Ethical egoism - Factbites

Ethical egoism - Factbites
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Topic: Ethical egoism

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	Ethical egoism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethical egoism is not to be confused with rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest, but not that it is ethically imperative.
		Ethical egoism is in contrast with the ethical doctrine of altruism which holds that individuals have an ethical obligation to help or serve others.
		Ethical egoism is present in the philosophies of individuals such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard and Max Stirner (who was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethical_egoism (696 words)

	Egoism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Opponents of ethical egoism may claim, however, that although it is possible for this Robinson Crusoe type creature to lament previous choices as not conducive to self-interest (enjoying the pleasures of swimming all day, and not spending necessary time producing food), the mistake is not a moral mistake but a mistake of identifying self-interest.
		However, the logical extrapolation is philosophically difficult (and, hence, intriguing) because ethical egoism is the theory that the promotion of one’s own self-interest is in accordance with morality whereas rights incorporate boundaries to behavior that reason or experience has shown to be contrary to the pursuit of self-interest.
		If we move away from the imaginary construct of a single being’s world, ethical egoism comes under fire from more pertinent arguments.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/egoism.htm (4051 words)

	Egoism
		True, the ethical egoist is unlikely to recommend ethical egoism to others, to blame others for violations of what ethical egoism requires, to justify herself to others on the basis of ethical egoism, or to express moral attitudes such as forgiveness and resentment.
		Ethical egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be morally right that it maximize one's self-interest.
		Ethical egoism then says that it is right for me to do something I cannot aim to do.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egoism (4320 words)

	Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy
		Ethical egoism is a normative theory that states that our actions ought to be done from the perspective of self-interest.
		It is interesting to note that while egoism rests on the principles of human psychology, a number of studies in the psychology of moral development seem to suggest that 'egoism' is in fact only a first stage in actual moral development.
		See excerpts from the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on Egoism.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/80130/part2/sect7.html (169 words)

	Holo3.htm
		Thus the ethical standards of analysis provided by rational egoism and moral subjectivism were clearly inadequate for individuals seeking to define ethical conduct in the face of the chaos of the Holocaust, and if anything allowed perpetrators to justify their cruelties to themselves.
		And this revised set of ethical constraints opened the door to an orgy of killing and atrocity that could be nothing short of abhorrent to modern standards of decency.
		The trouble arises when the ethical code is separated from the context for which it was designed (normal society) and placed into circumstances that no longer reflect the same consequences (Nazi occupied territories).
	www.brianistheman.com /writing/Holo3.htm (1074 words)

	Ethical Egoism
		Ethical egoism would have each person assign greater importance to his/her interests than to the interests of others (that is, the group consisting of himself/herself rather than the group consisting of everyone else), and frequently no morally relevant reason for this difference can be given.
		Ethical egoism is the theory that people ought to do what is in their best interest or in the interest of their own well-being.
		Therefore, ethical egoism is morally arbitrary (in the same way the racism or sexism is morally arbitrary).
	www.uwyo.edu /moffett/courses/phil1000/lecture12.html (260 words)

	Lecture 4—Egoism
		But then ethical egoism cannot be sound, for it precludes the interpersonally authoritative regulation of interpersonal conflicts of interest, since such a regulation implies that conduct contrary to one’s interest is sometimes morally required of one, and conduct in one’s best interest is sometimes morally forbidden to one.
		Objection: Ethical egoism is incompatible with ethical conflict-regulation.
		Thus, ethical egoism is incompatible with ethical conflict-regulation.
	www.angelfire.com /ab3/freewill/CMILecture4.htm (868 words)

	ego.txt
		For purposes of stating ethical egoism, it will be useful to suppose that on each occasion of acting, an agent chooses from a collection of actions that are possible for him or her then and there.
		Ethical Egoism says we have no moral duty except to do what is best for ourselves.' (80) This is much better, but still requires some fleshing out.
		The philosopher James Rachels states it in simpler, clearer terms: 'Ethical Egoism is the idea that each person ought to pursue his or her own self-interest exclusively.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~philos/phil160/ego.txt (3616 words)

	Ethical Egoism
		Standard objections to ethical egoism are evaluated, and the conclusion is drawn that ethical egoism is incomplete.
		Ethical egoism is the prescriptive doctrine that all persons ought to act from their own self-interest.
		Universal ethical egoism is the universal doctrine that all persons should pursue their own interests exclusively.
	philosophy.lander.edu /ethics/ethical_ego.html (1001 words)

