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Topic: Ethics of Flourishing

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Objectivist philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The ethics of Objectivism is based on the theory that each person is responsible for achieving his or her own rational self-interest. The contemporary philosopher Thomas E. Hill has explicitly defended Kant against this charge in his article, "Happiness and Human Flourishing in Kant's Ethics," in the anthology Human Flourishing. The key tenets of the Objectivist metaphysics are (1) the Primacy of Existence, (2) the Law of Identity (Aristotle's "A is A"), and (3) the Axiom of Consciousness. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objectivist_philosophy

Virtue Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] Virtue ethics seems to be essentially interested in the acquisition of the virtues as part of the agent's own well-being and flourishing. Virtue ethics, however, has influenced modern moral philosophy to not only by developing a full-fledged account of virtue, but also has caused consequentialists and deontologists to re-examine their own theories with view to taking advantage of the insights of virtue. The idea that ethics cannot be captured in one rule or principle is the "uncodifiability of ethics thesis." Ethics is too diverse and imprecise to be captured in a rigid code, so we must approach morality with a theory that is as flexible and as situation-responsive as the subject matter itself. www.utm.edu /research/iep/v/virtue.htm   (6448 words)

Practical Ethics In the discipline of philosophy, both meta-ethics and normative ethics are 'formal' activities, which is to say that like mathematical theory or theoretical physics, they are a priori, analytic and a-empirical. 'Ethics is an inquiry into moral values, an evaluation of the moral norms embodied in our discourse and practice, and a concern for what is good or right in our individual and collective lives. First, the formal character of ethics is an artifact of philosophers fearing for their jobs in the 1800s. www.practicalethics.net /ethics.html   (950 words)

Practical Ethics Practical ethic rejects the dichotomy of meta- versus normative ethics, theoretical versus applied ethics. 'Ethics is an inquiry into moral values, an evaluation of the moral norms embodied in our discourse and practice, and a concern for what is good or right in our individual and collective lives. In the discipline of philosophy, both meta-ethics and normative ethics are 'formal' activities, which is to say that like mathematical theory or theoretical physics, they are a priori, analytic and a-empirical. www.practicalethics.net /ethics.html   (950 words)

Will Wilkinson / The Fly Bottle: Third Letter to a Young Objectivist: Ethics The kind of life envisioned in the Objectivist ethics may be attractive in some ways, and may help contribute to a good society by helping to promote the refinement and application of reason, but it is not rationally mandatory for those wishing to live flourishing human lives. As I've stressed before, the Objectivist ethics is severely handicapped by its lack of a credible theory of human nature. In other words, Rand's claim is that the Objectivist ethics is a necessary condition for a certain kind of life, a life we have a reason to aspire to. www.willwilkinson.net /flybottle/archives/2005/03/third_letter_to.html   (950 words)

The (Five) Objectivist Ethics If, in exploring the various interpretations of Objectivist ethics, two or more of these theories are found to conflict, then we have a pretty good idea that at least one of the theories is false. While all the various Objectivist theories are generally pro-life and will yield the same ethical prescriptions for most scenarios, in some cases there will be a difference depending on which variant of the Objectivist ethics one accepts. The common thread among the ethics is a dual foundation of value: life and happiness are seen to be independently valuable (hence the "duality"). www.freecolorado.com /ari/iphil/5oethics.html   (950 words)

The Semantics of Value I see yet another division in Objectivist ethical interpretation within the "flourishing" camp, the division between those who hold a "happy life" to be the standard of ethics, and those who hold that some sort of deontologically-principled life is the standard. And they reject ethics which are "anti-self" and "agent-external." However, it is not merely the case that they adopt ethical "principles," but, rather, that they adopt a particular type of principles, a type which is particularly "deontic" in nature, a type which is seen as good apart from consequentialist ends. Similarly, "deontological" ethics generally define particular types of behavior as intrinsically good, and these types of behavior can be called "principles," but a "deontological" view could just as well hold that acting in a stream-of-consciousness "pragmatism" is intrinsically valuable. www.freecolorado.com /ari/iphil/semanticsvalue.html   (2880 words)

Environmental Ethics Environmental ethics is the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. From the perspective of virtue ethics, the motivation and justification of actions are both inseparable from the character traits of the acting agent. Although nature was the focus of much nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, contemporary environmental ethics only emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970s. plato.stanford.edu /entries/ethics-environmental   (9453 words)

