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Topic: Etelkoz

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	CHAPTER 1 OF HUNGARIAN AND THEIR COMMUNITIES IN CLEVELAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Around 830 A.D., the Magyar tribes left Bashkiria and migrated west to a plains area north of the Black Sea-between the lower Danube to the Don.
		This area was called Etelkoz, or country between rivers.
		Etelkoz afforded little protection from warring tribes, however, and in 896 the Hungarians migrated further west in search of a new homeland.
	web.ulib.csuohio.edu /Hungarians/pg010.htm (1733 words)

	A THOUSAND YEARS OF THE HUNGARIAN ART OF WAR
		In 889 the Hungarians - more accurately the Magyars - settled in Etelkoz in a loose political alliance of their tribes./7/ This territory is south of Kiev, bordered by the Donets on the east and the Carpathians on the west.
		The long march from Etelkoz with families, wagons, and herds of cattle followed the Dnieper to Kiev, turned west to the Carpathian Mountains,/16/ then crossed passes with an average elevation of 6,500 to 7,000 feet above sea level.
		The careful reconnaissance of the new territory and the occupation of the entire Carpathian Basin in stages /17/ all testify to Arpad and his chieftains' organizational ability, military expertise and superior generalship.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/thou/thou02.htm (2490 words)

	Chapter 4
		In the "Etelkoz" settlement area (modern Bessarabia) the seven Onogur-Magyar tribes (Nyeck, Megyer, Kurtgyarmat, Tarjan, Jeno, Ker, Keszi) and the Khabar tribe established a firm federation under a hereditary ruler.
		Thus, shortly before their exodus from the Etelkoz area (895-896 AD), the Hungarians laid the foundation of a progressive liberal constitution.
		The elected sovereign was to rule by the will of the nation (not by the "Grace of God"), and land was to be held by the individuals as their rightful property, not in fief from their lord: thus they rejected the medieval principle of feudalism.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/timeless/chapter04.htm (1105 words)

	[No title]
		The conquering Magyars invaded the Carpathian basin in 896 AD from the Etelkoz region.
		Everything that has been said so far leads to one question, and Nagy answers that by saying that there was a people in Hungary before the conquering Magyars arrived.
		Nagy believes that they were the Medes who lived east of the Caspian sea, out of which came the Megyeri or Magyari tribes.
	econc10.bu.edu /economic_systems/NatIdentity/EE/Hungary/magyars2.htm (1182 words)

	[No title]
		The conquering Magyars invaded the Carpathian basin in 896 AD from the Etelkoz region.
		Everything that has been said so far leads to one question, and Nagy answers that by saying that there was a people in Hungary before the conquering Magyars arrived.
		Nagy believes that they were the Medes who lived east of the Caspian sea, out of which came the Megyeri or Magyari tribes.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/EE/Hungary/magyars2.htm (1182 words)

	CHAPTER 1 OF HUNGARIAN AND THEIR COMMUNITIES IN CLEVELAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Around 830 A.D., the Magyar tribes left Bashkiria and migrated west to a plains area north of the Black Sea-between the lower Danube to the Don.
		Although wedged between Khazar and Eastern Slav tribes, the Hungarians retained independence with regards to their political and economic affairs during this period.
		Etelkoz afforded little protection from warring tribes, however, and in 896 the Hungarians migrated further west in search of a new homeland.
	clevelandmemory.org /Hungarians/pg010.htm (1733 words)

	The founding of Hungary
		At the same time the Petchenegs pounced on the earlier Hungarian settlements in Etelkoz.
		Being a well- organized equestrian people, however, they soon returned to an orderly retreat, moving from Etelkoz towards the protection of the Carpathian Basin and Arpad's armies.
		In Transylvania the evacuees from Etelkoz rested and settled in seven groups according to the seven tribes of the Magyars.
	www.kfki.hu /~wmaster/honf.html (1303 words)

	THE KUVASZ
		After living as neighbors of the Chuvash people for over 1,000 years, a part of the Hungarians moved to the south to "Levedia" in approximately 750 AD, while others remained between the River Volga and the Ural Mountains in "Magna Hungaria".
		In about the years 840-850 AD, the Hungarians were forced to move westwards to "Etelkoz and they then occupied the Carpathian Basin in 896 AD living there to this day Hungarians were found by Father Julian in "Magna Hungaria" in 1236 and 1237 AD, but not any more after the Mongolian-Tartar invasion.
		A smaller part of Hungarians went to the Caucasus in 850-860 AD and there they were absorbed by other people
	hbalaw.com /KFA/kovacs.htm (2335 words)

	Medieval Europe: Your best medieval army?
		The Bulgarians struck back in the same year, invaded Etelkoz, and massacred the defenseless population of the main Hungarian settlements before the Hungarian armies had returned home.
		This disastrous situation forced Arpad to leave Etelkoz for good, along with the survivors of the Bulgarian-Petcheneg attack.
		The long march from Etelkoz with families, wagons, and herds of cattle followed the Dnieper to Kiev, turned west to the Carpathian Mountains,/
	www.allempires.com /forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=3247 (10126 words)

	Central Europe
		By 889, the Magyars had settled in the territory known as Etelkoz, south of Kiev between the Carpathians and the Donetz.
		Under a chief Lorente, they invaded the Bulgar territory north of the Danube, while the Byzantine army pushed up from the south.
		Simeon quickly took his revenge in alliance with the Patzinaks, raiding the EtelKoz.
	www.du.edu /~etuttle/misc/europe.htm (23125 words)

	Hungary: Ethnicity
		The more aggressive Turkic type Onogur-Hungarians remain in the area and participate in the campaigns of the Khazars as their allies or vassals, until the collapse of that empire, at the beginning of the IXth century.
		(e) A dissident Khazar tribe, the "Khabar", joins the ProtoHungarians and together they move further west to the area called ‘Etelkoz", the "Region between the Rivers" (Dniestr, Dniepr).
		During this last stage of their westward movement, at the end of the IXth century AD, they organize themselves into a nation of eight tribes, elect a hereditary ruling dynasty and prepare themselves for the occupation of the Carpathian basin.
	kriszta.typepad.com /hungary/ethnicity (4199 words)

	Huns and Hungarians - History Forum
		In the following centuries they are found together with Pechenegs and other turkic tribes (they probably have a turkic origin themselves) will be mentioned as strengthening Hungarian armies and fighting in the first line.
		From Dniester (Etelkoz, as you say, Constantine VII Porphirogenitus tells us they were there between 881 and 895) they were called by Byzantines (Leon VI) against the Bulgars of Simeon who was attacking Constantinopole.
		Leon VI made an alliance with Arpad, the son of Almos.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=1312 (7370 words)

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