shot that isolates the details of an object, such as an eye on a human face.
		A shot taken with a camera placed at approximately the same eye-level as the film subject, not the equipment operator.
		A cut between two shots that creates the illusion of a person (in the first shot) looking at an object in the second shot.
	www.realityfilm.com /resources/terms/e.html (179 words)

	VFX HQ: STAR WARS: THE SPECIAL EDITION
		An isolated shot of the new CG Dewback and CG Stormtrooper.
		Many of Luke's landspeeder shots (around 6 in all) have been 'fixed'--the orange optical blur underneath the floating speeder from the 1977 version has been erased and a new shadow was created.
		The choreography of the shots in question was enhanced--the new CG craft afford the animators a greater range of movement than the motion-control shot models.
	www.vfxhq.com /1997/sw-1.html (1760 words)

	Video Editing - Continuity Techniques
		An intermediate medium shot is generally needed to smooth out the transition and orient the audience to the new area you are concentrating on.
		or example, if you cut from the shot on the left directly to the one on the right (the area indicated by the red arrow in the wide shot), the audience would have trouble knowing where the new action was taking place within the overall scene-or even if it was in the first scene.
		Of course, cutting to a significantly different shot-for example, from a two-shot to a one shot-would be okay (even at basically the same angle), because the two shots would be significantly different to start with.
	www.cybercollege.com /tvp052.htm (1661 words)

	Establishing Shot - Wikipedia
		Ein Establishing Shot ist die erste Einstellung einer Sequenz, häufig eine Totale.
		Er zeigt meist eine Landschaftsaufnahme oder den jeweiligen Ort des Geschehens.
		Durch den Establishing Shot soll, wie der Name schon sagt, der Ort der Handlung vorgestellt und dadurch etabliert werden.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Establishing_Shot (62 words)

	PORTFOLIO REVIEW
		The shot itself is nice, but there are a couple of things that could be better.
		Also, the use of reproducing the same shot twice (between panels 4 and 6) is often a transparant one.
		While this is a good shot, once again we fall into the trap of not having a real "page-turner" for the final panel in a page.
	benchcomics.com /portfolio/week001 (1049 words)

	Washington DC Stock Footage - Royalty Free by Wrightwood Labs
		Establishing shot of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC.
		Establishing shot of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC from across the Reflecting Pool in the Washington Mall.
		Classic establishing shot of The White House during the winter with blanket of snow covering the ground during twilight.
	www.wrightwood.com /washington_dc.htm (662 words)

	Reading the Visual: Inspector Morse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The convention is for the first shot in a new scene to be an establishing shot (establishing location and key spatial relations)
		An establishing shot of an exterior is conventionally followed with a shot of the interior of the building we were just looking at; since we jump to a close-up (of the singer) rather than more the conventional mid-shot we cut here to a long shot as an (interior) re-establishing shot
		Although a dialogue would be a more obvious example, the alternation between shots of the singer and the audience is essentially the 'shot/reverse shot' convention.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Modules/MC10220/morse.html (295 words)

	Television: Glossary M-R
		Two common types of medium shots are the two shot and the three shot.
		Naturalist performance style which encourages the actor to become the character, at which point the gestures/dialects necessary for the performance will emerge organically; approaches used to achieve this union between actor and character are emotional memory, sense memory and improvisation.
		A shot in which the camera is physically situated very close to a character's position; thus the resulting shot approximates the character's point-of-view.
	www.tcf.ua.edu /TVCrit/glossaryMR.htm (1937 words)

	Editing Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuleshov effect: In the absence of an establishing shot, a series of shots will prompt the viewer to infer a spatial whole based only on seeing portions of that space.
		cutaway: a shot of another event occurring elsewhere that does not last as long as the elided action; closely associated with elliptical editing.
		establishing shot: a shot, usually involving distant (long or extreme long-shot) that shows (establishes) the spatial relations among the important figures, objects, and setting within a scene.
	www.greenville.edu /faculty/bshaw/cor101/film/editing.htm (370 words)

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