	Animal Ethics Clarifier: an encyclopedia of animal ethics - E Enteries
		If you advocate Ethical Egoism as a moral policy that others should follow, then they are likely to act against you (because they will be acting in their own interests).
		Ethical egoism also encourages individual freedom and responsibility for your actions; you decide what to do for yourself and bear the consequences.
		Ethical Monism asserts that there is a single and consistent ethical standard or principle (or set of principles) that we can apply to all ethical problems worldwide.
	www.wolftrust.org.uk /aec-e-entries.html (2878 words)

	PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL EGOISM
		Rand contrasted ethical egoism with her definition of “altruism.” Altruism, in her view, meant that one was morally required to sacrifice themselves and their interests for others.
		Ethical egoism, by contrast, is a normative position.
		You cannot profitable ask psychological egoism to answer questions like, “How should I behave?” or “Which course of action is right or wrong?” All psychological egoism can tell you is “Whatever you do, it will be selfish,” not a very satisfying answer to these sorts of questions.
	www.ccaurora.edu /phi112/egoism.htm (1369 words)

	Ethical Egoism II
		Ethical Egoism II Ethical Egoism II EEh: An act, A, is morally right iff A maximizes hedonic agent utility.
	web.nmsu.edu /~jvessel/Philosophy/egoism2.html (367 words)

	Morality
		He argues that Ethical Egoism is an extreme form of racism, tantamount to the insane view that one is a uniquely, cosmically privileged character, worthy of obeisance by all others and to whom all others’ interests must be subordinate.
		Ethical Egoism says, in effect, that life is an individual sport in which every player, every person, is trying to grab all the marbles.
		Ethical Egoism is a moral theory in our sense, but a very odd one.
	www.unc.edu /~ujanel/Morality.htm (2023 words)

	Ethical Egoism: Structure of the Psychological Case Against
		For example, ethical egoism is sometimes supported by an appeal to psychological egoism--even when we know we cannot derive an "ought" from an "is." But often ignored is the consequence of certain ethical positions on the individual and on individual and social relationships.
		Is there a correlation between such attributes and ethical egoism or are such attributes likely to be evenly distributed among different persons holding different normative or metaethical theories?
		Something to ponder: Many ethical positions are adopted because we think that human behavior is such and such.
	www.auburn.edu /~whitesw/PA504/ethical%20egoism%20arguments%201.html (291 words)

	ETHICAL EGOISM A CRITICAL REVIEW, Quick Term Papers, Term papers, 060304
		This paper shows that ethical egoism underlies a fundamental assumption of self-interest and happiness whereas ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the norms of society.
		Examines the positions of ethical egoism and relativism about morality of individual action and their validity in the contemporary discourse of philosophy.
		It is ethically positive to provide proactive family and flexibility programs for the workforce, but most companies won't do so unless it's profitable or legally mandated.
	www.quicktermpapers.com /lib/essay?A=netessays&KEYW=Ethical+Egoism:+a+Critical+Review (2628 words)

	Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism
		Interestingly, in “Egoism and Moral Skepticism,” James Rachels argues that ethical egoism is not inconsistent.
		So the argument against egoism is that ethical egoists must ultimately contradict themselves.
		Psychological egoism is the claim that people always act selfishly, to foster their own self-interest or happiness.
	instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/Egoism.html (2110 words)

	Transtopia -- Egoism
		In brief, egoism in its modern interpretation, is the antithesis, not of altruism, but of idealism.
		Modern egoism, as propounded by Stirner and Nietzsche, and expounded by Ibsen, Shaw and others, is all these; but it is more.
		There is no word more generally misinterpreted than the word egoism, in its modern sense.
	www.transtopia.org /egoism.html (1459 words)

	Philosophical constructs: Ethical egoism and altruism
		This dependence of egoism upon altruism ranges beyond the limits of each society and tends ever towards universality.
		A GREAT part of the perplexities in ethical speculation arises from neglect of the distinction between the absolutely right and the relatively right.
		Though altruism of a social kind, lacking certain elements of parental altruism, can never attain the same level, yet it may be expected to attain a level at which it would be like altruism in spontaneity--a level such that ministration to others' happiness would become a daily need.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Outline_of_Great_Books_Volume_I/ethicaleg_ccd.html (1309 words)

	ethical egoism
		Ethical Egoism should not be confused with its cousin, Psychological Egoism.
		Ethical Egoism is not agreed upon by everyone.
		There are also several arguments against Ethical Egoism.
	filebox.vt.edu:8080 /j/jcote/ethego.htm (1256 words)

	Egoism
		If ethical egoism is true, that appears to imply that psychological egoism is false: there would be no point to saying that we ought to do what we must do by nature.
		An alternative formulation of ethical egoism states that I ought to act in my own self-interest--even if this conflicts with the values and interests of others--simply because that is what I value most.
		It seems that anyone who truly believed in individualistic ethical egoism could not promote the theory without inconsistency.
	webs.wofford.edu /kaycd/ethics/egoism.htm (602 words)

