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Topic: Ethiopian famine

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Famine

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	Unique Facts about Africa: Ethiopia
		The 1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia was a significant famine in the history of Ethiopia.
		In late 1985, another year of drought was forecast, and by early 1986 the famine had spread to parts of the southern highlands, with an estimated 5.8 million people dependent on relief food.
		The primary government response to the drought and famine was the decision to uproot large numbers of peasants who lived in the affected areas in the north and to resettle them in the southern part of the country.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/factfile/africauniquefact31.htm (767 words)

	Ethiopian famine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Famine and epidemic Tigray documented in Futuh, affecting Ahmad Gragn's occupying army.
		This famine was particularly serious at Gondar, and blamed on an infestation of locusts.
		Famine in northern provinces, contributed to fall of Imperial government and led to Derg rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethiopian_famine (536 words)

	Famine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Famine is associated with naturally-occurring crop failure and pestilence and artificially with war and genocide.
		Famine is sometimes used as a tool of repressive governments as a means to eliminate opponents, as in the Ukrainian Famine of the 1930s.
		The Great Famine of 1315-1317 (or to 1322) was the first crisis that would strike Europe in the 14th century, millions in northern Europe would die over an extended number of years, marking a clear end to the earlier period of growth and prosperity during the 11th and 12th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Famine (4257 words)

	1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia was a significant famine in the history of Ethiopia.
		In the same year, a BBC news crew was the first to document the famine, with Micahel Buerke describing "a biblical famine in the 20th Century" and "the closest thing to hell on Earth".
		The primary government response to the drought and famine was the decision to uproot large numbers of peasants who lived in the affected areas in the north and to resettle them in the southern part of the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1984_-_1985_famine_in_Ethiopia (836 words)

	Ethiopia Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Book of Axum, an Ethiopian chronicle dating from the country's Christian era, states that the name is derived from "'Ityopp'is", a son (unmentioned in the Bible) of Cush, son of Ham who according to legend founded the city of Aksum.
		Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that concluded an alliance between the two nations; however, it was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world affairs once again.
		British and patriot Ethiopian troops liberated the Ethiopian homeland in 1941, and Ethiopia's regained sovereignty was recognised by the United Kingdom upon the signing of the Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement in December 1944.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Ethiopia (2880 words)

	Famine - Wikinfo
		A famine is a situation when a certain country or area doesn't have enough available food and related resources to feed its population.
		As a result many affected by the famine are undernourished and die of starvation or thirst.
		Famine is an ancient problem: famine was so well known in the ancient world that Famine was one of the biblical Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Famine (766 words)

	Article, Petros Toggia, Oct-Dec 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The death and suffering of people from such persistent hunger, by definition, could be nothing less than a famine. It is, therefore, uncalled-for to speak with absolute certainty about the full impact of the current famine, considering the unforeseen infrastructural and political obstacles in food delivery to millions of famine victims.
		There are now at least 8 million Ethiopians at risk exposed to lack of food, unclean drinking water, and epidemics such as tuberculosis, measles, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Six to ten people, most of whom are children, are dying every day due to starvation and illness.
		For a brief period of time, the current Ethiopian famine was in the spotlight of the international media, as famine gripped the population in the south eastern, southern, and northern parts of Ethiopia.
	ethiopianreview.homestead.com /Article_PetrosToggiaOctDec00.html (600 words)

	Test Page
		As a result of the Ethiopian government's presumed human rights violations and of worldwide surveillance, relief camps were eventually improved, and consequently, so were the lives of those living there.
		The famine of 1984-85 affected close to 8 million people and depleted the Ethiopian population by 1 million, so when the threat of another famine hit in 1987, the country was led into a tailspin.
		The lingering effects of the famine, such as a malnourished population completely disillusioned with its leaders, coupled with internal mayhem and chaotic warfare, kept on undercutting development and encouraging the economy's overall stagnation.
	www.towson.edu /polsci/irencyc/T9840217/test.htm (1518 words)

	REHAB ENATFFA
		This historical mission is the responsibility of all Ethiopians and must not squarely fall on a tiny segment of the population.
		Famine is a complex phenomenon that needs to be explained in light of political economy, agronomy, climate and environmental science, and a constellation of other related disciplines.
		The defeat of famine could come only by a sound economic policy initiated by a visionary and patriotic leadership that is ready to undertake a draconian overhaul of the national economy.
	chora.virtualave.net /rehab-enatfa.htm (1126 words)

	H388 paper 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		famines were clearly initiated by a drought, and since drought causes crop failures, it is easy to be predisposed towards accepting an explanation of the famine in terms of food availability decline (FAD).
		One famine heavily affecting the Wollo agriculturists in the northeast from 1972-73 and one affecting the Harerghe pastoralists in the South from 1973-74.
		Sen introduces entitlements to explain why the famine greatly affected the Wollo agricultural community and the pastoral community of the Harerghe because the FAD theory is inadequate to do so.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~rygilman/H388paper2.htm (1443 words)

