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Topic: Ethnic minorities in Iran

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Ethnic minorities

Religious minorities in Iran

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	FT.com / In depth - US marines probe tensions among Iran’s minorities
		Iran has repeatedly accused both the US and UK of inciting explosions and sabotage in oil-rich frontier regions where Arab and Kurdish minorities predominate.
		Iran’s strongly centralised government does not release statistics on the ethnic groups that mainly inhabit sensitive border regions with Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
		Questions put to him were wide-ranging -- on the ethnic breakdown of Khuzestan province on the Iraq border, populations in cities, the level of discontent, the percentage of Arabs working in the oil industry, how they were represented in the central government, and their relations and kinship with Iraqi Arabs next door.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/ed436938-a49d-11da-897c-0000779e2340.html (1521 words)

	Ethnic minorities in Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iran is an ethnically diverse state, with Persians forming the majority of the population.
		In Iran, Kurds have twice had their own autonomous regions independent of central government control: The Republic of Mahabad in Iran which was the second independent Kurdish state of the 20th century, after the Republic of Ararat in modern Turkey; and the second time after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
		Iran (then called Persia) traditionally was governed over the last few centuries in a fairly decentralised way with much regional and local autonomy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran (783 words)

	Iran Recital @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iran borders Armenia, Azerbaijan (including its Nakhichevan exclave), and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west.
		Iran is also expanding its trade ties with Turkey and Pakistan and shares with its partners the common goal of creating a single economic market in West and Central Asia.
		From 1950 to 2002 the urban proportion of the population increased from 27% to 60%.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Iran (3509 words)

	Religious minorities in Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hindu Temple in Bandar Abbas, Iran, built during the Qajar era for Indian soldiers serving in the British Army during the British occupation.
		There are two minority schools apart from the main Usuli school of Shi`a Islam: the Akhbari and the Shaykhí.
		Jewish children in Iran are free to practice their faith in especially designated Jewish schools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Religious_minorities_in_Iran (853 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Ethnic minorities in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Republic of Mahabad in Iran was the second independent Kurdish state of the 20th century, after the Republic of Ararat in modern Turkey.
		The term minority is unavoidably associated with the political movements which push for assimilation, in which the minority group sheds its distinctive traits and is absorbed into the dominant group.
		A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ethnic-minorities-in-Iran (2070 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Iran [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iran borders Pakistan (909km of border) and Afghanistan (936km) to the east, Turkmenistan (1000km) to the northeast, the Caspian Sea to the north, Azerbaijan (500km) and Armenia (35km) to the northwest, Turkey (500km) and Iraq (1458km) to the west, and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south.
		Iran traces its national origin to Persia, derived from Persis, the ancient Greek name for Iran, that emerged in the 6th century BC under the Achaemenid dynasty as a vast empire that controlled an area from northwestern India to Greece.
		According to Iran's Constitution (http://www.salamiran.org/IranInfo/State/Constitution/), the Supreme Leader of Iran is responsible for the delineation and supervision of "the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran." In the absence of a single leader, a council of religious leaders is appointed.
	encyclozine.com /Iran (2431 words)

	Ethnic minorities in Iran: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iran (persian:) is a middle eastern country located in southwest asia....
		The persians are an ethnic group that lives mainly in iran, in afghanistan, tajikstan, and uzbekistan....
		Khuzestan is one of the 30 provinces of iran....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/et/ethnic_minorities_in_iran.htm (1440 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		Iran is particularly vulnerable to foreign penetration in that non-Persian, non-Shi'ite ethnic minorities inhabit its extremities.
		Under the Shah, who was thrown out in the revolution of 1979, ethnic minorities were largely ignored and their languages banned as part of a national policy of stressing the Persian character of the state.
		The province's Arabs are among Iran's least-integrated ethnic minorities and lack a national hero of the stature of Sattar Khan and Bagher Khan, who, as Iranian legends of Azeri extraction, played a key role in the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1906 and in incorporating their communities into the national body.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/GD29Ak01.html (2869 words)

	[No title]
		Whilst the situation of most of the ethnic and religious minorities in Iran has remained unchanged through these political upheavals in a number of significant and broad senses, any understanding of their political fortunes needs to be tempered by an understanding of the revolutionary context.
		Iran is surrounded by seven countries: Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Armenia to the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, the Arabian/Persian Gulf to the south with Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates across the Gulf, and Iraq and Turkey to the west.
		Contrasting the situation of recognised religious minorities and ethnic minorities In contrasting the situation of Iran’s recognised religious minorities and ethnic minorities, it is interesting to note the greater structural concessions granted to the former.
	www.ohchr.org /english/issues/minorities/docs/WP2.doc (8998 words)