	Ethical Egoism
		There are several ethical theories that are practiced around the world and are the subject to debates everywhere.
		Ethical theories provide a guideline on how moral dilemmas should be handled.
		Ethics is defined by Douglas Birsch, author of the book Ethical Insights, as “the investigation into how we ought to live.” He also points out that the part of ethics that is discussed most often is how to live successfully with other people.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=netessays&dest=viewpaper.php?request=86619 (257 words)

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		From the perspective of ethical egoism, that and that alone is the ground for the principle of "truth telling."
		Ethical egoism explains why this principle holds -- it explains the ground of our obligation.
		In the second version, everybody ought to act in their own best interest, and they ought to be concerned about others only to the extent that this also contributes to their own interests.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /pecorip/SCCCWEB/ETEXTS/ETHICS/Chapter_5_Teleological_Theories_Egoism/Ethical_Egoism.htm (769 words)

	The Ethics Site. Ethical Egoism, Psychological Egoism; Ayn Rand
		Among the major critiques of ethical egoism are C. Broad, "Egoism as a Theory of Human Motives," reprinted in Egoism and Altruism, edited by Ronald Milo (Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1973), pp.
		Much contemporary work about ethical egoism is inspired by libertarianism.
		Ayn Rand& novels, such as Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead, provide a powerful literary expression of the ethical egoist’s standpoint; her explicit statement of the egoist’s standpoint is to be found in her The Virtue of Selfishness (New York: Signet, 1964).
	ethics.sandiego.edu /theories/Egoism/index.html (1521 words)

	egoism -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Includes a bibliographic survey of the topic, with separate headings for historical statements of egoism, altruism, sociobiology and altruism, critiques of and arguments for ethical egoism, ethical egoism and moral sensitivity, and libertarianism.
		He often depicted the victory of evil, of egoism, and of immorality, but these elements were offset by his light, amusing touch.
		(from Latin ego, “I”), in philosophy, an ethical theory holding that the good is based on the pursuit of self-interest.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9032086&query=altruism&ct=eb (302 words)

	Ethical Egoism: Rachels Chapt. 6
		Ethical egoism and only ethical egoism allows each individual's life to be of supreme importance or ultimate value to them.
		The Argument That Ethical Egoism is Unacceptably Arbitrary
		The Argument That Ethical Egoism is Self-Defeating (LH)
	members.aol.com /wutsamada2/ethics/rachels6.htm (1567 words)

	Ethical Egoism: a Critical Review free essays
		Ethical egoism is a theory of ethics which states that all people should act in accordance with their own personal interest.
		For the duration of this essay, ‘egoism’ and ‘ethical egoism’ will refer to the above definition, and ‘altruism’ will refer to the opinion that one should always act in a way that will benefit others.
		There are, according to Rachel, three main arguments in favor of ethical egoism.
	www.needfreeessays.com /viewpaper/25945.html (274 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: E proposition-Emotivism
		Ethical egoism is the normative theory that right conduct can be defined in terms of (an enlightened notion of) one's own welfare.
		Psychological egoism holds that all human beings are, as a matter of fact, motivated to act only in pursuit of their own (at least apparent) advantage, never for the sake of others.
		Though often held jointly, the distinction between fact and value clearly renders the two views distinct: some might argue that human beings ought to act on their own behalf even though they don't always do so, while others could suppose that they invariably do act selfishly even though they ought not.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/e.htm (1284 words)

	Ethical Egoism
		B and K (see the story in the book) are both forced by ethical egoism to thwart each other in their duty.
		Therefore, according to Baier, ethical egoism must be false since there are some moral situations where conflict cannot be resolved.
		(5) Thus Ethical Egoism is the philosophy that ought to be accepted
	www2.drury.edu /cpanza/egoism.html (1006 words)

	Study Questions: Rachels (Ethical Egoism)
		Presented this way, Ethical Egoism is offered as an account of the ultimate grounds of our current, conventional morality.
		The first objection to Ethical Egoism is due to Kurt Baier (my ethics professor in graduate school).
		[This section clarifies the nature of Ethical Egoism]
	www.uic.edu /classes/phil/phil100e/study_questions_rachels.htm (526 words)

	Institutional Research
		A major problem with ethical egoism is “it does not endorse moral equality and
		Ethical Egoism and Ethical Explain ethical egoism (according to Birsch: “The idea that moral good and bad
		What does “consequentialist” mean in relation to ethical egoism?
	www.bemidjistate.edu /InstRes/Studysheet.htm (551 words)

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