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Topic: Ethnic cleansing

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	Ethnic cleansing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "cleansing" ("cleansing of borders", очистка границ) was used in Soviet documents of early 1930s in reference to the resettlement of Poles from the 22-km border zone in Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR.
		The widespread ethnic cleansing accompanying the Yugoslav wars from 1991 to 1999, of which the most significant examples occurred in eastern Croatia and Krajina (1991-1995), in most of Bosnia (1992-1995), and in the Albanian-dominated breakaway Kosovo province (of Serbia) (1999).
		Ethnic cleansing is often also accompanied by efforts to eradicate all physical traces of the expelled ethnic group, such as by the destruction of cultural artifacts, religious sites and physical records [18].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethnic_cleansing (3166 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing: Past, Present and Future, by Ran HaCohen
		Ethnic cleansing happens when Israel connects the Jewish settlement of Kiryat Arba with that of Hebron by a promenade which cuts the heart of Palestinian Hebron and necessitates the demolition of scores of Palestinian houses along the route, described as "uninhabited", as being "shelter to terrorists" or as "belonging to rich families living elsewhere".
		Ethnic cleansing happens when settlers terrorise the Palestinian village of Khirbet Yanun, break into houses destroying whatever they find; last October, only two old men were left of the whole village, the rest of its population had taken refuge in the neighbouring town of Akrabeh.
		Ethnic cleansing is the motivation behind every new acre taken by Jewish settlements, behind "security zones" and "by-pass roads", behind fences and military outposts.
	www.antiwar.com /hacohen/h123002.html (1400 words)

	On the Latent Function of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
		Ethnic cleansing is a widely used euphemism for the murders, arrests, rapes, and expulsions of Bosnian citizens.
		The conscious motivation for ethnic cleansing fails to explain why this social conduct was necessary from the viewpoint of the actors engaged in ethnic cleansing.
		Thus the latent function of ethnic cleansing enlarged as the activity increased, and as the latent function increased in significance, the activity intensified.
	www.haverford.edu /relg/sells/WitnessDoubtLatent.html (2640 words)

	ETHNIC CLEANSING AS AN INSTRUMENT OF NATION-STATE CREATION: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Moreover, ethnic cleansing may be equated with the "systematic purge of the civilian population based on ethnic criteria, with the view of forcing it to abandon the territories where it lives".
		Ethnic cleansing - or population transfer as it was then called - was viewed as a legitimate means of overcoming these national discrepancies (i.e., of improving the fit between national boundaries and the ethnic composition of the population within them).
		This normative shift in international attitudes towards ethnic cleansing is arguably evidence of a larger normative transformation in international society itself wherein the right conduct of states within their sovereign jurisdictions across an expanding range of issues has become a legitimate concern of international relations and not simply a matter of domestic politics.
	www.ippu.purdue.edu /failed_states/2000/papers/jacksonpreece.html (5831 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing: Encyclopedia Article
		Ethnic cleansing is a sub-type of population cleansing, one that involves the forcible removal of members of an ethnic group from a particular locality.
		Many of the underlying factors associated with ethnic cleansings are common to the motivational, etiological and interactive contexts of other types of cleansings, as in those where the demarcation lines are drawn on the basis of religion, culture or nationality.
		Ethnic and other population cleansings are likely to persist for as long as such social fissures constitute significant sources of personal and group identity.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/ethnic_cleansing.htm (1586 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide
		Ethnic Cleansing: The elimination of an unwanted group from a society, as by genocide or forced migration.
		Ethnic cleansing has been defined as "the elimination of an unwanted group from society, as by genocide or forced migration." This definition is inherently broader than that of genocide alone, and thereby encompasses mass killings and forced removals in far greater number and scope.
		Ethnic cleansing, then, may involve death or displacement, or any combination thereof, where a population is identified for removal from an area.
	www.munfw.org /archive/50th/4th1.htm (1906 words)

	SLOVAKIA.ORG - Hungarian Ethnic Cleansing (Magyarization)
		ethnic cleansing: the elimination of an unwanted ethnic group from a society, as by genocide, forced migration, and/or forced assimilation.
		Yet, despite a harsh national oppression and attempts at a coercive Magyarization of all the ethnic minorities in the Hungarian Monarchy, the national consciousness of the Slovaks continued to develop.
		All these ethnic cleansing policies on the part of the authorities tended to produce an active Slovak emigration abroad while stifling economic factors exacerbated the situation.
	www.slovakia.org /history-magyarization.htm (1006 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing - An Attempt at Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ethnic cleansing may be equated with the systematic purge of the civilian population based on ethnic criteria, with the view to forcing it to abandon the territories where it lives.
		It is the present writer's view that ethnic cleansing is a well-defined policy of a particular group of persons to systematically eliminate another group from a given territory on the basis of religious, ethnic or national origin.
		The target of ethnic cleansing is defined by its origin, and not by its activity.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol5/No3/art3-02.html (920 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing: Some Common Reactions, by Ran HaCohen
		Even when protesting the present "quiet" ethnic cleansing in the Occupied Territories or warning of future Israeli intentions is tolerated, saying that Israel owes its existence as a Jewish State to ethnic cleansing is evidently beyond the pale.
		However, irrelevant as it is to the argument of my previous column, the analogy between the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in 1948 and the exodus of Jews from Arab countries is worth relating to in its own right.
		The ethnic cleansing of 600.000 to 720.000 Palestinians from Israel preceded the Jewish exodus from Arab countries.
	www.antiwar.com /hacohen/h011303.html (1385 words)

