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Topic: Estonian War of Independence

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	Estonian Liberation War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Estonian Liberation War (Estonian: Vabadussõda [literally "freedom war"]), also called the Estonian War of Independence, in 1918-1920, was Estonia's struggle for independent state in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
		In the military conflict that ensued, the Baltic-German Landeswehr were defeated by the advancing Estonian Army in Northern Latvia near the city of Cēsis in June 1919.
		The Estonian May offensive was extremely successful and the Northern Corps mobilised local population in the liberated Russian territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence (821 words)

	Estonian History
		On February 24, 1918, the Estonian Salvation Committee declared the independent democratic Republic of Estonia, which was neutral in the ongoing war between Russia and Germany.
		Independence gave such a strong thrust to the development of the city that the architectural additions of the 1920s and 1930s, particularly in residential buildings, remain among the best of the city's buildings.
		On August 20, 1991, the Estonian Supreme Soviet declared the reestablishment of Estonian independence, on the basis of legal continuity, in Toompea Palace.
	www.revalclinic.com /england/history.htm (1292 words)

	Arts & Humanities \| Estonian History in Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Representatives of the larger parties in the Land Council formed the Estonian Salvation Committee, and on February 24, 1918, the Estonian Independence Manifesto declared the Republic of Estonia -- and it became the first of the small national republics in Europe to be formed by oppressed peoples.
		The antiparliamentary movement of the veterans of the War of Independence, orientated to Italian fascism and led by Artur Sirk, came to the fore.
		Estonian, as the national language, quickly developed into a language of research and scholarship; the amount of printed matter exceeded all which had previously been published.
	www.ibs.ee /ibs/history/brief/brief2.html (1334 words)

	War of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term War of Independence is generally used to describe a war occurring over a territory that has declared independence.
		Once the state that previously held the territory sends in military forces to assert its sovereignty or the native population clashes with the former occupier, a separatist rebellion has begun.
		If a new state is successfully established, the conflict is subsequently known as a war of independence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_of_Independence (139 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Estonians are claimed by some to be one of the longest settled European peoples, whose ancestors may have corresponded to the Comb Ceramic Culture people, who lived on the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea over 5,000 years ago.
		Estonian gains were minimal, but the tense stability that prevailed between 1905 and 1917 allowed Estonians to advance the aspiration of national statehood.
		Despite this, many Estonians heeded the call to fight the Soviets, and the initial formation of a volunteer SS Estonian legion was to eventually become a full-sized Waffen SS volunteer division, the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Estonia (11594 words)

	[No title]
		The Finns in the Estonian war of Independence
		War operations continued with succes and ended in the occupation of Haljala and Rakvere on 14 January.
		At this time a decisive cange had happened in the Estonian war of Independence, the troops advancing towards the east were already at a distance of 100 km from Tallinn and a ranger battalion led by Senior Lieutenant Kuperjanov marched towards Tartu, which was taken on 14 January.
	home6.inet.tele.dk /ron/Estonia/Pohjan_Pojat.htm (1228 words)

	Ajaloo osakond
		The aim of the thesis is to present an overview of the painting on the War of Independence, the artists who-painted on the subject, and to study the role of thematic art as a mediator of a historic myth.
		The Estonian War of Independence of 1918-1920 was a breaking point in the national history of Estonia.
		With the War of Independence the history of Estonian independence began, and the young republic needed something to generate a feeling of a single nation among its citizens.
	www.history.ee /Summar/Valdru.html (678 words)

	Estonian Art 1' 2002
		The first period of Estonian independence came to an abrupt end before the tradition of thematic painting had time to develop to its fullest, although, during the 1930s, due to the art politics of the authoritarian state, it had every opportunity to do so.
		War paintings had only a secondary role in the work of the majority of artists who created them; quite often it was a case of a single painting, standing far outside the rest of the artist's work, being perhaps only an experiment.
		War paintings were a marginal area in Estonian art, but there was still a social subscription for them, as we can see from the appeals, competitions and orders.
	www.einst.ee /Ea/heritage/valdru.html (1964 words)

	General Laidoner's State War Museum: Estonian War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Estonian War Museum (Estonian Liberation War Museum) was officially founded with the order of the day no.5 signed by Johan Laidoner, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, on January 19, 1919.
		Soon after the outbreak of the war, on June 24, 1941, 12 machine guns, 50 rifles, 35 pistols, 26 sabres and ammunition from the weaponry collection of the former War Museum were distributed to the Red Army.
		In co-operation with the Latvian War Museum in 1997 a permanent exhibition "Estonia and Latvia in the Landeswehr War" was prepared for Laidoner's 113th birthday and with Tallinn Rotary Club the Rotary Room was opened in 1998.
	www.laidoner.ee /cms/english/history (2023 words)

	General Laidoner's State War Museum: Estonian Defence between the two World Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Estonian Provisional Government resumed its interrupted activity on November 11, 1918 and on November 28 Soviet Russia attacked Estonia.The Estonian War of Independence began.
		In January 1919, the Estonian forced liberated their country from the enemy and in May 1919, the Estonian Army had reached a stage where on all fronts it could take up the offensive in order to carry military activity beyond the borders of the country.
		The Estonian Frontier Guard was under the administration of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs.
	www.laidoner.ee /cms/english/info/estonians-defence-between-the- (1049 words)