	US Marines Probe Tensions Among Iran's Ethnic Minorities
		Iran has repeatedly accused both the US and UK of inciting explosions and sabotage in oil-rich frontier regions where Arab and Kurdish minorities predominate.
		Iran's strongly centralised government does not release statistics on the ethnic groups that mainly inhabit sensitive border regions with Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
		Questions put to him were wide-ranging -- on the ethnic breakdown of Khuzestan province on the Iraq border, populations in cities, the level of discontent, the percentage of Arabs working in the oil industry, how they were represented in the central government, and their relations and kinship with Iraqi Arabs next door.
	www.aina.org /news/20060223174832.htm (1455 words)

	Ethnic minorities in iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Start the Ethnic minorities in iran article or add a request for it.
		Look for Ethnic minorities in iran in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Ethnic minorities in iran in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ethnic_minorities_in_iran (161 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Azerbaijanis in Iran: Experiencing a Cultural Reawakening
		Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50 percent of its citizens are of non-Persian origin.
		These ethnic peoples are particularly vulnerable to external pressures, since most of the non-Persian people are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, including Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.
		The Soviet collapse served as the catalyst for the cultural reawakening of Azerbaijanis in Iran.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav042000.shtml (917 words)

	FToI: Ethnic Minorities in Iran
		However difficult the thread of foreign policy of the Middle East might be to follow, the ethnic minorities in Iran still have a right to preserve their language and cultural heritage.
		In a way, ethnic and religious minorities, women, children and other traditionally repressed social categories should all find their place in such a civil society in which culture, freedom and self-rule of people shall flourish.
		The diversity index of Iran is estimated at 0.71,...
	freethoughts.org /archives/000077.php (5229 words)

	Human Rights Watch Urges Government to End Persecution and Official Discrimination Against Religious and Ethnic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		New York, September 24, 1997)--The government of Iran, under the leadership of Shi'a Muslim clerics, has engaged in the flagrant persecution of religious minorities, notably Baha'is and evangelical Christians, Human Rights Watch charged in Iran: Religious and Ethnic Minorities: Discrimination in Law and Practice, released today.
		The government has tolerated the church activities of the Orthodox Christian minority communities, which account for more than 90 percent of Iran's Christian population of 200,000, although in their interaction with Muslim society they are subject to discriminatory treatment.
		Iranian Arabs, an ethnic minority centered in southwest Iran, also have cited significant restrictions on their language and culture, and on their right to participate effectively in decisions affecting the area in which they live.
	www.hrw.org /press97/oct/iranrm.htm (782 words)

	Repression of Ethnic and Religous Minorities
		The United States has called on Iran not to execute an Iranian citizen facing a death sentence for the crime of converting from Islam to Christianity 55 years ago.
		Mechubad served as the sexton of the Tehran synagogue and was active in raising funds for the poor and in Jewish activities.
		The Islamic Government of Iran, which has often been criticized by human rights groups for its treatment of religious minorities, is mounting the fiercest campaign since the 1979 revolution against the small Christian minority here, church lea ders and Western diplomats say.
	www.iran-e-azad.org /english/ethrelrep.html (1504 words)

	Ethnic minorities singled out for attack in Iran - The Wire - October 2005 - Amnesty International
		The mass arrests and excessive use of force against protesters in the Kurdish areas are part of a pattern of abuse by the authorities of ethnic minorities in Iran, where up to half the population is Persian and the rest is made up of ethnic groups including Kurds, Arabs and Azeris (a Turkic-speaking people).
		A recent UN report stated that the authorities were denying basic amenities to Iran’s ethnic and religious minorities and in some cases seizing land.
		But while Iran’s ethnic minorities continue to be marginalized, and their protests brutally suppressed, the cycle of violence looks set to continue.
	web.amnesty.org /wire/October2005/Iran (639 words)

	Iran's ethnic minorities stew - World - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		EDITOR'S NOTE: The writer's name is withheld because his visit to the northeastern region of Iran was not authorized by the Tehran government.
		ORUMIEH, Iran -- At Orumieh's graveyard, serried ranks of graves containing the bodies of those killed during the eight-year Iran-Iraq war cover an entire hillside over- looking the town.
		More than a month after widespread riots rocked this mixed Kurdish-Azeri city, Iran's ethnic Azeri and Kurdish minorities remain angry at perceived government neglect with some demanding secession from Iran.
	www.washtimes.com /world/20060718-095128-6151r.htm (348 words)