	ethnic cleansing in former Yugoslavia
		Ethnic Cleansing is a process in which advancing army of one ethnic group expels civilians of other ethnic groups from towns and villages it conquers in order to create ethnically pure enclaves for members of their ethnic group.
		Often, refugees of one ethnic group previously "cleansed" from their homes by other ethnic group are made to live in freshly "cleansed" teritory of that other ethnic group.
		Ethnic Cleansing created more than two million refugees and displaced persons in former Yugoslavia during the war in Bosnia.
	balkansnet.org /ethnicl.html (823 words)

	Ethnic cleansing at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ethnic cleansing term is now applied to some massive scale events during the 20th century, particularly in Europe and the Middle East.
		The mass deportation of ethnic minorities from their homelands like East Timor and Papua by the Indonesian government, from the Indonesian independence in 1949 (and subsequent occupation and annexation of Papua until the present day and of East Timor until 1999).
		The very widespread ethnic cleansing of the Yugoslav wars from 1991 to 1999, of which the most significant examples occurred in eastern Croatia and Krajina (1991-1995), in most of Bosnia (1992-1995), and in break-away Albanian-dominated breakaway Serb province of Kosovo (1999).
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Ethnic_cleansing.html (2282 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing
		Anfal was a campaign directed toward the ethnic cleansing or removal of the Kurdish population from Iraq in 1988, said Carole A. O’Leary, Scholar-in-Residence for the Middle East in an article for the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University (http://www.gmu.edu).
		He said generally the term “genocide”; should be used when describing the elimination of a specific ethnic group completely and the term “ethnic cleansing” should be used when describing the removal of a group from a particular geographic area.
		Burrowes said he didn’t know if that incident was a matter of ethnic cleansing or if it was retaliation by the Iraqi government toward the Kurds’ for their perceived cooperation with Iran in the Iraq-Iran war.
	courses.washington.edu /com361/Iraq/ethnic_differences/ecleansing.htm (773 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ethnic cleansing
		The Ustaše did indeed carry out large-scale ethnic cleansing in their time, similar to other warring parties in Yugoslavia in the Second World War.
		It is possible that the revival of nationalism in the 1980s reintroduced ethnic cleansing into Yugoslavia's political debate and language.
		Many Maori were dispossessed of ownership of their land, but few were ever forcibly removed, and when this did happen it was mostly as a result of punishment for fighting and losing against colonial troops during the New Zealand Wars.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing (2428 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The waves of forced evictions of ethnic and religious groups have been repetitive, often combining physical removal with devastating violence, or, as in the case of the Jews, genocide.
		Ethnic cleansing is a blanket term, and no specific crime goes by that name, but the practice covers a host of criminal offenses.
		The Commission’s final report in May 1994 added these crimes: mass murder, mistreatment of civilian prisoners and prisoners or war, use of civilians as human shields, destruction of cultural property, robbery of personal property, and attacks on hospitals, medical personnel, and locations with the Red Cross/Red Crescent emblem.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/ethnic-cleansing.html (846 words)

