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	Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters was born to a 12 year old mother, Louise Anderson, who had been raped by a white man, John Waters.
		Waters performed for the first time at the age of five in a children's church program.
		Waters is the author of two autobiographies: His Eye is on the Sparrow (1951) and To Me It's Wonderful (1972).
	www.wntb.com /blackachievers/ethlwaters (306 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ethel Waters
		Waters was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a twelve-year old mother who had been raped, and was raised in a violent, impoverished Philadelphia ward.
		Waters obtained her first Harlem club job around 1919 at Edmond's Cellar, a typical club of the period and area patroned by a fl audience.
		Ethel Waters was one of the most popular African-American singers and actresses of the 1920s.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ethel-Waters (1250 words)

	Ethel Waters
		Adopted by her maternal grandmother, Ethel spent most of her childhood moving from town to town and living with various aunts and uncles, most of whom were alcoholics and lived in red light districts and slums.
		Despite her enormous talent and pioneering efforts, Ethel Waters' professional and personal life were both sharply curtailed by her notorious temper, particularly as her advancing age and increasing weight made her more sensitive to and also jealous and paranoid of the attention paid to younger performers.
		While Ethel Waters may have had affairs with many of the female architects of the Harlem Renaissance, including Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Jackie "Moms" Mabley, because of her jealouises and fits of temper, her actual friendships with women were few and often short-lived.
	outcyclopedia.0catch.com /ethel_waters.html (953 words)

	Shake That Thing: The Remarkable Career of Ethel Waters
		Waters claims in her autobiography that because she was under twenty-one (the legal age to enter bars and nightclubs) when she entered show business in 1917, her mother had to sign a form stating that she was actually born in 1896.
		But Waters breathed life into the stereotypical roles she was assigned and, according to film historian Donald Bogle, she single-handedly "brought a new style and substance to the time-worn mammy." It is ironic that Waters excelled at playing the role of the loving mother, since she herself suffered such an unstable childhood.
		Ethel Waters is one of the most beloved, remarkable, and electric women of the century." Her friendships with such conservative white leaders as Graham and President Richard M. Nixon, however, alienated her from many African Americans involved in the Civil Rights Movement.
	archive.blackvoices.com /articles/daily/index_20001022.asp (1622 words)

	Philadelphia Music Alliance Walk of Fame (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethel Waters had a long and varied career, and was one of the first true jazz singers to record.
		Waters spent the latter half of the 1930s touring with a group headed by her husband-trumpeter Eddie Mallory, and appeared on Broadway in 1939 in Mamba's Daughter and in the 1943 film Cabin in the Sky; in the latter she introduced "Taking a Chance on Love," "Good for Nothing Joe," and the title cut.
		In later years Waters was seen in nonmusical dramatic roles, and after 1960 she mostly confined her performances to religious work for the evangelist Billy Graham.
	www.phillymusic.org /bios/waters.htm (192 words)

	PBS - JAZZ A Film By Ken Burns: Selected Artist Biograph - Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters grew up in the Philadelphia area, where she came more strongly under the influence of white vaudeville singers such as Nora Bayes and Fanny Brice than her southern contemporaries.
		Waters was the first fl entertainer to move successfully from the vaudeville and nightclub circuits to what fls called "the white time" (the West Indian Bert Williams had done this earlier in the Ziegfield Follies — but in flface).
		From 1960 to 1975, Waters toured with the evangelist Billy Graham, singing with less vocal prowess than before but with an undiminished ability to characterize her material.
	www.pbs.org /jazz/biography/artist_id_waters_ethel.htm (360 words)

	Ethel Waters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethel Waters, one of the world's most highly acclaimed Christian and secular singers, was born October 31, 1900, in Chester, Pennsylvania.
		Ethel was adopted by her grandmother, Sally Anderson, but because "Mom's" work required her to live elsewhere, Ethel lived with her older alcoholic aunts and uncles.
		Ethel's grandmother, a staunch Catholic, enrolled her (at the age of nine) in a Catholic school in Philadelphia.
	www.mhmin.org /FC/fc-1193EthelW.htm (571 words)

	Extravagant Crowd \| Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters was conceived when her mother, twelve years old at the time, was brutally raped.
		Waters was sent to live with physically abusive relatives; they were devastatingly poor and she was sometimes forced to steal food rather than go hungry.
		When Waters was thirteen, her mother arranged her marriage to a much older man. The relationship was abusive and lasted only a year.
	beinecke.library.yale.edu /cvvpw/gallery/waters1.html (596 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Waters, Ethel
		Ethel Waters is perhaps best remembered for the depth and acuity she brought to her fat "mammy" roles in plays and films such as Carson McCullers's Member of the Wedding (1950, 1952) and television shows such as Beulah (1950), in the title role of which she replaced the redoubtable Hattie McDaniel.
		Waters climbed to stardom from a childhood of crushing deprivation.
		Born on October 31, 1896 in Chester, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a twelve-year-old rape victim, Waters herself was married to her first husband by the age of twelve and divorced by fourteen.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/waters_e.html (980 words)