	Case-studies: Chinese famine
		The Great Famine of China, which took place from 1958-61, is one of the greatest tragedies of recorded history, killing between 14 and 40 million people.
		He said that censorship contributes to famine and therefore concluded that it is more difficult for famines to occur in countries with a free press.
		Sen wrote, "what was lacking when the famine threatened China was a political system of adversarial journalism and opposition.[...] Not only was the world ignorant of the terrible state of affairs in China, even the population itself did not know about the extent of the national calamity....''.
	library.thinkquest.org /C002291/high/past/chinese.htm (401 words)

	British government refuses aid to Ethiopian famine victims
		Zenawi’s comments were echoed in numerous statements from aid agencies, but Short told reporters that UN representatives had been “very irresponsible” in their assessment of the famine crisis in Ethiopia and accused them, along with Zenawi, of exaggerating the scale of the problem in the country.
		Representatives of aid organisations stated that both areas affected by famine deserved equal attention, but made the point that 14 million people are affected by the southern famine across six countries, whereas in Ethiopia a similar number of people are threatened with famine in just one country.
		The immediate cause of the famine is the complete failure of both the February to May Belg rains and the main Meher rains that usually last from June to September, which has led to severe drought in eastern Ethiopia and western Eritrea.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/nov2002/ethi-n23.shtml (1233 words)

	Cultural Survival
		Famine assistance, provided primarily by Western governments and non-governmental organizations, in turn reinforced the policies and programs that produced the 1984-1985 famine by increasing the power of the state and the resources available to it.
		In April 1988 the Ethiopian government expelled Western assistance agencies from Eritrea and Tigray provinces in the north, claiming it was protecting agency personnel from danger in a war zone.
		Beginning with the 1984-1985 famine, the government was able to utilize the well-organized peasant association structure - state-organized and controlled village-level organizations - and the chaos associated with the famine to intensify resettlement and villagization.
	www.cs.org /publications/CSQ/csq-article.cfm?id=768 (2049 words)

	news
		The cyclic recurrences of megadrought and famine in Ethiopia in the early 1970s, the middle 1980s, and the current crisis are mostly the results of unpredictable natural climatic perturbations that have impacted this part of the African continent again and again.
		The current drought and famine in the Ogaden desert is aggravated by Somalia-based terrorist groups that are trained and armed by the Eritrean Government and its financiers in North Africa and the Middle East.
		The hardships and deaths faced by the Ethiopian citizens in the occupied areas of northern Ethiopia are living witnesses as to why the government had to spend its limited resources to stop the invading Eritrean army from annexing more territories.
	www.ethiopiafirst.com /news2000/Apr/news709.html (2224 words)

	ipedia.com: Famine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A famine is a situation when a certain country or area doesn't have enough available food and related resources to feed its population.
		As a result many affected by the famine are undernourished and die of starvation or thirst.
		Famine is an ancient problem: famine was so well known in the ancient world that Famine was one of the biblical Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
	www.ipedia.com /famine.html (273 words)

	Test Page
		As a result of the Ethiopian government's presumed human rights violations and of worldwide surveillance, relief camps were eventually improved, and consequently, so were the lives of those living there.
		The famine of 1984-85 affected close to 8 million people and depleted the Ethiopian population by 1 million, so when the threat of another famine hit in 1987, the country was led into a tailspin.
		The lingering effects of the famine, such as a malnourished population completely disillusioned with its leaders, coupled with internal mayhem and chaotic warfare, kept on undercutting development and encouraging the economy's overall stagnation.
	wwwnew.towson.edu /polsci/irencyc/T9840217/test.htm (1518 words)

	The Ethiopian Famine 2003
		Rural Ethiopians have never fully recovered from the famine of 1984, nor the severe droughts that have come after, especially in 1999 and 2000.
		Rural Ethiopians need more markets for their crops and better roads to be able to move their products to other parts of the country.
		Famine is not a sudden event but an evolving process, one that involves much more than food.
	www.cindybeads.com /famine.htm (4962 words)

	Officials Outline U.S. Commitment To Ethiopian Famine Relief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He said he was also pleased to report that since his visit to the region, European nations have made a commitment of 400,000 MT of food supplies to aid in the crisis.
		I would define a famine as the circumstances in which deaths and starvation occur within a broad spectrum of the population, and that is not occurring yet."
		Smith said: "If you look at the pattern of droughts and famines in this part of the world, one of the things that happens over the successive years when rainfall becomes inadequate is that people begin to sell their livestock or tools.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archive/000424103.htm (811 words)

	press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The country is now gripped by the twin evils of famine and war, along with diseases such as AIDS demanding their fair share of attention and resources.
		The regime was reminded to open the prisons where it locks several thousands of political prisoners and it was asked to initiate national reconciliation with the Ethiopian people and their lawful representatives, the opposition political parties and civic associations.
		By saying no, it denied Ethiopian (both internal and abroad) initiative, creativity, experience, know-how, and enthusiasm to be one step ahead of the advancing famine.
	www.eprp.com /doc/may2000.html (1448 words)