	JACK GOODY - HOW ETHNIC IS ETHNIC CLEANSING? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term ‘ethnic cleansing’ has acquired general currency with the violent conflicts between communities in the contemporary Balkans.
		The first is the implicit notion that such ‘cleansing’ is an outrage peculiar to nationalist dementia or totalitarian power, which it is the mission of Western democracies to prevent or reverse.
		The term ‘ethnic’ has become a cant word in the social sciences and often in everyday speech, where it is frequently used in a blanket fashion to refer to any collective grouping with a semblance of homogeneity, in situations of conflict or positions of subordination.
	www.newleftreview.net /NLR24101.shtml (4144 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing - An Attempt at Methodology, by Drazen Petrovic, Sarajevo's Law School, excerpts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Analysis of ethnic cleansing should not be limited to the specific case of former Yugoslavia.
		Further, the motivating factors behind ethnic cleansing policies in the former Yugoslavia are not historical, but stem from strategic political interests.
		Only when the means and methods of ethnic cleansing policies can be identified with genocidal acts, and a combination of different elements implies the existence of intent to destroy a group as such, can such actions represent genocide.
	balkansnet.org /petrovic.html (471 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing - Editorial
		The projected end result of the present ethnic cleansing program from the Sharon school is easier to predict than that of its predecessor.
		Thus the definition of ethnic cleansing, in its entirety, applies to the action, which Sharon and his government are plotting.
		Ethnic cleansing of Jews from Judea, Samaria, the Jordan Valley and the Golan Heights, 270,000 people, 80,000 households, a comprehensive industrial and agricultural configuration, will engender an economic crisis, which the state will be unable to bear.
	www.acpr.org.il /ENGLISH-NATIV/Ethnic-Cleansing.htm (3367 words)

	Silent ethnic cleansing: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silent ethnic cleansing is a term coined in the mid-1990s[For more, click on this link] by some observers of the Yugoslav wars Yugoslav wars quick summary:
		The yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former yugoslavia that took place between 1991-2001....
		Volksdeutsche (ethnic germans) is a historical term which arose in the early 20th century to apply for germans living outside of the german empire....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Si/Silent_ethnic_cleansing.htm (362 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe; ; Edited by Steven Bela Vardy and T. Hunt Tooley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This volume is the result of the conference on Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe held at Duquesne University in November 2000.
		The volume encompasses a rich array of case studies, behaviors, origins and patterns, addressing such topics as "redrawing the ethnic map" in North America from 1536 to 1946, the twentieth century's first genocide (Armenia 1915-16), ethnic cleansing in World War II and its aftermath, or recent developments in Kosovo.
		Ethnic Cleansing in Slovakia: The Plight of the Hungarian Minority, by Edward Chaszar
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/088033/0880339950.HTM (897 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing by Albanians
		SERBS in Kosovo have demanded the division of the province into ethnic "cantons" to protect them from the growing number of attacks by Albanians.
		Since Yugoslav troops and Serb police were withdrawn from Kosovo in June, the Serb minority has been increasingly victimized by ethnic Albanians and most of Kosovo’s 200,000 Serbs have fled the province.
		However, many ethnic Albanians see a historic opportunity to rid Kosovo of their long-time enemies once and for all before a final Balkan settlement which will probably come after the political demise of Slobodan Milosevic.
	www.harrybrowne.org /articles/EthnicCleansing(Telegraph).htm (633 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing, Again - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		Along the Sudan-Chad Border — the most vicious ethnic cleansing you've never heard of is unfolding here in the southeastern fringes of the Sahara Desert.
		In the 21st century, no government should be allowed to carry out ethnic cleansing, driving 700,000 people from their homes.
		If we turn away simply because the victims are African tribes people who have the misfortune to speak no English, have no phones and live in one of the most remote parts of the globe, then shame on us.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/sudan/2004/0324again.htm (788 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing, Philadelphia Style
		Ethnic cleansing can eliminate the political power of people in a particular place by moving them some place else, but it will not provide a long term solution to demographic increase, because as the oppressed group increases, it will also take over the areas it moves into.
		David Boldt, who in spite of his misgivings, seems to have been taken by surprise by the reaction to his views, was really only articulating the philosophy of the Inquirer, which was another way of saying the ideology of the regime which was based on a two-pronged attack on its demographic enemies.
		The regime was based on ethnic cleansing for the Catholics and eugenic elimination of the Blacks.
	www.culturewars.com /CultureWars/Archives/cw_recent/ethniccleansing.html (7892 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing in Sri Lanka
		The ethnic cleansing by the LTTE Tamil Tigers is so much successful in Sri Lanka that today there are no Sinhala people or Muslims living in Yapanaya peninsula (Jaffna).
		The present democratic and non-democratic Tamil leaderships are very keen that the ethnic cleansing carried out by their leaderships, past and present is entrenched.
		The ethnic cleansing of Jaffna by expelling at the point of gun 75,000 Muslims (1991) who were robbed and whose women were raped.
	www.spur.asn.au /ethnic_cleansing_in_sri_lanka.htm (5043 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing - An Attempt at Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethnic cleansing is a literal translation of the expression `etnicko ciscenje' in Serbo-Croatian/Croato-Serbian.
		The word `ethnic' has been added to the military term because the `enemies' are considered to be the other ethnic communities.
		Cornelio Sommaruga, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) at the opening of the International Meeting on Humanitarian Aid for Victims of the Conflict in the former Yugoslavia, held under the auspices of the UNHCR, Geneva, 29 July 1992, Statement of Mr.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol5/No3/art3.html (816 words)

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