	Estonica : History : The emergence of Estonian independence
		The Estonian army under the leadership of general Johan Laidoner (1884–1953) was strongly supported by the British navy and volunteers from Finland, Sweden and Denmark.
		The Soviet Russian troops who suffered heavy losses attacking the well-fortified defence positions on Estonian borders, agreed to a truce on 31 December, and on 2 February 1920, a peace treaty between the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR was signed in Tartu.
		The foundation for Estonian independence lay in the people’s strong desire for self-determination and their own state, the more so that the necessary domestic policy preconditions were already there.
	www.estonica.org /eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=97&kateg=43&alam=61&leht=5 (1371 words)

	The Fate of the West & Southwest is Decided (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The tradition of expressing their strong patriotic feelings in song is central to understanding Estonian culture, and why their break with Moscow from 1988 to 1991 was called the "Singing Revolution." In 1862 the Estonian national epic "Kalevipoeg" by Frederich Kreutzwald was published.
		As the war dragged on and political instability increased, demands for autonomy appeared.
		Another Estonian hero was Julius Kuperjanov who raised a partisan regiment in the Tartu area and was mortally wounded at Paju while driving his troops to victory.
	www.senatorserver.net /~jenge/Estonia4.htm (694 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Estonia, 1918-1920
		In summer 1919, Estonian forces expelled the Freikorps from Estonian soil.
		In February 1920, the TARTU PEACE TREATY (Peace of Dorpat) was signed between the Republic of Estonia and the RSFSR (Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic); in it, Russia recognized Estonia's independence.
		The 2 years of war, in Estonia refered to as the WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, had cost the lives of 3,600 Estonians.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/estonia191820.html (205 words)

	Tallinn This Week / Tallinn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The capital of the Estonian Republic is one of the historic towns of Nortern Europe.
		Tallinn is the home town of the Estonian National Opera, Art Museum of Estonia, National Library, Academy of Music, Academy of Arts; around 10 theatres, the most contemporary multiplex cinema in Northern Europe (11 screens), three one-screen cinemas; a Baroque palace in Kadriorg; a Zoo and a Botanical Gardens.
		In Tallinn, on February 24, 1918, the Estonian Salvation Committee declared the independent democratic Republic of Estonia.
	www.ttw.ee /25304 (735 words)

	Analysis: Estonian War Veterans Provoke Russian Reaction - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 2001, the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity established that the 36th Estonian Division of the Waffen SS participated in the execution of thousands of Jews in the Belarusian town of Novogrudok in August 1942 and in other atrocities.
		It is hardly convincing to argue, as Mart Puusepp, a major in the Estonian Army did, according to an 6 July AFP report, that the Estonians had fought in the Waffen-SS and not in the SS itself.
		Estonian Chief Rabbi Shmuel Kot -- who heads an approximately 3,500-strong Jewish community, most of whom settled in Estonia after World War II -- said the issue of Nazi revival in Estonia was indeed topical, but had been raised by the wrong person and sent to the wrong address.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/07/33240e40-e844-436b-8351-e4579496c78d.html (1039 words)

	Estonian Liberation War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Estonian Liberation War also called Estonian War of Independence in 1917-1920 was Estonias struggle for independent state in the aftermath WW I and Russian Revolution.
		During World War I, Russian-controlled Estonia proclaimed its independence on November 28, 1917, and immediately Bolshevik troops advanced to retake the country.
		They encountered fierce resistance by the Estonians, who were helped by a British flotilla in the Baltic, and were expelled in January 1919.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/estonian_liberation_war (271 words)

	war and social upheaval: Russian Revolution and the Baltic Republics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Russia's war effort undoubtedly prevented Germany from bringing the full weight of her army to bear against France and gaining victory in the first weeks of the War.
		The Germans once the Russians were out of the war, massed their forces on the the Western Front in a massive attack to break the dead lock and win the War.
		The Estonians aided by the Allies, especially the British fleet, and Germany were able to establish their independence.
	histclo.hispeed.com /essay/war/com/sov/rr-br.html (1385 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the general mood for strong central government, a right-wing radical antiparliamentarian movement called the League of Veterans of the Estonian War of Independence (the members of which were called ‘vaps’s’), established in 1929, attracted attention on the political arena.
		The organisations of the League of Veterans of the War of Independence were shut down, over 400 prominent ‘vaps’s’ were arrested.
		In the general mood for strong central government, a right-wing radical anti-parliamentarian movement called the League of Veterans of the Estonian War of Independence (the members of which were called ‘vaps’s’), established in 1929, attracted attention on the political arena.
	www.soldat.ru /forum?page=4&id=982 (916 words)

