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	Ethic of reciprocity - tScholars.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The ethic of reciprocity is a general philosophical principle found in virtually all religions and moral codes, often as a fundamental rule.
		The ethic of reciprocity should not be confused with tit for tat, revenge, an eye for an eye, retributive justice or the law of retaliation.
		A key element of the ethic of reciprocity is that a person attempting to live by this rule treats all people, not just members of his or her in-group, with consideration.
	www.tscholars.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Ethic_of_reciprocity (1037 words)

	Ethic of Reciprocity Encyclopedia Article @ InnerMan.com (Inner Man) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The ethic of reciprocity should not be confused with tit for tat, revenge, an eye for an eye or retributive justice.
		The ethics of reciprocity should not be confused with another major ethical principle, often known as Wiccan Rede, harm principle, or liberty principle (non-aggression principle) which is an ethical prohibition against aggression.
		This implies that ethics of reciprocity may be somewhat compatible with both reciprocal altruism and cooperative egoism providing philosophical middle ground between ethical altruism and ethical egoism.
	www.innerman.com /encyclopedia/Ethic_of_reciprocity (4710 words)

	Chapman University - Schweitzer Institute - Reverence for Life
		Ethics, then, entails reciprocity: Revere the life of the other, Schweitzer says, as you revere your own life; maintain and encourage the life of the others as you maintain and encourage your own life.
		The ethic of reverence for life is absolute and limitless; it is "responsibility without limit towards all that lives." Yet the taking of life cannot be avoided in our eating, our drinking, our maintenance of health, our everyday lives.
		Rooted in a variety of philosophical and religious traditions and reflective of a variety of ethical statements from around the world, the ethic of reverence for life deserves to be evaluated and debated in the current discussion of ethics and religions in a global context.
	www.chapman.edu /schweitzerInstitute/revRead/default.asp (2634 words)

	Reciprocity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethic of reciprocity, a general philosophical principle of most philosophies and religions.
		Reciprocity (international relations), a principle that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind.
		Reciprocity (photography), the relationship between the intensity of the light and duration of the exposure that result in identical exposure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reciprocity (241 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ethic of reciprocity
		Reciprocity of advantage: the antidote to the antidemocratic trend in regulatory takings.
		Cultural Reciprocity in Sociocultural Perspective: Adapting the Normalization Principle for Family Collaboration.
		Researching with children: lessons in humility, reciprocity, and community.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ethic+of+reciprocity (246 words)

	Interfaith Center at the Presidio of San Francisco:
		The purpose here is to develop a universal ethic that will address major problems including racism, militarism, sexism, widespread poverty, violence, ecological destruction as well as intercultural and interreligious strife.
		The Global Ethic is an expression of the emerging global consciousness.
		The Golden Rule, known also as the Ethic of Reciprocity, is considered to be a key reference point for the development of a Global Ethic.
	www.interfaith-presidio.org /resources/goldenruleglobalethic.htm (661 words)

	Where We Stand by William A. Galston (printable version)
		The challenge of renewing our civic life through the ethic of reciprocity is made even more important by the dramatic changes we have experienced during the past generation.
		This personal optimism is strengthening a new ethic of self-reliance - the belief in resilient, adaptable individuals rather than stable and dependable institutions - that is especially intense among young Americans.
		John F. Kennedy urged citizens to ask what they could do for their country, not what their country could do for them; today, few political leaders suggest that anything should be required of citizens, as a matter of duty to the community or even in return for generous benefits provided by the community.
	www.ppionline.org /ndol/print.cfm?contentid=1434 (2828 words)

	SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
		The more imperatives that issued from the ethic of reciprocity among neighbors were raised, the more rational the conception of salvation became, and the more it was sublimated into an ethic of absolute ends.
		Organic social ethics (where religiously substructured) stands on the soil of brotherliness, but, in contrast to mystic and acosmic love, is dominated by a cosmic, rational demand for brotherliness.
		All kinds of practical ethics that are systematically and unambiguously oriented toward fixed goals of salvation are rational, partly in the same sense as formal method is rational, and partly in the sense that they distinguish between valid norms and what is empirically given.
	ssr1.uchicago.edu /PRELIMS/Theory/weber.html (14128 words)

	Ethic of reciprocity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is equivalent to the Tit for tat strategy in game theory for the iterated prisoner's dilemma.
		This indicates that the golden rule may have had significant utilitarian justification as well as deontological justification.
		The Golden Rule, Ethic of Reciprocity, and the Wiccan Rede
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethic_of_reciprocity (4551 words)