	Ethnic minorities in Iran - TheBestLinks.com - Azerbaijan, Arab, Britain, Culture, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ethnic minorities in Iran - TheBestLinks.com - Azerbaijan, Arab, Britain, Culture,...
		Ethnic minorities in Iran, Azerbaijan, Arab, Britain, Culture, Iran, Jewish...
		The current governmnetal policy can be characterised by a mixture of celebrating and furthering cultural diversity under a joint Iranian national umbrella, while holding down (occasionally violently) political separatism.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran.html (469 words)

	Ethnic minorities in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Leaders of minority ethnic groups rallied in Washington to urge people not to avenge last week's attacks by picking on people who andquot;looked like the enemyandquot;.
		Organization whose primary purpose is to foster the growth and development of ethnic minorities at all levels of sports both nationally and internationally.
		Local authorities are to be given £162m to raise the achievement of ethnic minority pupils and traveller children.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran (1886 words)

	IRAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Unlike Iran's persecuted religious minorities, the situations of its ethnic minorities are not closely monitored by international support groups.
		This report seeks to identify areas in which treatment of ethnic minorities has failed to meet the standard of equal treatment under the law for all Iranians as set forth in the constitution and in the instruments of international law specified above.
		Baluchis are a Sunni Muslim minority residing primarily in the southeast of Iran on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/iran/Iran-06.htm (6473 words)

	Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the major internal policy challenges during the centuries up until now for most or all Iranian governments has been to find the appropriate and balanced approach to the difficulties and opportunities caused by this diversity, particularly as this internal diversity has often been readily utilized by foreign powers.
		Separatist tendencies, led by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran or Komalah in Iranian Kurdistan, for example, had led to frequent unrest and occasional military crackdown in the past.
		Similar tendencies, though on a smaller scale, in other provinces such as Baluchistan, Khuzestan (see ''Ethnic politics of Khuzestan'') and Iranian Azerbaijan required occasional suppression by police and other security measures.
	q-basic.xodox.de /Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran (483 words)

	People of Azerbaijan - Azerb.com
		The Azeri are of mixed ethnic origin, the oldest element deriving from the indigenous population of eastern Transcaucasia and possibly from the Medians of northern Persia.
		This population was Persianized during the period of the Sasanian dynasty of Iran (3rd-7th century AD), but, after the region's conquest by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century, the inhabitants were Turkicized, and further Turkicization of the population occorred in the ensuing centuries.
		Most ethnic groups have resided in the area of present-day Azerbaijan for centuries, although Slavs arrived in large numbers with the industrialization boom of the last century.
	www.travel-images.com /az-peop.html (541 words)

	Ahwaz: No Tolerance for Repulsive Behavior and Oppression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The 4.5 million indigenous Ahwazi Arabs in the southwestern province of Khuzestan are being forcibly relocated and live in poverty even though their ancestral lands produce more than 80 percent of the country's oil revenue.
		To a lesser degree, other religious, ethnic and linguistic minorities such as Lors, Armenians, Assyrians, Bahais and Jews are being subjected to the same oppression.
		At least 11 men, all members of Iran's Arab minority, are reportedly under sentence of death and at risk of execution.
	www.unpo.org /news_detail.php?arg=06&par=1293 (494 words)

	An Urgent Appeal for Human Rights Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Petition
		It is evident, that as the honourable member of Canadian Parliament, you bluntly defend human rights; furthermore, the government of Canada, as a free, federal and democratic state plays an important role in defending the rights of those nations whose rights have been trumped by reactionary regimes.
		As you are all aware, following the events of 1979, and soon after the formation of the new Islamic state in the multi-ethnic Iran, human rights in general, and the rights of Kurds, Azeris, Baluchs, Arabs,Turkems have been violated; an inhumane phenomenon that has been the core state policy of successive governments in Iran.
		The Special Representative believes there can be no doubt that the treatment of minorities in Iran does not meet the norms set out in the Declaration on Minorities or in article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
	www.petitiononline.com /irancan/petition.html (381 words)

	Iran: Reports of Ethnic Violence Suppressed (Human Rights Watch, 10-5-2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plainclothes agents arrested Banitaraf, who has written 20 books on ethnic minorities in Iran, in Tehran on April 25 during a press conference held by the nongovernmental Center for the Defense of Human Rights.
		During this event, Banitaraf publicly criticized the government’s violent suppression of protests by ethnic Iranian-Arabs in Khuzistan’s capital, Ahwaz.
		Protests erupted in Ahwaz on April 15 following publication of a letter allegedly written by Mohammad Ali Abtahi, an advisor to President Mohammad Khatami, which referred to government plans to implement policies that would reduce the proportion of ethnic Arabs in Khuzistan’s population.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2005/05/10/iran10602.htm (620 words)

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