	Ethel Waters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethel Howard Waters was born in Chester Pennsylvania on October 31, 1896.
		Ethel was raised in abject poverty and at the age of 12 she was married while still attending convent school.
		Ethel was without doubt, the finest female jazz singer of all time and her rise to stardom was quite rapid.
	multirace.org /firstday/first16.htm (317 words)

	Waters, Ethel
		Ethel Waters, one of the most influential jazz and blues singers of her time, popularised many song classics including "Stormy Weather".
		Waters was also the first African-American woman to be given equal billing with white stars in Broadway shows, and to play leading roles in Hollywood films.
		Ethel played a Southern mammy, but demonstrated with a complex and moving performance that it was possible to destroy the one-dimensional Aunt Jemima image of African American women in American theater and cinema.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/W/htmlW/watersethel/watersethel.htm (540 words)

	Blues Lyrics On Line: ETHEL WATERS
		This vaudeville-type song was written by Clarence Williams who accompanied Ethel Waters on the piano when she recorded it in New York in 1928.
		Ethel Waters recored this Clarence Williams composition on 23 August 1928 in New York.
		Ethel Waters recorded this Higgins-Overstreet composition (probably) in August 1921 in New York for the Black Swan label; accompanied by her Jazz Masters.
	www.geocities.com /BourbonStreet/Delta/2541/blewater.htm (260 words)

	African American Registry: Ethel Waters, the complete entertainer
		Born in Chester, Pennsylvania, Waters came to New York City in 1919 after singing and dancing on the East Coast and the Southern vaudeville and cabaret circuit.
		On Broadway Ethel Waters appeared in Mamba's Daughters, though her greatest theatrical achievement was in 1950 when she played a cook in the play The Member of the Wedding and won the New York Drama Critics Award for best actress.
		Ethel Waters also toured with evangelist Billy Graham from 1957 until her death in 1977.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/423/Ethel_Waters_the_complete_entertainer (275 words)

	MTV.com - Movies - Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters was raised by her grandmother in the dismal ghettoes of South Philadelphia.
		By rights, Ethel Waters should have spent her last years treated with the reverence and respect due a person of her accomplishments.
		Though she left behind a comparatively tiny financial estate, the artistic legacy of Ethel Waters includes dozens of 1920s recordings, 10 film appearances, and two autobiographies.
	www.mtv.com /movies/person/65903/bio.jhtml (502 words)

	Ethel Waters: Blackbird of the Blues (RETRO Magazine)
		Warbling "St Louis Blues" to the crowded theatre while wearing a mask to conceal her nervousness, Ethel Waters brought down the house for the first of many times in her career.
		Ethel Waters never learned to read a note of music, yet she could remember a song if someone played it for her a time or two.
		The same year, Ethel was the first artist to record for Black Swan, W.C. Handy's record label, whose slogan was, "The only genuinely colored record -- others are only passing." In 1925 she moved to Columbia.
	www.jenalouisiana.com /links/ethelwaters.html (573 words)

	World Book \|\| Ethel Waters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethel Waters (1900-1977) was a popular fl American singer and actress.
		Waters won particular acclaim for her performances in the motion picture Pinky (1949) and the play The Member of the Wedding (1950).
		Waters wrote a highly praised autobiography, His Eye Is on the Sparrow.
	www2.worldbook.com /features/aamusic/html/ewaters.htm (137 words)

	Ethel Waters
		As an introduction, Ethel Waters and Nat "King" Cole are part of the Popular Singers group, which is a subset of the Legends of American Music series, issued September 1, 1994.
		A singer from early childhood, Waters was performing in saloons and vaudeville as a teenager.
		Always deeply spiritual, Ethel Waters began singing with the Billy Graham Crusades and in other worship settings, including a service at the White House.
	members.aol.com /efirpo/waters.html (251 words)

	Ethel Waters: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Waters was born in Chester, Pennsylvania (additional info and facts about Chester, Pennsylvania) and died in Los Angeles, California (additional info and facts about Los Angeles, California).
		She stated that Henderson tended to perform in a more classical style than she would prefer, often lacking "the damn-it-to-hell bass".
		She was later recorded by Columbia Records in 1925; this recording was given a Grammy Hall of Fame Award (additional info and facts about Grammy Hall of Fame Award) in 1998.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/et/ethel_waters.htm (376 words)

