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Topic: Estonian Liberation War

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	Estonian Liberation War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Estonian Liberation War (Estonian: Vabadussõda, literally "freedom war"), also called the Estonian War of Independence, in 1918-1920, was Estonia's struggle for independent state in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
		Estonian bolsheviks declared regional local government in Narva under the name of the Estonian Workers’ Commune (Eesti Töörahva Kommun) The small, poorly-armed Estonian defense force was initially pushed back by the Red Army close to the capital, Tallinn.
		In the military conflict that ensued, the Baltic-German Landeswehr were defeated by the advancing Estonian Army in Northern Latvia near the city of Cēsis in June 1919.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Estonian_Liberation_War (905 words)

	Estonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is separated from Finland in the north by the narrow Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the middle part of the Baltic Sea.
		After the Estonian Liberation War and Treaty of Tartu signed in February 2, 1920 Estonia maintained this independence for twenty-two years, and the very same parliamentary government was reinstated in 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		The Estonian government is intending to adopt the Euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2007, and finalised the design of Estonia's Euro coins in late 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Estonia (1859 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Estonia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Estonians are one of the longest settled European peoples, whose forebears, known as the "comb pottery" people, lived on the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea over 5,000 years ago.
		Estonian government remained decentralized, with local political and administrative subdivisions emerging only during the first century A.D. By then, Estonia had a population of over 150,000 people and remained the last corner of medieval Europe to be Christianized.
		Estonian gains were minimal, but the tense stability that prevailed between 1905 and 1917 allowed Estonians to advance the aspiration of national statehood.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_estonia.html (2190 words)

	Involvement of the Estonian SS Legion in War Crimes in 1941-1945 and the Attempts to Revise the Verdict of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Involvement of the Estonian SS Legion in War Crimes in 1941-1945 and the Attempts to Revise the Verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal in Estonia
		According to the report of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes against Humanity, in September 1944, the Estonian police officers participated directly in shooting of 2000 prisoners, when the Wehrmacht was caught unawares by the Red Army units which had advanced to the immediate vicinity of the camp.
		During the war, 26 "schum" battalions were formed in Estonia in all numbered from 29th to the 45th, the 50th and from the 286th to 293th.
	www.russiaeu.org /ss-est.htm (3685 words)

	Cultural History
		One particularly favourable factor for Estonian culture was the increase in the percentage of Estonians among the urban population.
		Naturally, the Estonian language now acquired the status of the official language of the country and, due to the efforts of the school of "language reformers" who enriched it with material both from dialects and artificially created words, soon became a suitable medium for scientific as well as sophisticated artistic expression.
		It declared the Estonian language to be the official language of the republic and obliged the state administration to serve citizens both in Estonian and Russian.
	www.einst.ee /culture/culthistory.htm (4879 words)

	Valga - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For the first time in the history of gymnasiums in Valga the teaching language is Estonian.
		27 November, on the initiative of the Society, there is commemorated the beginning the Liberation War at the memorial for those killed in the war.
		1989 24 February, the first Estonian flag of the re-established independence period is hoisted to the flagpole of 12 Aia street.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Valga (996 words)

	Polish-Soviet War - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Polish-Soviet War was the war (February 1919 – March 1921) that determined the borders between two nascent states in post-World War I Europe, Soviet Russia and the Second Polish Republic.
		Poland, its territory a major frontline of the First World War, was unstable politically and already engaged in border conflicts with Germany (the Silesian Uprisings) and Czechoslovakia (border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia), while the attention and policies of revolutionary Russia were predominantly directed at dealing with counter-revolution and with intervention by the western powers.
		Their subsequent decryption in World War II by the Western Allies at Bletchley Park — given a flying head-start by Poland's having revealed her techniques and technology to Britain and France at Warsaw a month before the outbreak of war — substantially affected the outcome of the war.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Polish-Soviet_War (6488 words)

	Daftar perperangan - Wikipedia
		1792 War in defence of the constitution in Poland
		1813 - 1814 War of the Sixth Coalition
		1918 Finnish Civil War, fought between "the reds" (rebellious Socialists) and "the whites" (anti-Socialists) in the aftermath of the Revolusi Russia of 1917.
	ms.wikipedia.org /wiki/Daftar_perperangan (1506 words)

	Finnish and Swedish Security - Comparing National Policies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Finnish policy was affected by the experience of the civil war of 1918 and by the 1,300- kilometre land border with Russia.
		The Finns, in their revolt against Russian rule, also entered the Estonian liberation war in 1918 and the Finnish government encouraged the military expeditions of volunteers who crossed the eastern border in order to occupy territories in Petsamo and Russian Karelia.
		Finland fought two wars against the Soviet Union, the Winter War and the Continuation War (1941-44), but managed to remain independent whereas the three Baltic states were annexed to the Soviet Union.
	www.upi-fiia.fi /northerndimension/finswe.html (2391 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Conflicts between WWI and WWII?
		Estonian liberation war against Soviet Russian in 1919.
		Czechoslovakia invaded the same city during Russo-polish war when (and that`s another conflict) all polish forces were busy on the eastern front.
		Don't forget a little war in Burgenland between the leftist Austrian government and the Hungarians.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=48727 (865 words)