	Steve Farber: The Ethic of Reciprocity
		Okay, so everyone knows the Golden Rule: “do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” Christian or not, most of us have heard it since we were kids and have some version of it committed to memory.
		Somewhere in our hearts, subconscious, or wherever we store this kind of thing, we know that we’re all supposed to subscribe to and practice the ethic of reciprocity.
		I’ll tell you what I mean in my next post; in the meantime, I ask that you read this web page and just reflect a little on the implications contained therein.
	stevefarber.com /mt/archives/2006/07/the_ethic_of_re.html (685 words)

	An imbalance in believers' obligations
		Almost all religions have an Ethic of Reciprocity.
		Our opinion is that all religious groups need to give greater emphasis to their Ethic of Reciprocity, and emphasize that it applies to everyone in the world: both to fellow believers, to persons of other religions, and to persons of no religion.
		They need to teach that is is quite possible to promote the right of a person to follow a different religion, even while rejecting the accuracy of another person's faith or lack of faith.
	www.religioustolerance.org /rel_theory2.htm (1378 words)

	Versions of the Golden Rule in 21 world religions (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In our opinion, the greatest failure of organized religion is its historical inability to convince their followers that the Ethic of Reciprocity applies to all humans, not merely to fellow believers.
		It is our belief that religions should stress that their membership use their Ethic of reciprocity when dealing with persons of other religions, the other gender, other races, other sexual orientations, etc. Only when this is accomplished will religiously-related oppression, mass murder and genocide cease.
		There are some situations in which a strict application of the Ethic of Reciprocity is contraindicated because it can lead to harming others.
	www.religioustolerance.org.cob-web.org:8888 /reciproc.htm (1709 words)

	AMA (Virtual Mentor) Op-Ed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For many faiths and religions around the world, this ethic of reciprocity serves as the basis for moral and ethical conduct.
		The teacher inspired by the ethic of reciprocity is not motivated by personal benefit.
		I firmly believe the simple wisdom of this ethic of reciprocity is a key to educating for professionalism.
	www.ama-assn.org /ama/pub/category/9806.html (842 words)

	News_Article
		Such an ethic is shaped by an acceptance of mutual vulnerability, a vision of common security and the escalation of mutual trust rather than mutual terror."
		At first I thought that by "ethic of reciprocity" the bishops meant a "bluff" deterrence.
		Nevertheless, if the "ethic of reciprocity" merely involves support for such a reduction of nuclear weapons—while at the same time forcefully declaring that one could never, under any circumstances, use such weapons—wouldn’t it be more honest if unilateral disarmament were frankly endorsed?
	www.goodnewsmag.org /news/1101Knippers.html (646 words)

	WAS THE STATE INEVITABLE
		Hinduism in its earliest phase seems to have promoted an exploitationist ethic, according to which the Aryan master race had the right to conquer everybody else; but as Hinduism developed, and interacted with the newly emerging Buddhist and Jaina systems, the old warrior ethic began to be questioned.
		The Confucians advocated an ethic of reciprocity: treat others in the same way that you would want to be treated (the Golden Rule).
		But over time Judaism (perhaps under the influence of Persian Zoroastrianism) developed in a more universalistic direction, with strong support for an ethic of reciprocity ("love thy neighbor as thyself"); and it was from this strand of Judaic thought that Christianity emerged.
	libertariannation.org /a/f44l1.html (2232 words)

	Values Memory, Global Ethic And Civil Crisis Management
		ethic could be a bridge to complementarity of religions and cultures.
		Global ethics -a concept which mainly has been elaborated in the same time in the 1990s as the importance of the NGOs has increased -is used in current discussion: mainly in two senses.
		Secondly, it seeks further solutions from a global ethic and from the new role of NGO (Non Governmental Organisation) movements in society and from the analysis of the motivational background of the terrorism.
	tkk.joensuu.fi /avoin/opiskelu/verkko-opinnot/globaali/heinonen.htm (10580 words)

	Introduction to the ethic of reciprocity (golden rule) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One result of the Ethic is the concept that every person shares certain inherent human rights, simply because of their membership in the human race.
		Religions that teach the existence of one or more Gods or Goddesses generally attribute their Ethic of Reciprocity to their deity or deities, or to the accumulated tradition of their faith group.
		Non-theistic religions and ethical systems generally base their Ethic of Reciprocity on the teachings of their founder, or derive them from rational grounds.
	www.religioustolerance.org.cob-web.org:8888 /mor_dive3.htm (706 words)