Virtue Ethics This basic fact about us should make more comprehensible the claim that the virtues are at least partially constitutive of human flourishing and also undercut the objection that virtue ethics is, in some sense, egoistic. Deontology and virtue ethics share the conflict problem (and are happy to take it on board rather than follow some of the utilitarians in their consequentialist resolutions of such dilemmas) and in fact their strategies for responding to it are parallel. Some believe that ethics can be placed on a secure basis, resistant to any form of scepticism, such as what anyone rational desires, or would accept or agree on, regardless of their ethical outlook; others that it cannot. plato.stanford.edu /entries/ethics-virtue   (5346 words)

Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics ToC: The Online Library of Liberty In his ethical treatises Aristotle offers a defense of the idea of eudaimonism (human flourishing or happiness) which is achieved as a result of human choice in search of excellence and the good life. Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics ToC: The Online Library of Liberty oll.libertyfund.org /Home3/BookToCPage.php?recordID=0328   (1164 words)

Oxford Scholarship Online: Kierkegaard's Ethic of Love God's commands should be obeyed, not because of fear of divine punishment, but out of love and gratitude for the good that God has bestowed on humanity. God's commands are not arbitrary; they are directed at human flourishing and lead to genuine happiness, even though obedience to them requires self-denial and is not egoistically motivated. Additionally, this form of divine command theory resists the fundamental objections often posed against a religiously grounded ethic. www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/religion/0199272174/toc.html   (337 words)

Virtue Ethics Virtue ethicists are often accused of naivete in thinking that being virtuous is a good bet if you want to flourish, where flourishing is understood independently of the virtues; but virtue ethics rejects this conception of flourishing. Virtue is the concept which has become the central one in recent philosophy, sometimes obscuring the importance of the idea of the agent’s overall flourishing to which the virtues contribute. Different virtue theories offer us differing ways of making our reflections more theoretically sophisticated, but virtue ethics tries to improve the reasoning we all share, rather than replacing it by a different kind. www.u.arizona.edu /~jannas/forth/coppvirtue.htm   (9751 words)

Virtue Ethics Virtue ethicists are often accused of naivete in thinking that being virtuous is a good bet if you want to flourish, where flourishing is understood independently of the virtues; but virtue ethics rejects this conception of flourishing. It seems to depend partly on the assumption that flourishing must be specified independently of the practice of the virtues, so that they are just means to it as an independently agreed end, and partly on the assumption that ethical disputes about lives are disputes about alternative means to agreed-upon ends. Virtue theory takes advantage of the fact that human rationality has been the subject of scientific study by psychologists for quite some time now, though it has only recently been recognized that it is this, rather than some outdated Aristotelian ideas, which form the basis of a naturalistic support for virtue theory. www.u.arizona.edu /~jannas/forth/coppvirtue.htm   (9751 words)

The Semantics of Value I see yet another division in Objectivist ethical interpretation within the "flourishing" camp, the division between those who hold a "happy life" to be the standard of ethics, and those who hold that some sort of deontologically-principled life is the standard. Similarly, "deontological" ethics generally define particular types of behavior as intrinsically good, and these types of behavior can be called "principles," but a "deontological" view could just as well hold that acting in a stream-of-consciousness "pragmatism" is intrinsically valuable. The "survivalists," those "flourishers" who look to "happiness and life," and those of us who adopt a pure-happiness standard, reject entirely the deontological take on ethics as presented by R&D, Cathcart, and Neustaeter. www.freecolorado.com /ari/iphil/semanticsvalue.html   (2880 words)

Open Court: Liberty and Nature The authors lay the foundations for their thesis by rebutting the most prominent arguments against the Aristotelian approach; they then offer a new interpretation for Aristotelian ethics as a natural-end ethics in which human flourishing is the ultimate moral standard. In Liberal Nature, Rasmussen and Den Uyl set out to show that the Aristotelian approach to ethics supports the natural rights which form the most secure basis for liberal principles. Aristotle's way of thinking has normally been understood as hostile to any liberal, pluralistic, or commercial society. www.opencourtbooks.com /books_n/liberty_and_nature.htm   (2880 words)

The 2004 Positive Psychology Summit Eudaimonism has gained a toehold in the moral development community, but if you want to converse about human flourishing, or about happiness in a moral context, or about Aristotle’s ethics— the Summit is the place to go. The Summit is one of the few places in the world of academic psychology where ethical eudaimonism — the view that ethics is about living a good or fulfilled life, rather than doing one’s duty or maximizing utility — is taken seriously. An admirer of The Fountainhead with an interest in psychological research will find the Summit refreshing in its emphasis on positive values and virtues. www.theatlasphere.com /columns/printer_040901-campbell-positivepsych.php   (984 words)