	Encyclopedia: Estonian Liberation War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The small, poorly-armed Estonian defense force was initially pushed back by the Red Army as far as the outskirts of Tallinn.
		In this the Estonian Army was supported by a British flotilla in the Baltic as well as some Finnish, Swedish and Danish volunteers.
		These Baltic-German forces under the command of RÃ¼diger von der Goltz were effectively defeated by the Estonian Army in Northern Latvia in June 1919.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Estonian-Liberation-War (1258 words)

	The Baltic Review
		As for Estonian, it is known not to belong to the Indo-European family of languages at all.
		Latvians and Estonians found themselves under the yoke of the Germans at the beginning of the 13th century.
		The fact that during the Estonian War for Independence (1918—1919) the Estonians were opposed by a certain number of Red Latvian Riflemen should not be counted, because it was the matter of a class war, being part of the war with a more dangerous enemy—the Soviet Russia.
	www.tbr.ee /issues/vol19/norden.html (1390 words)

	Ajalooarhiiv - Estonian Historical Archives
		During the course of Estonian War of Independence, 6127 sons and daughters of the fatherland were lost: killed in action, wounded fatally or put to the death by terror acts.
		In 1925, the statue of the War of Independence was erected in that cemetery.
		For ordinary Estonian taxpayers today who constantly have nightmares about selfish and prodigal officials, it would be proper to glance at the past and get convinced that the issue is not that novel at all as they have probably thought.
	www.eha.ee /english/naitused/2003.htm (1992 words)

	The Centurians - Baltic History in the Twentieth Century
		Born in 1904 and raised in the Estonian city of Narva—a jewel of the Russian Empire at the time—Mrs.
		Rodionova and her mother immigrated to independent Estonia in 1923, where, she explains,"Everything was quiet and normal.
		Her husband was drafted into the German army during World War II and was later deported by the Soviets.
	www.balticsww.com /news/features/centurians.htm (2669 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The monuments in the park are commemorated to the Finns and Germans who died in the Finnish civil war, and to the Finnish soldiers killed in the Estonian War of Independence in 1919.
		The civil war was fought as soon as the country had become independent.
		The November 1917 general strike and political disagreements concerning the independent nation's future were factors contributing to the beginning of the war.
	www.aktivist.fi /inenglish/c.html (4624 words)

	Festival News 10 March 2005: Estonian film is trying to come out of the margins
		Estonian film is trying to come out of the margins
		Estonian animation is world-famous, and "the Estonian school" has become a concept.
		The film is about the Estonian War of Independence, and it was broadcasted by YLE at the turn of the year.
	www.uta.fi /festnews/fn2005/thursday/18236.shtml (503 words)

	Estonian Institute - Activities
		The Estonian Institute in Finland and the Estonian Embassy organise a seminar in the auditorium “Kino K-13” of the Finnish Film Foundation about the Estonian War of Independence and the Finnish help to Estonia during the war.
		10:10 Estonian War of Independence and Peace Treaty of Tartu — the basis of the republic’s identity.
		10:40 Finland as an ally in the Estonian War of Independence.
	www.einst.ee /activities.html?op=past&cat=52&id=272 (162 words)

	Photo6
		The majority of cultural establishments, entertainment spots, hotels and conference centres are located within 1 km of city centre.
		Tallinn is home to about 410,000 people, amounting to 28% of the Estonian population and 32% of those of working age.
		Salaries in Tallinn are nearly 25% larger than the Estonian average.
	carl.clickhere2.net /photo6.html (1303 words)

	Central Europe Review - Estonian News Review
		The report stated that, among the general population, 5.7 per cent of ethnic Estonians and 7.7 per cent of non-ethnic Estonians have tried illegal drugs.
		Fears of an underworld war are growing, as the managing director of Keskturg (the central market), Vadim Polishtshuk, was shot several times in an attempted hit.
		Jaanus is the last living veteran of the War of Independence who was awarded a Freedom Cross.
	www.ce-review.org /99/21/estonianews21.html (1552 words)

	The President of the Republic of Estonia: Estonian State Decorations
		The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens to give recognition for services rendered in state public service or local government and on foreigners for services rendered to the Estonian state.
		The Order of the Estonian Red Cross is bestowed in order to give recognition for humanitarian services rendered in the interests of the Estonian people and for the saving of life.
		The Cross of Liberty is a military decoration in the event of war conducted to defend Estonian independence.
	www.president.ee /en/estonia/decorations.php (472 words)

	Rahvastikuminister \| News \| Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The commission of ministers whose task is to coordinate the international introduction of the history of Estonian statehood decided at its first meeting to propose that the Government of the Republic expand the possibilities available for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Estonian Institute to prepare and distribute efficient information materials.
		A commission of ministers preparing activity plans for the erection of the Estonian statue of freedom, preserving the memory of those who perished for the independence of the Estonian State, and introducing the recent history of Estonia, and coordinating these activities, was Established by a government order at the beginning of November this year.
		The commission, headed by the Minister for Population and Ethnic Affairs Paul-Eerik Rummo, comprises the Minister of Education and Research, the Minister of Justice, the Minister of Defence, the Minister of Culture, the Ministers of Internal and Foreign Affairs, and the State Secretary.
	www.rahvastikuminister.ee /en/news.html (428 words)

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