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Topic: Estrildid finch

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Estrildidae

Lonchura

African Silverbill

Bronze Mannikin

True sparrow

Passeridae

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	Finch at exZOOberance!
		Finch, common name given to several unrelated groups of seed-eating birds including the true finches, the Hawaiian honeycreepers, and a family of tiny birds of tropical and subtropical areas of Eurasia.
		The house finch is classified as Carpodacus mexicanus, the purple finch as Carpodacus purpureus, and Cassin's finch as Carpodacus casinii.
		Yellow finches belong to the genus Sicalis, brush finches to the genus Atlapetes, and warbling finches to the genus Poospiza, all of the family Emberizidae.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20fly/finch/finch.htm (524 words)

	Estrildid finch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The estrildid finches, are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics.
		All the estrildids build large domed nests and lay 5-10 white eggs.
		Some of the fire-finches and pytilias are hosts to the brood parasitic indigobirds and whydahs respectively.
	www.theezine.net /e/estrildid-finch.html (90 words)

	F_HomemadeD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A finch is a small- to medium-sized bird that possesses a strong, broad and sharp beak designed for grasping and cracking seeds.
		With Estrildid finches, both parents take turns sitting on the nest, so there is no need for the male to regurgitate food to his mate.
		Finches are generally very easy to cater to when it comes to feeding, but the food has to be of the highest quality.
	www.nhahonline.com /finches.htm (4662 words)

	passeridae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The 25 species of true sparrow are native to Europe, Africa and Asia, but a few species, notably the House Sparrow have been introduced to other continents and are now virtually cosmopolitan.
		Like the true sparrows, the estrildid finches are small, gregarious, and often colonial seed-eaters with short, thick but pointed bills.
		Some taxonomic schemes list the estralid finches as the separate family Estrildidae, leaving just the true sparrows in Passeridae, others regard the two groups as a single family.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Passeridae.html (240 words)

	Estrildid finch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia.
		They can be classified as the family Estrildidae (weaver-finch) or as a sub-group within the family Passeridae, which also includes the true sparrows.
		Many species build roost nests Some of the fire-finches and pytilias are hosts to the brood parasitic indigobirds and whydahs respectively.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Waxbill (152 words)

	All words on Zebra Finch
		The Zebra Finch (''Taeniopygia guttata'') is the most common and familiar estrildid finch of Central Australia and ranges over most of the continent, avoiding only the cool moist south and the tropical far north.
		Zebra finches inhabit open steppes with scattered bushes and trees, but have adapted to human disturbances, taking advantage of human-made watering holes and large patches of deforested land.
		Taeniopygia guttata guattata, the Timor Zebra Finch, extends from Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tanggara in Indonesia to Sermata in addition to coastal areas around the continent of Australia.
	www.allwords.org /ze/zebra-finch.html (488 words)

	Mouth Markings of Estrildid Finches
		The mouth markings of the Zebra finch have a classic 'domino' pattern with a chevron at the top, twin marks on the tongue, and tear-shaped marks on the lower mandible.
		Star finch - Neochimia ruficauda - The Star's top three markings of the domino have joined to form a near Horseshoe that is reminiscent of the mannikins.
		Society Finch (Bangalese) - Lonchura striata domestica - A chocolate self that is close to the wild state the White-rump mannikin.
	www.efinch.com /gape.htm (1056 words)

	Song Mimesis by a Captive Gouldian Finch
		A single Gouldian Finch was hatched and raised to maturity by a pair of Bengalese Finches along with three of their own young.
		The song of the GouldJan Finch is typical of most estrildids in that it is soft and hardly discernible by the human ear beyond a few yards (Hall 1962, Immelmann 1965).
		The cross-fostered Gouldian Finch was observed in a cage with other estrildid species from November 1971 to late March 1972.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v090n04/p0891-p0894.html (2724 words)

	Indigobird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Most are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finch species; the indigobirds select fire-finches, and the whydahs chose pytilias.
		Many of the indigo-plumaged species named as "indigobirds" are very similar in appearance, with the males difficult to separate in the field, and the young and females near impossible.
		The best guide is often the estrildid finch with which they are associating, since each indigobird parasitises a different host species.
	www.theezine.net /i/indigobird.html (262 words)

	Gouldian Finch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		While one species may not please every finch breeder, a concentrated effort with several species bred year after year may give finch aviculture a chance to proceed into the next century with or without imports and wild caught birds.
		But by no means ensures the continued availability of that particular species in the U.S. Quantity and Quality are equally important in the world of finches, where a couple of years or a minor accident can spell the end of breeding for a particular pair of birds.
		In the 1970’s it was nearly impossible to purchase a pair of U.S. bred Australian finches.
	www.gouldiansforsale.com /articles/article3.htm (365 words)