Compton's Desk Reference - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! His ethical and political theory, especially his conception of the ethical virtues and of human flourishing (“happiness”), continue to exert great influence in philosophical debate. He wrote prolifically; his major surviving works include the Organon, De Anima (“On the Soul”), Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, Eudemian Ethics, Magna Moralia, Politics, Rhetoric, and Poetics, as well as other works on natural history and science. deskreference.britannica.com /ebc/print?tocId=9355778   (984 words)

ought510.htm Virtue ethics also must take the view that the characteristics that fit us for functioning in societies of various types are also characteristics that it is possible for a person to display consistently and still lead a happy "flourishing" life. It happens that I have been reading Rosalind Hursthouse's fine recent book, On Virtue Ethics, where she considers, in the third section, the metaethical issues confronting the project of "naturalizing morality". As Hursthouse admits in the last, poignant 7 pages of her book, this is a conjecture that at least some of the findings of evolutionary psychology may throw into some doubt, particularly from the standpoint of selfish gene (or genome) theory. www.fortunecity.com /victorian/dada/90/egroup/ought510.htm   (1778 words)

Queen Mary, University of London > Undergraduate and postgraduate courses As the award of a 5* rating in the recent RAE confirms, at the Queen Mary School of Law there is a flourishing and vigorous research environment with a truly international reputation for excellence. Collaboration with Barts and The London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, (created from the medical schools of St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London Hospitals), takes place in the areas of research ethics and clinical ethics committees, teaching and joint publications. All postgraduate students (research and taught) are registered as Queen Mary students (and not as Department or CCLS students or the students of particular units); and, of course, for each research student the primary bond is the personal one between the student and his or her supervisor. www.qmul.ac.uk /courses/department.php?dept_id=14&article_id=242   (1778 words)

Secular Humanist Meeting Secular Humanism is system of belief that includes an atheistic and scientific world view with reason-based ethics and a way of life devoted to promoting human flourishing. The purpose of this memorandum is to request that Secular Humanism, a non-religious system of belief that includes a world view, set of ethics, and way of life be granted official recognition and support by the Chaplains Corps commensurate with that support traditionally reserved for religions and religious systems of belief. Humanist and Freethought organizations are happy to provide support in many instances, especially for a developed plan; however, for these meetings, we will use personal materials, and prior donations from the American Humanist Association. www.dday76.net /shm.html   (1778 words)

Aristotle -- Politics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] This is because Aristotle believed that ethics and politics were closely linked, and that in fact the ethical and virtuous life is only available to someone who participates in politics, while moral education is the main purpose of the political community. And here we see the link between ethics and politics in a different light: the role of politics is to provide an environment in which people can live fully human, ethical, and happy lives, and this is the kind of life which makes it possible for someone to participate in politics in the correct way. And in discovering and living according to the right laws, acting with justice and exercising the virtues that allow human society to function, we make possible not only the success of the political community but also the flourishing of our own individual virtue and happiness. www.iep.utm.edu /a/aris-pol.htm   (1778 words)

Nietzsche's Moral and Political Philosophy Nietzsche's moral philosophy is primarily critical in orientation: he attacks morality both for its commitment to untenable descriptive (metaphysical and empirical) claims about human agency, as well as for the deleterious impact of its distinctive norms and values on the flourishing of the highest types of human beings (Nietzsche's “higher men”). Thus, the normative component of MPS is harmful because, in reality, it will have the effect of leading potentially excellent persons to value what is in fact not conducive to their flourishing and devalue what is in fact essential to it. Yet a philosopher reluctant to talk about “man as he ought to be” is plainly ill-suited to the task of developing a normative ethics, understood as systematic and theoretical guidance for how to live, whether that guidance comes in the form of rules for behavior or dispositions of character to be cultivated. plato.stanford.edu /entries/nietzsche-moral-political   (15691 words)

Ethics, Chapter X Prior to passing to the exposition of the ethics of positivism and evolutionism it is necessary to dwell, even if briefly, on the moral teachings of some philosophers of the nineteenth century, who, though they took the metaphysical and spiritualistic viewpoint, still exerted a certain influence upon the development of modern ethics. Though the post-revolutionary period in France did not produce such pessimistic teachings as the doctrines of Schopenhauer, still the epoch of the restoration of the Bourbons, and the July Empire, are marked by the flourishing of spiritualistic philosophy. During this period the progressive ideas of the Encyclopædists, of Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Condorcet, were replaced by the theories of Victor de Bonald, Josephe de Maistre, Maine de Biran, Royer-Collard, Victor Cousin, and other representatives of reaction in the realm of philosophical thought. dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/ethics/ch10.html   (15691 words)