	Songbirds: Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters was the most confident-sounding voice to emanate from fl America during the 1920s and 1930s.
		Almost universally among Waters aficionados, the Bluebirds are the least cherished of her mercifully opulent discography; still her excellent taste in sidemen prevails throughout her year-long stay with the label.
		As "starter sets," both Ethel Waters: 1931-1940 (Classics) on Giants of Jazz (Milan), with its 27 tracks and Ethel Waters: Cabin in the Sky with only 17 tracks, but better representative of the entirety of Waters’ career, are a much better intro for the unacquainted or unconvinced.
	www.mrlucky.com /songbirds/html/oct99/9910_waters.html (856 words)

	Ethel Waters
		Ethel Waters is arguably the first woman jazz singer, with a gift for musical phrasing that immediately distinguished her from both the classic blues singers and the prevailing standards for popular singers.
		Waters is accompanied here by a variety of pianists, including Pearl Wright, Fletcher Henderson, and Maceo Pinkard.
		Ethel Waters had a long and distinguished career as a vocalist and actress, though the years she spent as a blues singer were limited to the early 1920s.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/w/waters_ethel.htm (692 words)

	Ethel Waters - 1925-1926 at Music Hills.com
		For her time she had such perfect timing and phrasing and each word is clear and precise though at times she tends to veer in the vaudevillian opretic style that was prevelant in her day.
		While Ethel Waters's years of fame as a singer coincided with those of Bessie Smith and the other classic blues singers, Waters's style and delivery were utterly different, even when she was singing similar material.
		Along with her sophisticated jazz phrasing, Waters sings with superb diction, and she's far better at delivering narrative lyrics and the requisite comic banter than her contemporaries.
	www.music-hills.com /Ethel-Waters/1925-1926-B000001NMR.htm (361 words)

	Ethel Waters -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Waters grew up in extreme poverty and was married for the first time at the age of 12, while she was still attending convent school.
		In 1927 Waters appeared in the all-fl revue Africana, and thereafter she divided her time between the stage, nightclubs, and eventually movies.
		Born in Chester, Pa., on Oct. 31, 1896, Waters broke the race barrier in the entertainment industry, becoming one of the highest paid African American entertainers in the 1930s and 1940s who worked in a variety of venues such as nightclubs, radio, stage, and screen.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9076270 (1085 words)

	African American Registry: First Black seen on television
		On The Ethel Waters Show, Waters along with the African American actresses Fredi Washington and Georgette Harvey performed a dramatic sequence from her hit play Mamba's Daughters.
		Waters, midway in what would be a long, turbulent, and illustrious career, had become at this very early time the first African American to star in her own program on the tube.
		Ethel Waters would return to television eleven years later as the star of Beulah.
	www.aaregistry.com /detail.php3?id=1115 (172 words)

	Playbill News: His Eye is on the Sparrow, Musical Bio of Ethel Waters, Premieres in Florida Oct. 7
		Ethel Waters: His Eye is on the Sparrow, a new "musical biography" about the late actress and singer Ethel Waters, gets its world premiere at Florida Studio Theatre in Sarasota Oct. 7.
		Waters was blessed, however, with a singing voice, and would work her way through the fl vaudeville circuit to Broadway and into Hollywood.
		Ethel Waters: His Eye is on the Sparrow was featured as a staged reading in FST's Florida Playwrights Festival in 2002.
	www.playbill.com /news/article/95572.html (926 words)

	Open Directory - Arts: People: W: Waters, Ethel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethel Waters - Brief biography of the artist, with a photograph.
		Ethel Waters - A look at Ethel Waters's life from a Christian perspective, from the Famous Christians in History series.
		Ethel Waters - Blackbird of the Blues - Detailed account of the career of one of the 20th Century's great blues singers, by Retro Magazine.
	dmoz.org /Arts/People/W/Waters,_Ethel (213 words)

	Harlem 1900-1940: Schomburg Exhibit Ethel Waters
		She went on a promotional tour in the South with Fletcher Henderson and the Black Swan Troubadours.
		After this, Waters continued to play the vaudeville circuit and worked in several theatrical revues.
		Waters, then a star, gave a recital at Carnegie Hall in 1938 and began to do straight dramatic work in 1939 in Mamba's Daughters.
	www.si.umich.edu /CHICO/Harlem/text/ewaters.html (283 words)

	Ethel Waters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		More than any other fl performer of the century, Ethel Waters was a woman of the theater, and the celebrity she attained in maturity as an actress tended at times to overshadow-at least in memory-the importance of her accomplishments and influence as a singer.
		Widely imitated during the 30's and 40's, one still hears echoes of Ethel Waters in many singers who came after her.
		Ethel Waters remains a towering figure in the history of jazz and American music.
	www.jazzateria.com /roots/ewaters.html (593 words)

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