	Rime Buddhist Center
		Several examples of the golden rule can also be found in the Buddhist scriptures, "Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful." Udana-Varga 5:18 and "...a state that is not pleasing or delightful to me, how could I inflict that upon another?" Samyutta NIkaya v.
		It is important that the golden rule is not confused with the ethic of reciprocity.
		The ethic of reciprocity has to do with retaliation or tit for tat.
	www.rimecenter.org /column.cfm?articleID=6 (281 words)

	Washington Campus Compact
		Service-learning is based on a reciprocal relationship in which the service reinforces and strengthens the learning, and the learning reinforces and strengthens the service.
		Articulating and sharing this ethic of reciprocity can be a challenge for both community partners and faculty.
		The purpose of this exercise is to consider service-learning so that the ethic of reciprocity is part of every element of the experience: from developing the course focus to creating an appropriate position, to designing opportunities for students to share their experiences with a wider audience.
	www.wwu.edu /depts/campcomp/archived/newsletter_Winter_2004.html (3185 words)

	Scarboro Missions — Golden Rule and The Global Ethic
		The challenge to implement a global ethic is complicated by the disparity and diversity in our world.
		Clearly, the Golden Rule has the capacity to be the ethical cornerstone in developing a Global Ethic as the human family works together to build a peaceful, just and sustainable global society.
		The philosophy of the Global Ethic is well summarized in "Towards a Global Ethic: An Initial Declaration".
	www.scarboromissions.ca /Interfaith_dialogue/gold_rule_global_ethic.php (886 words)

	The Golden Rule, Ethic Of Reciprocity and the Wiccan Rede
		The principle of reciprocity is often the justification, motivation and, in some cases, the essence of a moral code.
		Impractical and inhuman, this ethic has only ever been realized by asocial sectarian groups who break away from the rest of the world; rather than create a working ethic that increases the goodness of the world they abandon the world to the more cruel leaders who they fail to oppose.
		The ethic of reciprocity is too idealistic, and can only ever maintain the status quo rather than create an atmosphere of goodwill.
	www.vexen.co.uk /notes/golden.html (1351 words)

	Ethic of reciprocity (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		According to the Bible itself, the commandments represented the solemn utterances of God on Mount Sinai (sometimes called Mount Horeb), directly revealed by God to Moses and then by Moses to the people of Israel in the third month after their Exodus from Egypt.
		Ethic of reciprocity: Encyclopedia II - Ten Commandments - Texts of the commandments
		The Samaritans have a slightly different version of the Torah than the Jews, that is written in the original Hebrew script and harmonizes many of its contradictions.
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /ethic_of_reciprocity/page/2 (1220 words)

	aa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Golden Rule or the ethic of reciprocity is found in the scriptures of nearly every religion.
		It is often regarded as the most concise and general principle of ethics.
		Situation Ethics holds that moral ideas and judgments must be made relative to the situation at hand.
	www.bsu.edu /classes/gerhard/tcom101/ww.htm (223 words)

	Newsvine - The Ethic of Reciprocity
		Beliefs of religious groups, some Old World pagan cultures, and non-theistic ethical systems, like Humanism, differ greatly in their concepts of deity, other beliefs and practices, but one principle is accepted by almost everyone: it is the Ethic of Reciprocity.
		The Ethic of Reciprocity is the concept that we should treat others as we would wish them to treat us.
		A logical development of this Ethic is the principle that each individual is of equal worth, simply because they are human.
	aine.newsvine.com /_news/2006/05/20/211510-the-ethic-of-reciprocity (2175 words)

	Absolute Love
		This ethic of reciprocity is stated in Christianity as the "law and the prophets".
		It is is based on the love expressed in the reciprocity of the Golden Rule.
		If you put other people down because of their religion, then the spiritual part of you likewise stays down to hold them there and you can not rise to the fullest spiritual union of love in God.
	www.communities.ninemsn.com /AbsoluteLove/yourwebpage15.msnw (516 words)

	Lee Godden What is Ethical Profitability?
		In the fallout from Enron and others, many investors are paying closer attention to a company’s ethics, as well as their profits.
		These investors realize that a corporate focus on profits alone—with little regard to ethical standards, conduct and enforcement—may result in short-term revenue gain, but long-term profitability may be limited.
		Most employees, when not at work, practice personal ethics in areas such as caring for others, being kind and honest, and not harming others.
	www.zenwise.com /ethical-profitability.htm (650 words)

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