	Avian Demography Unit: Bird Numbers 8(1) Article06
		The viduine finches exclusively use estrildid finches (Estrildidae) as their hosts, with each species usually parasitizing only a single estrildid finch.
		There is some evidence to suggest that estrildid nestlings that do not exhibit the species-characteristic mouth pattern are discriminated against by the parents (Reed and Freeman 1991).
		The other estrildids have very different mouth patterns to the Pintailed: for example, the Swee Waxbill has no mouth-spots on the upper mandible at all, whereas the mannikins have horseshoe-shaped bars instead of spots (Goodwin 1982).
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/stats/adu/bn8_2_06.htm (2200 words)

	Discussion Page 11
		The art of keeping birds in captivity is; being able to asses and provide the type of environment the birds need, knowing and being able to provide food similar to what they feed on in the wild and simply loving, enjoying, respecting and preserving the wild species in colors as they are in the wild.
		Because it is difficult or impossible for most Finch hobbyist (if kept to many) to provide generous amount of space for every bird in their possession, it is best to concentrate on one or two closely related species.
		Estrildid finches are more often better breeders when kept in a colony environment (together), therefore it is important to keep an aye on those rare or unknown species for any signs of aggression which would indicate that this particular species should only be bred in pairs per aviary.
	www.carduelansociety.batcave.net /discussion/index13.htm (1616 words)

	The Cutthroat Finch
		Standard finch mix (they do have a preference for the larger millets so a parakeet mix would be fine too), egg food (Roy's Egg Food), gamebird crumbles, green food and some live food.
		I believe that it is important or at least you stand a better chance of success if you allow the eggs to hatch under the societies rather than transferring chicks to the fosters.
		They are easily seen as the bird has a very wide gape and stretches his head straight up while begging rather than the typical estrildid finch's bent neck posture.
	www.efinch.com /species/cutthroat.htm (793 words)

	Breeding the Blue Breasted Parrot Finch
		It is the subject of great debate at present as to whether this is actually a different sub-species or not.) This is one of the earliest discovered members of the genus and was first described in 1817 by Vieillot.
		Estrildid finches of the world by Derek Goodwin has "No information" under the headings of "Feeding and general habits", "Nesting", "Voice", and "Display and Social Behaviour".
		The basic maintenance diet includes finch mix, wild grass seeds, duck starter, niger seed, canary seed, millet sprays and our own grit mix (includes cuttlebone and egg shells baked at 250 degrees for 20 minutes.) A selection of greens, spinach, dandelion, chicory and other dark-leaf vegetables, are added to soaked seed and fruit each day.
	www.birds2grow.com /art-forbes.html (1409 words)

	[No title]
		When it comes time for a female widow bird to lay her eggs, she simply locates the nest of a nearby Estrildid finch and surreptitiously drops the eggs inside.
		But not to worry, because the Estrildid finch will take devoted care of the abandoned birds as if they were her own.
		Not only that, baby widow birds are dead ringers for Estrildid finch chicks, both having the same colouration and markings.
	www.textfiles.com /reports/ACE/imposter.txt (1424 words)

	RECENT LITERATURE
		Smith monitored the seed ingestion of the ploceid finch, Quelea erythrops, and two different bill morphologies of the African estrildid finch, Pyrenestes ostrinus.
		He noticed that the ploceid finch most closely matched the small billed estrildid finch in beak size and seed preference.
		The significance of subadult plumage in Darwin's finches, Geospiza fortis.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v062n04/p0528-p0539.html (10345 words)

	ESTRILDA : Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Finches and Softbills and a bit of Parrotlets : Sonja Koning's personal page about Estrildid finches, softbills and parrotlets.
		Finch Cam : Beverly Wladyka's webcam : the finches of her Dream Aviary, minute after minute.
		Steve's Parrot Finch Forum : this website is organized as a meeting place between parrot finch lovers and webmasters.
	estrilda.free.fr /version3/links.html (1402 words)

	* Common Waxbill - (Bird): Definition
		This means they lay their eggs in the nests of a waxbill to be incubated and reared.
		The Common Waxbill, the St. Helena Waxbill, is the only nest they will lay in and that finch is rarely bred in captivity...
		That is the case in the African Common Waxbill, an estrildid finch, one of the most extreme examples of shared incubation...
	en.mimi.hu /bird/common_waxbill.html (81 words)

	HANCOCK HOUSE PUBLISHERS - Estrildid Finches HH Ency. - Full Synopsis
		Whether your plans simply call for a few birds in an attractive cage to brighten your home, a fully furnished aviary or something in between, this is a hobby that offers great satisfaction for everyone who enjoys being in close touch with Nature.
		In this book, you will find detailed descriptions of some of the most colorful and popular cage and aviary birds from the tropics and subtropics: Waxbills, Mannikins, Munias, Grass and Parrot Finches, together forming the Family of Estrildid Finches or Estrildines (Estrildedae).
		Estrildid Finches holds the answers to questions both scientific and practical to pursue the hobby as deeply as you wish, as well as a bounty of insight on the natural history of this species.
	www.hancockhouse.com /products/estfin_synopsis.htm (154 words)

	FINCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Search the FINCH Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the FINCH Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named FINCH at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/F/FINCH.htm (73 words)

	Java Sparrow - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Java Sparrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Java Sparrow, or Java Finch (Padda oryzivora) is a small passerine bird.
		This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in Java, Bali and Bawean.
		Java Sparrow is now uncommon in its native range, due to trapping for the cage bird trade and for human consumption.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Java-Sparrow.html (271 words)

	Zebra Finches in aviculture and Australia
		Zebra Finches have become the most popular cage birds in European aviaries behind their "competitors", the budgies and canaries: They are pretty, colourful and lively, relatively robust and easy to breed, interesting to watch and thus popular with aviculturists, showbird breeders and ethologists alike.
		On the following pages you can learn about Zebra Finches in their natural habitat in Australia and get "first aid" advice in case you have stumbled across a Zebra Finch (or the bird across you) or are thinking about buying some.
		Since the publication of my Zebra Finch book in 1984 I have kept receiving readers' letters from keepers of these endearing estrildid finches.
	www.zebrafink.de /en/home.htm (220 words)

	Parasitic weaverbirds (from mimicry) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Brood parasitism is also found in African whydahs, or widow birds, of the subfamily Viduinae of the weaverbird family, Ploceidae.
		Each species of whydah parasitizes a single species of estrildid finch (Estrildidae).
		In this case, egg colour does not seem to be a factor in acceptance of the parasite's egg, because both groups have pure white eggs.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-11906 (878 words)

	Nutrition - Finch Diet - General
		Seed alone does not have the necessary nutrients to allow a finch, sparrow, estrildid, etc. to experience it's full potential of up to and sometimes over 10 years.
		The extra expense of a "fortified" mix is wasted, as the vitamins are on the hull of the seed.
		This would be true for finches as well.
	www.lostmymarblz.com /fl-nutrition-dietgeneral.htm (784 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Figure 3 mtDNA phylogeny of brood parasitic finches and their estrildid finch host species.
		(The cuckoo finch is a parasite of several more distantly related warblers.) Indigobirds are shown in blue; firefinches and other indigobird hosts are shown in red.
		Other estrildids shown are hosts of the various whydahs.
	people.bu.edu /msoren/fig3.html (86 words)

	Bill size polymorphism and intraspecific niche utilization in an African finch
		The African estrildid finch, Pyrenestes ostrinus, shows a non-sex-linked polymorphism of bill size.
		Coefficients of variation (CVs) for bill size are extraordinarily large while CVs for body size are small and typical of other passerine species.
		Differences in bill size between morphs exceed those reported for several sympatric species of Darwin's finches believed to show character displacement1, and like many co-occurring congeneric species the morphs differ in diet.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v329/n6141/abs/329717a0.html (381 words)

	Sumarios varios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Melanin-based plumage coloration in the house finch is unaffected by coccidial infection
		Potential for transmission of the finch strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum between house finches and chickens
		Finch, R J; Hawthorne, F C; Ewing, R C
	europa.sim.ucm.es:8080 /compludoc/AA?a=Finch&donde=otras&zfr=0 (1277 words)

	Chris Balakrishnan
		The recent construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and a database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for the zebra finch, makes it an ideal species on which to conduct a survey of genomic diversity.
		Imprinting on their estrildid finch host species, female indigobirds choose mates based on their mimicry of host song and parasitize nests of the species that reared them (Payne et al.
		Clade-limited colonization in brood parasitic finches (Vidua spp.).
	www.oeb.harvard.edu /faculty/edwards/people/postdocs/bala.htm (380 words)

	Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		(2000) Visual pigments, cone oil droplets and ocular media in four species of estrildid finch.
		(1999) Strategic concealment of sexual identity in an estrildid finch.
		(2000) UV vision and mate choice in Estrildid finches from Africa, Asia and Australia.
	www.bio.bris.ac.uk /people/refs.cfm?personno=10371 (2146 words)

	Michael D. Sorenson
		Indigobirds are species-specific brood parasites of a number of estrildid finch hosts and have evolved nestling mouth markings that mimic those of the host.
		Parasitic nestlings also learn host songs and adult male parasites incorporate these songs into their courtship displays, resulting in assortative mating among parasites reared by the same host species.
		A single, ancient origin of obligate brood parasitism in African finches: implications for host-parasite coevolution.
	www.bu.edu /biology/Faculty_Staff/msoren.html (643 words)

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