	BHHRG
		In August 2004, the monument was unveiled in Likhula in the presence of the Estonian governmental officials and consecrated by a Protestant priest.
		Dismantling of “the Likhula Monster” launched the so-called “war of monuments”, and in September-October 2004 in several regions of Estonia about 20 monuments and gravestones at graves of the Soviet warriors were vandalized.
		On October 15, “the Likhula Monster” was erected in the presence of governmental officials and veterans of the Hitler coalition in the territory of the Liberation War Museum in Lagedi.
	www.bhhrg.org /mediaDetails.asp?ArticleID=678 (374 words)

	Itching for Eestimaa
		Estonians I have spoken with are hungry for an engaging, stylish leader after five years of Rüütel.
		The Soviet President told Ruutel that he had "lost his temper" over the Estonian parliament's decision two weeks ago that declared "the state supremacy of the Soviet Union to be illegal" in the republic.
		As a person who had, already in his childhood, breathed the air of international politics and had become infected by the virus of foreign policy, it was easy for him to grasp the challenges of the new times.
	www.palun.blogspot.com (4199 words)

	The Avalon Project : Indictment : Count Three
		All the defendants committed War Crimes between 1 September 1939 and 8 May 1945, in Germany and in all those countries and territories occupied by the German Armed Forces since 1 September 1939, and in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Italy, and on the High Seas.
		These acts violated Articles 46 and 50 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed, and Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
		These acts violated Articles 46 and 52 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed, and Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/count3.htm (6471 words)

	ANNUAL REPORT 1998
		Estonian and foreign periodicals (“Muusikaleht”, “Kasvatus”, “Eesti Spordileht”, “Zeitschrift für Ethnologie”, “Zeitschrift für Geopolitik, “The Contemporary Review”, etc.) were continuously bibliographed, as well as materials concerning Estonian Liberation War.
		Two meetings and the VIIth Congress of Estonian Librarians “Libraries in the Open Society” were held at the library (the total of 50 presentations was given).
		The subscriptions of foreign periodicals were co-ordinated with Estonian Academic Library, and the libraries of the Institute of Physics, the State Court, Estonian Legislative Centre, the Institute of Zoology and Botany, Eurofaculty, and Biocentre.
	www.utlib.ee /en/publications/annual_report_1998.html (4642 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The part of society that promotes the ideas of the National Liberation War today is progressive and oriented towards civic values, while some other political forces openly support and want to rehabilitate the Chetnik movement for their own political purposes.
		Bajrami: World War II was a conflict between two sides: the fascist and Nazi forces on one side wanting to divide the world into new spheres of influence, and, on the other, the signatories to the Atlantic Charter, which can be defined as a new geopolitical program of universal and historical proportions.
		One of the reasons why this period and the role of many leaders of the liberation movement remain unclear and insufficiently studied by historians is the fact that most of the archives have been destroyed.
	www.rferl.org /reports/southslavic/2005/07/20-280705.asp (1094 words)

	[No title]
		In 1936 he was elected to Estonian Parliament (Rahvusnõukogu) /one of 80 elected/.
		Estonian President K. Päts to organize counter candidates to the communists in the election.
		Estonian National Council "ERN" (Rahvusnõukogu) was formed in 1947 in Stockholm, Sweden.
	home.swipnet.se /oole/isa-cv.htm (1373 words)

	Estonian liberation (from history of Baltic states) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The language occurs in two major dialectal forms, northern and southern; the northern, or Tallinn, dialect is the basis of the Estonian literary language.
		The first notable written materials in Estonian are the Kullamaa prayers of the 1520s.
		With a combination of bravado and mystery, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) stormed onto the Mexican political scene during the first week of 1994.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-37255 (867 words)

	[No title]
		Chairmen of the Estonian Provincial Assembly 1917 Artur Vallner 1917 - 1918 Otto August Strandmann (2) 1875 - 1941 (2) The Provincial Assembly refused to recognize the new Bolshevik rule and proclaimed itself the sole legal power in Estonia.
		The Estonian Communist Party, which till then had been illegal, was legalised after the establishment of the Soviet regime and became the sole legal party of the country.
		Sazanov (8) Unlike the first secretary who normally was an Estonian (or had at least some connection with the country) the second secretary normally was of Russian origin.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Estonia.html (1969 words)

	Learn more about List of wars in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Between Poland and Teutonic Knights, which finally broke the power of the latter.
		1918 Finnish Civil War, fought between "the reds" (rebellious Socialists) and "the whites" (anti-Socialists) in the aftermath of the Russian Revolutions of 1917.
		1918 - 1920 Estonian Liberation War, Estonia against Soviet Russia and the Germans.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_wars.html (787 words)

