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Topic: Ethiopic script

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	Abugida
		The name is derived from the first four characters of an order of the Ethiopic script used in some religious contexts (this order seems to correspond to the ancestral semitic character order (aleph, beth, gimel, daleth / ABCD /...).
		The Ethiopic script is an abugida, although the vowel modifications in Ethiopic are not entirely systematic.
		The largest single group of abugidas is the Brahmic family of scripts, however, which includes nearly all the scripts used in India and Southeast Asia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ab/Abugida.html (233 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ethiopic (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Ethiopic[EthEop´ik] Pronunciation Key, extinct language of Ethiopia belonging to the North Ethiopic group of the South Semitic (or Ethiopic) languages, which, in turn, belong to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic family of languages (see Afroasiatic languages).
		Ethiopic (also called Geez or classical Ethiopic) ceased to be a spoken tongue in Ethiopia some time before the 14th cent.
		Although the script used for Ethiopic and other Semitic tongues of Ethiopia is syllabic rather than alphabetic, it seems to be derived from the alphabetic South Semitic writing of the Old South Arabian inscriptions, to which it shows many similarities.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/Ethiopic.html (377 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Ethiopic
		The elegant Ethiopic script is another interesting story in the family tree of Proto-Sinaitic script.
		Ethiopic is an offshoot of the South Arabian script.
		The Ethiopic script was used for the liturgical language Ge'ez as well as modern languages like Amharic (the official language of Ethiopia), Tigre, Tigrinya, and other languages of Ethiopia.
	www.ancientscripts.com /ethiopic.html (237 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Ethiopic writing system.
		The Ethiopic system is used on a large scale in the representation of three Semitic languages, all confined to Ethiopia and Eritrea (the latter being formerly part of Ethiopia but now an independent state).
		Giiz inscriptions in the Ethiopic script can be traced back to the 4th century AD when Giiz was the language of the empire of Aksum, a flourishing Semitic civilization based in what is now northern Ethiopia, but with wide military and trading contacts in the neighbouring territories and far beyond.
		[3] Ethiopic script is still the normal medium for newspapers, magazines, novels, poetry, primary school texts, official and legal documents and other printed matter as well as for private correspondence.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j19/ethiopic.php (4950 words)

	SudanTribune article : Ethiopia’s ancient alphabet could make a debut on SMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ethiopic script is used for Amharic — the national language of Ethiopia’s 70 million people.
		Ethiopic is the medium for Ethiopian literature and is still in use in the liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, chanted by priests in incense-filled churches across the Horn of Africa nation.
		The script, however, is incompatible with modern communication devices because of its ungainly 345-letter alphabet, compared with 26 letters in the Latin alphabet.
	www.sudantribune.com /imprimable.php3?id_article=6459 (307 words)

	[No title]
		Under such physical limitation, Ethiopic script had to be accommodated into typewriter while the quality leaves not much to be desired.
		In general, any Ethiopic letter is generated using two keys; as a result, all syllables excluding the ``Ge'ez bate'' are constructed on the fly from two symbols as it is done on Ethiopian typewriters.
		Remember, this is not the same as pressing "shift" and typing a character to generate an upper case letter because when you press "shift" the computer switches to the upper case letter mode leaving the small case letter and vs.; therefore, the "shift" key impact fades right after it is released.
	www.ethiopians.com /abass7.html (1182 words)

	Senamirmir Project: Ethiopic
		Ethiopic refers to Ge'ez or Classic Ge'ez, one of the ancient languages of Ethiopia which is now mainly used in Ethiopian Orthodox Church as liturgical language.
		The script, known as Ethiopic or Ethiopian script, is the official writing system of Ethiopia.
		Ethiopic Script is syllabic, that is each character embodies "consonant+vowel" characteristics.
	www.senamirmir.com /projects/ethiopic/ethiopic_proj.html (568 words)

	Recommendations
		In our efforts to develop a robust and coherent standard for the Ethiopic script, we have established a set of governing principles that any standard for the comprehensive Ethiopic character set must meet.
		Ethiopic space is intended to have, at a minimum, the width of the traditional word separator and at a maximum the width of the widest printed character in the code block (commonly KXWA, CEE, or MWA).
		It is neither the purpose nor the necessity of the proposed standard for Ethiopic script to encode every offspring potentially born of the traditional writing system.
	www.abyssiniacybergateway.net /fidel/unicode/new/recommendation.html (1238 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.400: Daniels & Bright The World's Writing Systems
		Or else, the inventor of writing was supposedly inspired by a dream, as in the case of Momolu Duwalu Bukele, the inventor of the Vai (West African) script, or by a vision as in the case of Shong Lue Yang, the inventor of the Pahawh Hmong script.
		Discounting the scripts (such as Cree) invented by linguists, most of these writing systems are not particularly remarkable, qua writing system; this, of course is not to say anything about the remarkableness of their invention.
		Issues discussed include the rise and fall of Fraktur script in Germany; a very brief sketch of some psycholinguistic results from Serbo-Croatian a language which was (until very recently) taught in two scripts; the coexistence of scripts in India; Christian missionary activities; and script reform in and after the Soviet Union.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/7/7-400.html (2863 words)