SP&P 15:1 (Winter 1998) -- Virtue and Vice Thus, virtue ethics can be contrasted with theories such as utilitarianism, which assesses the value of an action in terms of its consequences, or Kantianism, which evaluates an action according to its conformity with a universalizable moral rule. For the advocate of virtue ethics, the central concern of morality shifts from determining what one is obligated to do, to determining what sort of person one should strive to be. Some of their essays explore the connection between virtue and flourishing or well-being, asking whether virtue is necessary or sufficient for leading a happy life. www.bgsu.edu /offices/sppc/vir-vice.htm   (15691 words)

ECO - On Ecological Ethics: An Introduction They also point out that as I have already implied, there are circumstances in which arguments of a shallow and intermediate type may well be appropriate to invoke; deep green ethics are not meant to cancel these out or replace them, but to reach the places they cannot. The creative flourishing of Earth and its multitudinous parts, organic and inorganic, requires such a decrease. Both its individualism and its restriction to humanity can be highly problematic in an ecocentric context, and so too is its common emphasis on "rights" divorced from responsibilities: both to other human beings (in terms of their quality of life) and to the natural world (in terms of its survival tout court). eco.gn.apc.org /pubs/ethics_curry.html   (10730 words)

4: When Societies Go Bad - Lake Titicaca, Peru - The Exploitation and Contradiction of South America - BootsnAll.com This was too much for me. I cordially exited the circle of which I was never a part, accepted the loss of my lejia, and the dollarized demonization and destruction of what had once been a flourishing, self-sufficient, non-capitalistic society. In my mind we were witnessing a microcosm of the downfall of the ethics of the island. In the last 15 years, the tourism boom of the area has lead almost the entire island to rely on the industry and turned it into the theme park we entered today (for an extra entrance fee which is supposedly divided between families). www.bootsnall.com /travelogues/tyson/4.shtml   (10730 words)

Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . FEATURE . Islam In Uzbekistan . January 11, 2002 PBS What has changed since the early 90s is the practice of Islam -- flourishing once again as it did before the Soviet era. RAVIL BUKHARAEV (Islam scholar, BBC Russian Radio Service): These radical views flourish and flower in times of trouble, the so-called "gray areas" of history, where nobody understands nothing, except that they had something and now they are destitute. The government of Islam Karimov has jailed thousands of citizens, ostensibly in a crackdown on terrorist activities. www.pbs.org /wnet/religionandethics/week519/feature.html   (10730 words)

Philosophy at Washington University In terms of traditional philosophical categories, the Department of Philosophy at Washington University has strengths in contemporary philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science and in ethics and social-political philosophy. Feminism: Wylie considers the epistemic implications of feminist critiques in the social sciences which challenge entrenched assumptions about the "naturalness" of conventional gender categories; where these have opened up flourishing new research areas, they call into question conventional requirements of strict value-neutrality as a precondition for productive scientific practice. Philosophy of Language and Philosophy of Science: From the time the social sciences emerged as distinct disciplines, indeed, even before they took shape, philosophers have played a central role in debates about the prospects and propriety of using the tools of science to study human action and social, cultural systems. www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/department.html   (1781 words)

Evatt Foundation: News: Australia: An unhappy country - 11 April 2003 Eudemonism concerns not just a system of ethics but also a political ideology that argues for an organisation of society that promotes the full realisation of human potential through, in the first instance, proper appreciation of the sources of wellbeing. Eudemonism will see the flourishing of the rationality of community over that of self-interest and the spread of the ecological rationality of intrinsic value in place of the instrumental exploitation of the natural world. The vision of a post-growth society answers the question of what to do next. evatt.labor.net.au /news/209.html   (2017 words)

Tracking the Shadows of EUDAIMONISM: 11/28/2004 - 12/04/2004 Keyword topics include: eudaimonism, ethics, habits, practical reason, flourishing, character formation. From the University Press of America, Pamela M. Hood (Assistant Professor of Philosophy at San Francisco State University) has written a significant Aristotelian work, titled, Aristotle on the Category of Relation. A weekly updated classification of current and past-related English scholarship and sources (papers, books, book reviews, essays, web media) along with beneficial web resources concerning the Ancient-Medieval concept of Eudaimonism, especially promulgated in Aristotle, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas. eudaimonism.blogspot.com /2004_11_28_eudaimonism_archive.html   (290 words)

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