	History of Ethiopia/Famine in Et
		The famine of 2003 in Ethiopia was the worst famine since the mid-1980s (discussed later).
		The rural population is not able to sustain itself in times of famine because the drought kills their crops and destroys their food sources (it is difficult to obtain imported goods in Ethiopia due to the imbalance in import-export trade and the difficulty to transfer goods due to poor roads and lack of water transportation).
		The Ethiopian government predicted that the agricultural yield of the nation was going to be considerably lower in at the beginning of 1984 because there had been less rainfall than expected.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/01259/history_of_ethiopiafamine_in_et.htm (491 words)

	Amazon.com: Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation: Books: Amartya Sen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Famines can occur even if the food output is sufficient in a region, for example in a situation when certain groups of people become richer and purchase more food leading to a steep rise in the prices, while the poor find the food increasingly unaffordable.
		Famine Enquiry Commission of 1945 had argued that the famine was due to cyclones, floods, fungus diseases, loss of Burma rice, etc., etc. The essence of these theses was that the famine was mainly an outcome of a food shortage.
		While agreeing that during famine periods food availability is a major issue, she argues that the long term trend in per capita food availability is also of utmost importance, which Sen does not consider in his entitlement approach.
	www.amazon.com /Poverty-Famines-Essay-Entitlement-Deprivation/dp/0198284632 (2859 words)

	tecolahagos.com - ethiopian related issues and commentary
		Aweys was in the temporarily occupied Ogaden region of Ethiopia till the Ethiopian forces, as mentioned earlier; counter attacked and dislodged the invading Somali troops.
		Ethiopian and Somali scholars and intellectuals should organize conferences and/or workshops to address the Horn crisis and come up with proposals and solutions to the problem.
		When the clouds of famine hovered over Ethiopia in the 1980s, irrespective of the nature of the Derg (the Mengistu regime), I campaigned and gave talks on the causes and solutions for the Ethiopian famine.
	www.tecolahagos.com /Ethiopian_somalia.htm (2589 words)

	Despite aid, Ethiopian famine persists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Last time, under a then-military Ethiopian government accused of using supply blockades as one its deadliest weapons, hundreds of thousands are believed to have starved to death by the time the world acted.
		One key difference between 1985 and 2000: A 355,000-metric-ton strategic food reserve, a famine early warning system and a famine response plan, all put in place or refined since the 1983-85 disaster.
		In 1985, what was the world's first TV famine evoked the compassion of everyone from the now-forgotten Sade to the now-immortalized Princess Diana, who with Prince Charles kicked off the Live Aid concert at Wembley Stadium.
	www.bouldernews.com /news/worldnation/23aethi.html (831 words)

	1984: Great Famine
		Victim of Ethiopian Famine A young victim of the famine in Ethiopia struggles to recover under the car of a relief organization at a tented village in northern Somalia.
		Famine An emaciated child sits, covered with flies, at a red cross refugee camp in Ethiopia during the famine of 1984-1985.
		Since Ethiopians for centuries lived on their own, their bible stories, re-written so many times by the monks, had their own life.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/sellassie/1984.html (1277 words)

	The African killing fields; you heard all about the Ethiopian famine. Here's the story that President Reagan, relief ...
		Forced resettlement of Ethiopian ethnic minorities was an important element in the communist regimes war against the gueff illas.
		The famine created a pool of millions of peasants who, whatever their political leanings, now had no choice but to rely on the governrnent for help.
		Woldeselassie Gebremariam, a Tigrean priest in his late thirties, was one of 50 Ethiopian refugees interviewed in March 1985 at a camp in eastern Sudan by Peter Niggli of the Swiss church group Berliner Missionwerk.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n8_v20/ai_6653766 (915 words)

	A U.S, Strategy to Foster Human Rights in Ethiopia
		According to accounts by Ethiopian defectors, many of Mengistus most heinous policies, such as his resettlement program and his ruthless war against the northern province of Eritrep have been and are being authorized, supported and directed by Moscow to help Ethiopias starving masses.
		Mengistus apparent policy of exacerbating the famine crisis in Ethiopia was evident last April when he responded to renewed famine by ordering all foreign relief workers to leave Eritrea and Tigre provinces, where hunger has been most severe.
		Ethiopians are increasingly demonstrating their determination to overthrow Mengistu The U.S. could assist them with military aid to the EDU and EPDA Break diplomatic relations with Ethiopia.
	www.heritage.org /research/MiddleEast/bg692.cfm (3787 words)

	Ethiopian Forum
		Year after year we keep hearing that a significant segment of the Ethiopian population or certain regions of the country are facing severe drought and consequently are in imminent danger of starvation and famine.
		Instead of famine being a productivity failure of one year or season or an isolated event, it is a direct result of socioeconomic and political failure, including poor agricultural policy, extensive environmental degradation, and inadequate infrastructure in health, education and transportation.
		Experts in the field of poverty and famine inform us that famine should not be a way of life in the 21st century, and it is certainly preventable.
	www.ethiopianforum.com /index.php?action=showSingleEditorial&id=6 (692 words)

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