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Topic: Ethnic war

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	Ethnic war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ethnic war is a war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism.
		Actual research shows that the fall of Communism and the increase in the number of democratic states were accompanied by a sudden and dramatic decline in total warfare, interstate wars, ethnic wars, revolutionary wars, and the number of refugees and displaced persons [1].
		These political scientists argue that the concept of ethnic war is misleading because it leads to the conclusion that certain groups are doomed to fight each other when in fact the wars between them are the result of political decisions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethnic_war (347 words)

	Ethnic war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An ethnic war is a war between ethnic group s often as a result of ethnic nationalism.
		They are of interest because of the apparent prevalence in the aftermath of the Cold War and because they frequently result in war crime s such as genocide.
		BBC News: £430m for ethnic minority education Schools are to receive extra funds to improve the educational achievement of pupils from ethnic minorities.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Ethnic_war.html (494 words)

	Otis, Autumn 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ethnic groups that perpetrate terrorist acts in Western Europe or the United States are quickly consigned to the category of international criminals, and any sympathy they might already have garnered for the righteousness of their cause is quickly lost.
		But in fact, in sharp contrast to traditional warfare, in ethnic wars women and children, the elderly, and the infirm, are not “innocent bystanders”: they are central figures, generally as significant as combatant males, in the motivations and purposes of ethnic warfare.
		In ethnic wars, the soldier is often face to face with the unknown: individuals, situations, and technologies that present new kinds of challenges.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1999/autumn/art1-a99.htm (9588 words)

	Jeffrey Burds comments on Timothy Snyder
		One of the greatest obstacles to understanding the history of Galicia during and after the Second World War has been that the memory of the events themselves has been constructed ethnically--which is to say, each ethnic group has recorded their own versions of the tragic devastation of that era.
		Ethnic cleansing was one among a number of weapons in the arsenals of all who fought over control of the region, and no principal player (other than the Jews) could resist the temptation of making easy gains through ethnic-based operations and policies.
		Waldemar Lotnik was a young ethnic Pole in Volhynia who chronicles with amazing clarity and insight his flight from Ukrainian terror in 1943, and his return for vengeance as a soldier in a Polish nationalist partisan unit in 1944-1945.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~hpcws/comment13.htm (2182 words)

	TFF Jonathan Power Columns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		If ethnic war is when "ancient hatreds" lead one ethnic group to become the ardent, murderous and dedicated opponent of everyone in another group this was not it.
		The hooligan killers inevitably attract opportunists attracted by the fruits of war- the looting, raping and binge drinking that is their daily fare.
		They had a too simple analysis- "ethnic war"- that ended up with simplistic conclusions- bombing- that worked only to consolidate Milosevic's power and, in the case of Kosovo, precipitated the ethnic cleansing they were supposedly trying to avoid.
	www.transnational.org /forum/power/2000/10.2YU_ethnic.html (962 words)

	ethnic cleansing in former Yugoslavia
		Ethnic Cleansing is a process in which advancing army of one ethnic group expels civilians of other ethnic groups from towns and villages it conquers in order to create ethnically pure enclaves for members of their ethnic group.
		Often, refugees of one ethnic group previously "cleansed" from their homes by other ethnic group are made to live in freshly "cleansed" teritory of that other ethnic group.
		Ethnic Cleansing created more than two million refugees and displaced persons in former Yugoslavia during the war in Bosnia.
	balkansnet.org /ethnicl.html (823 words)

	Ethnic war -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An ethnic war is a war between (People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture) ethnic groups often as a result of (Click link for more info and facts about ethnic nationalism) ethnic nationalism.
		A classic example of the reformulation of economic differences as ethnic differences is found in (A landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony) Rwanda.
		See also: (Click link for more info and facts about ethnic conflict in India) ethnic conflict in India, (Click link for more info and facts about List of ethnic conflicts triggered by the U.K.) List of ethnic conflicts triggered by the U.K. Books
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/et/ethnic_war.htm (269 words)

	War and Ethnic Cleansing in Yugoslavia
		There is the very common notion that these wars were nothing more than the product of ancient tribal hatreds and bloodlusts, that the people of Yugoslavia have always hated each other and wanted nothing more than to see their neighbors wiped off the face of the earth.
		This war in particular came to epitomize the small-scale ethnic wars that came to prominence during the 1990s.
		While before the war Bosnia was a messy patchwork of ethnicities with no discernable regions devoted to a single ethnicity, ethnic cleansing essentially did the job is was supposed to do by creating distinct Serbian, Muslim, and Croat regions.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/yugo-hist4.htm (2688 words)

	Schwartz, Jonathan: "Contested Identity", or "Ethnic War"? The Endurance Test in the Republic of ...
		"Ethnic war" between Albanians and Macedonians in the Republic of Macedonia is, at the writing of this paper (August/September 2001), reported on Danish television and in the daily papers on an average of every other day.
		For ethnic, national, and political narratives, genealogical continuity, as in a family's lineage, is a characteristic theme.
		Those members of an ethnic, religious, national group who dissent from the decisions of the leadership are taken to be traitors.
	www.anthrobase.com /Txt/S/Schwartz_J_01.htm (5143 words)