	Plagiarists of Ethiopic
		Ethiopic can be typed just like the Latin, with a maximum of two keystrokes per character.
		Yacob had it his way, there will be numerous incompatible versions of Ethiopic or non-Ethiopic characters and sets and the only way to salvage the Ethiopic from the chaos will be to use his Latin method or abandon the Ethiopic.
		Ethiopic editing using Washera is as difficult as typing with it and may involve up to seven keystrokes per character.
	www.ethiopic.com /Plag97.htm (3646 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Ancient alphabet enters cyber age
		Ethiopic characters also have to be attuned to American Standard Coding for Information Interchange (ASCII) which assigns letters to the numerical codes which the computer works with.
		Therefore any Ethiopic alphabet software is a package which deals with the designing of characters, keyboard layout and printer set-up.
		The problems of Ethiopic computing have resulted in the creation of the Ethiopian Computer Standard Association (ECOSA), of which Dr Nega is president, and the North American-based Committee for Ethiopian Computing (CEC).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/609217.stm (800 words)

	Ethiopic - Test for Unicode support in Web browsers
		There are more Ethiopic characters in the Ethiopic Extended and Ethiopic Supplement ranges.
		The Ethiopic script is used for several related Semitic languages that are or were spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including Amharic (the national language of Ethiopia), classical Ethiopic, Harari, Gurage, Tigre and Tigrinya.
		Ethiopic, which is also known as Ge'ez, is the traditional language of the Christian church in Ethiopia.
	www.alanwood.net /unicode/ethiopic.html (358 words)

	Writing system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Egyptian hieroglyph is one such script, where the beginning of a line written horizontally was to be indicated by the direction in which animal and human ideograms are looking.
		Scripts that incorporate Chinese characters have traditionally been written vertically (top-to-bottom), from the right to the left of the page, but nowadays are frequently written left-to-right, top-to-bottom, due to Western influences, a growing need to accommodate terms in the Roman alphabet, and technical limitations in popular electronic document formats.
		Scripts with lines written away from the writer, from bottom to top, also exist, such as several used in the Philippines and Indonesia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Writing_system (2989 words)

	African Local Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Bamako Declaration acknowledged the continent's rich cultural diversity and urged that it should be reflected in cyberspace with accompanying funds for digital archiving of traditional knowledge and heritage as Africa's contribution to the global information society.
		In this regard, a workshop was recently organised that discussed on the issues concerning Ethiopic standards need assessment, strategies for development, adoption and dissemination of the standards, and resource mobilization.
		Ethiopic is the script used to write Amharic, the official working language of Ethiopia, as well as many other Semitic and Cushitic languages in Ethiopia and Eritrea.
	www.uneca.org /aisi/all.htm (306 words)

	SERA
		In this case, the systematicity of the mapping of Ethiopic to ASCII is exploited to make the machine translation between ASCII and Ethiopic script (in word processors, for example) as fast as possible.
		Fidel, the Ethiopic syllabary, on the other hand, is highly regular and has a quite clearly defined set of vowel markings which were added to a base consonant/radical.
		It is more plausible to see in Ethiopic a move from the Sabean alphabet back into a syllabic form, but with a standardization based on awareness of the explicit relationship between consonants and vowels.
	www.ethiopians.com /abass12.html (3596 words)

	Web for Everyone?
		This slide lists additional scripts that are all in everyday use in the modern world, but that cannot be used in XML 1.0 for element or attribute names or for purposes such as the enumerated list shown earlier:
		For the roughly 150 million people using these scripts around the world, the 'X' in XML is likely to look more like the 'X' in 'exclusion' than the 'X' in 'extensible'.
		If a person using, say, an Indic script includes one of these characters in their XML, it will be extremely difficult for them to work out why the XML doesn't validate.
	www.w3.org /2005/03/02-ishida-tech-plen (1019 words)

	Heroes and Mavericks Issue
		The work on defining just how many Ethiopic letters need to be identified and separately addressed, as well as where exactly they need to be, was done by a group of people who were self-motivated into doing the work a government standardization organization does in most other countries.
		For a script such as Ethiopic, this is insufficient. Unicode overcomes this limitation allowing the world script to be represented.
		The biggest frustration among Ethiopic script users now is its inconvenience in the e-mail and HTML (and its derivatives) world. There are some work-arounds, as we call them in the industry.
	www.seleda.com /apr01/unicode.shtml (2698 words)

	CSS3 Module: Lists Comments
		This is in keeping with the reality of script as a mechanism for recording spoken language and that script usage is adapted and developed as per the needs of the language recorded.
		There probably are other alphabets especially on the territory of the former USSR but their inclusion into this table at this point seems to be inappropriate as they’ve been used by an extremely small number of speakers.
		The script is vital to Coptic liturgy which depends on a software’s capability to correctly present Coptic numerals.
	www.ethiopic.org /w3c/css/WD-css3-lists-20020220-comments.html (7341 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Alphabet
		This Proto-Arabian script eventually evolved by the 5th century BC into the highly elegant South Arabian script.
		This alphabet, though, eventually disappeared from the mainstream, and survived as the Samaritan script.
		As for Greek itself, all but one of the variant scripts were replaced by the Ionian, which is what you see on Classic inscriptions, as well as modern texts.
	www.ancientscripts.com /alphabet.html (1403 words)