	Find Estonian at myEweb.com
		Association of Estonians in England and Great Britain - Inglismaa Eestlaste and#220;hingu If you are interested in Estonian events and activities in England and Scotland - then read on.
		This is the English-Estonian dictionary with more than English 17000 words with translations in Estonian and now accessible on your WAP phone.
		Regulated by: Institute of the Estonian Language (semi-official...
	uk.myeweb.com /web/index.php?qry_str=Estonian (148 words)

	Does Estonian Independence Need a Scapegoat? - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Liberation War of 1918-1920 is the greatest relic in the minds of Estonian people.
		And Estonians must be thankful to Russia for the breakup of the USSR, otherwise they would have never regained independence.
		Eleven years ago Estonian parliament adopted a law in accordance with which parliamentarians were to swear that they were never employed by foreign intelligence services.
	english.pravda.ru /society/2003/03/06/44107.html (1403 words)

	jacquesleshock: Wars in history[edit]Ancient era1200 BC
		161 - 166 - Parthian war of Lucius Verus
		1478 - War between the Principality of Moscow and the Republic of Novgorod.
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
	jacquesleshock.livejournal.com /18931.html (1718 words)

	Orders, Decorations and Medals - Medals by Country - Medals of Latvia
		It was established in 1919, when the Latvian Army fought hard for the liberation of the newly created state.
		The most severe battles at that time were with the Germans, and that is why the military order was named after the Latvian epic hero Lacplesis (Bearslayer) who is said to have fought German crusaders back in the 13th century.
		The order could be awarded to soldiers of the Latvian Army, former members of the Latvian Rifleman regiments and foreigners who had fought alongside Latvians in the Liberation War or otherwise made a significant contribution to the establishment of the Latvian State.
	www.geocities.com /athens/4795/Latvia.htm (459 words)

	Estonians in the World - Michigan, USA Main 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The goal was to gather Estonians in their new homeland, to preserve their native culture and language.
		After World War II “Kodu” was instrumental in helping Estonian displaced persons, newly arriving from refugee camps from Europe, to find housing and work.
		The third Estonian organization in Michigan is politically motivated Legion of Estonian Liberation, Michigan Post, founded in 1953.
	www.worldestonia.com /EnMiMain1.htm (985 words)

	The Contemporary Baltic Press in the Non-Soviet World - David M. Crowe, Jr.
		Several other Estonian groups headquartered in New York such as the Konstantin Pats Fund, the Estonian Learned Society, the Legion of Estonian Liberation, the Consulate General of Estonia, and others sponsor a number of books, pamphlets, and newsletters in English and Estonian that touch on Estonian history and problems since 1940 8.
		The former, once one of the largest Estonian newspapers in the West, is now a small, monthly information-news bulletin.which provides broad coverage of Soviet and Estonian questions, while the latter, Voitleja, a monthly publication supported by Estonian veterans, has excellent stories on Estonian history, current political issues, and information on Soviet Estonia 11.
		In addition, there are other isolated Estonian publications released by Estonian communities and diplomatic representatives throughout the world that add little to the current discussion 12.
	www.lituanus.org /1978/78_2_06.htm (3960 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Gen. Rudolfs Bangerskis - Awards
		One more: the fifth medal in his breast is Latvian Liberation War 10th Anniversary Medal.
		I have seen pictures of Estonian officers wearing the decoration in a similar manner, although they usually wear the Cross a bit higher.
		Anyway: one more medal: I think that the medal number four in his breast might be the Estonian Commemorative Medal of Estonia's War of Independence.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=49660 (802 words)

	IREX - Advancing Education \| Individual Advanced Research Opportunities(IARO)
		To answer this question I will conduct an in-depth study of The Union of National Liberation War Fighters (known as SUBNOR [Savez udruženja boraca narodnooslobodilacog rata]), the organization of veterans that was charged explicitly with constructing and promoting the regime's collective memory of the war.
		As a population seen as intrinsically "disloyal" to the state in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, Albanian refugees and immigrants settled in Anatolia came under fierce pressure by Ottoman and Turkish nationalist authorities to abandon their language and customs.
		Sarajevo, a symbol of war and ethnic tension throughout the twentieth century, is the best starting point to explore questions of identity, community, inter-communal relations, occupation, collaboration, and resistance in wartime Yugoslavia.
	www.irex.org /programs/iaro/grantees/grantees04.asp (3038 words)

	In English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the Estonian Liberation War at the beginning of year 1919 fought 3700 Finnish volunteers.
		Finnish emigrants have taken part in wars in the armies of their new home countries.
		The exhibition includes eight Theme Sundays, on which Finnish and Estonian experts analyze military expeditions and peace maintaining operations.
	www.lapua.fi /suomalaissoturit/inEnglish.html (315 words)

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