	Hamito-Semitic languages: The Semitic Subfamily
		In fact, the sole noteworthy South Semitic script to survive until modern times is the one employed for the Ethiopic languages.
		Ethiopic consonants have six or more forms, each depending on the vowel following the consonant, but this may be a later development.
		In any case, the origin of the syllabic nature of the Ethiopic script is an unsolved problem.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0858549.html (1268 words)

	Ethiopic Language - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The language commonly called Ethiopic is the language in which the inscriptions of the kings of the ancient Aksumitic (Axumite) empire and most of the literature of Christian Abyssinia are written.
		The Semitic part of the inscription just mentioned is in the Ethiopic language, but carved once in Sabean script and a second time in the native Ethiopic script which had been derived from the Sabean.
		Amharic was derived from a sister language of the Ethiopic; the direct descendant of the Ethiopic language is modern Tigrina; a language derived from a dialect very closely related to Ge`ez is modern Tigre.
	www.searchgodsword.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T3236 (1513 words)

	Cultural identity and local content development on the World Wide Web : the CyberEthiopia Initiative
		Ethiopians call their alphabet "fidel." The Ethiopic alphabet consists of 26 letters, all representing consonants, that can be transformed into syllabic symbols by attaching the appropriate vocalic markers to the letters.
		The particularity of using ethiopic script for written communications creates even more challenges in the full participation and contribution to the information society and their ability to use the opportunities such a society could offer to their development.
		At the time, in order to publish an ethiopic character, one had to take a picture of the character and publish it on the Web as an image: a cumbersome and inefficient procedure still used by many today.
	www.cyberethiopia.com /infocom2004/paper (2746 words)

	Balancing Act News Update - African internet developments
		An Ethiopics Interest Group that aims to define technical requirements and standards for Ethiopic extension to XLM was recently established by Ethiopian IT professionals and linguists.
		It is currently possible to use Ethiopic script in the content of an XML document, but the markup must be either in romanization or in another language such as English or French.
		This omission of Ethiopics was a result of XML having been standardized to support Unicode 2.0, which did not include Ethiopic script, was the then current version of Unicode.
	www.balancingact-africa.com /news/back/balancing-act_77a.html (1353 words)

	Ethiopic Standards
		The problem with the Ethiopic script is that it is syllabic, like the Indian scripts, from which it probably derives this form, but unlike the Indian scripts were vowels are marked as ornaments to the base characters, in the Ethiopic script they are marked by variation of the base character.
		SERA is based on this, an Ethiopic syllable is represented (in ASCII) by a consonant followed by a vowel.
		Because the number of possible consonants and vowels exceed those in the Latin scripts, variations are shown with lower- vs. upper-case and a possible backtick which also shows a variation.
	homepages.cwi.nl /~dik/english/codes/ethiop.html (825 words)

	a12n-forum : [A12n-forum] Early history of Ethiopic/Ge'ez localization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There are a couple of minor innacuracies: First, Ethiopic is not the only indigenous African script, but it is certainly one of the most used.
		"Just as you have software in Japanese, Korean or Arabic, there was no reason why one cannot develop Ethiopic script." Quicker than handwriting Daniel Admasse, an Ethiopian who studied in Sweden, claims to have been the first person to come up with the idea of computerising "fidel", as Ethiopians call their alphabet.
		Standardisation headaches Therefore any Ethiopic alphabet software is a package which deals with the designing of characters, keyboard layout and printer set-up.
	www.kabissa.org /archives/a12n-forum/msg00364.html (875 words)

	Ge'ez language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It later became the official language of the Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian imperial court.
		Ge'ez is written with the Ge'ez abugida, a script which was originally developed specifically for this language.
		The translation of the Christian Bible was undertaken by Syrian monks known as the Nine Saints, who had come to Ethiopia in the 5th century fleeing the Byzantine persecution of the Monophysites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ge'ez_language (2148 words)

	Oromo
		Until the 1970s, Afaan Oromo was written with either the Ethiopic script or the Latin alphabet.
		Ethiopic script is a syllable-based writing system which consists of 30 consonants, each of which is modified by one of seven vowels.
		Here are the first few symbols of the Ethiopic script.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/july/oromo.html (646 words)

	Senamirmir Projects: Ethiopic Script
		It should be noted that in modern Ethiopic there are more than 345 characters including digits and punctuation marks.
		The font format is True Type and supports the 345 Ethiopic characters included in Unicode 3.0; this is in addition to Basic Latin and Latin-1 supplement.
		Some characters design or shape are different from their traditional look, for they appear beautiful and blend well with others.
	www.senamirmir.com /projects/typography/yigezu_typography.html (654 words)

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