	"Ethnicity and War in the Balkans," by Mark Mazower
		Contemporary geo-politicians seize on the war in Bosnia as evidence that--ethnicity is replacing ideology as the motor of global conflict.
		As studies of village life in post-Civil War Greece have shown, it was often a new generation which took the lead in this process by the simple expedient of falling in love across the ethnic divide, or leaving for the towns.
		As I have mentioned, one cannot-- in my view--understand the war in Bosnia without focusing upon Milosevic and the role of the state apparatus in Belgrade, whose virtual monopoly of both the means of coercion and of communications gave it great power in shaping popular opinion.
	www.nhc.rtp.nc.us /publications/hongkong/mazower.htm (2632 words)

	Baruch Kimmerling - The Battle over Jenin as an Inter-Ethnic War
		The sounds of beating war drums can be heard throughout the land, calling both the hawkish tribes to gather around the campfire, to put on their war paint, and to go out into one last battle, until the final annihilation of the other hated and demonic tribe.
		It is quite possible that what was done in 1948, and yet again, today, is rightly called "ethnic cleansing," and was vital for the existence of a Jewish state.
		As this war appears more and more successful, from the Israeli point of view, its tainted fruits will eradicate the legitimacy of the existence of the state of Israel, and thus, in turn, also will diminish our, the Israelis', power to survive in the long run.
	www.seruv.org.il /MoreArticles/English/BaruchKimmerlingEng_2.htm (829 words)

	Onset of Ethnic War as Bargaining Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Most theories of ethnic conflict explain ethnic war by reference to the factors that motivate and enable ethnic groups to rebel.
		To rebel is to rise up against or challenge government authority; but for war to be the outcome of a challenge the government must attempt to forcefully reassert its authority.
		The findings show that smaller ethnic groups are less likely to challenge their governments than are larger groups, but when smaller groups do challenge they are more likely to end up in a war.
	www.coronetbooks.com /books/onse651X.htm (259 words)

	Ethnic war - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ethnic war - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Two controversial questions about ethnic wars is whether they are more prevalent in the post-Cold War period and whether they are really about ethnicity at all.
		See also: ethnic conflict in India, List of ethnic conflicts triggered by the U.K. Books
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ethnic_conflict (321 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Civil War II: The Coming Breakup of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He has a sweeping knowledge of ethnic conflict and revolutions around the globe and uses such examples of conflict to prove his point that America may soon face an ethnic civil war.
		The coming civil war will be vicious, he says, given the vast differences between the combatants and inability to give land away peacefully because of the mixing of ethnic groups in the same territory.
		Chittum's book that the government will be in a complete bind when at war with it's own citizens because if the government decides to obliterate a large segment of the rebellion they would be viewed negatively, thus increasing political turmoil, but if not using such massive weapons the large uprising would be out of control.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0929408179?v=glance (2593 words)

	Ethnic Composition Of Civil War Forces
		Because the North was not ringed about by a blockade, immigration continued unabated, and was in fact enhanced, by the war; some of the newcomers, grateful to be in the land of the free, joined up within months of their arrival in hopes of somehow becoming more worthy of their new land.
		But the forces that marched off at the beginning of the war to subdue the secessionists were made up of just as many old Revolutionary families as the South could boast; descendants of Paul Revere, of Ethan Allen, and of other colonial Americans were among them.
		Whole regiments from the privileged families of the East Coast marched off to war; their commanding officers were very often their professors from the university, a fact of life in the South, as well.
	www.civilwarhome.com /ethnic.htm (575 words)

	The Sun News \| 06/06/2004 \| Ethnic war claims lives of helpless
		Here, in the furnace of the Sudan, an ethnic and political war is burning through the sandy, barren province of Darfur, mostly killing the helpless.
		But U.N. officials and human rights groups are using terms such as "ethnic cleansing," "genocide" and "war crimes" to describe what's unfolding.
		A U.N. report on conditions in the village of Kailek accuses local government officials of ordering "a policy of forced starvation" and says the government "deliberately deceived the United Nations" by insisting the villagers faced no hardships in the wake of the government's anti-rebel sweep.
	www.buzztracker.org /2004/06/06/cache/222651.html (1084 words)

	TFF PRESSINFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		But at the same time there was a civil war going on from February 1998, and one US ambassador had done what the US did in connection with the Gulf war: he (Gelbard) told Beograd that the USA was of the view that KLA were terrorists - certainly also the Beograd position.
		Nothing like this happened; as we know the war was decided early last fall; only a question of preparing the public through the media, and presenting Milosevic with an ultimatum he could not accept.
		Ethnic cleansing brought about the NATO bombing, the NATO bombing brought about more ethnic cleansing in a vicious circle of mutual causation.
	www.transnational.org /pressinf/pf70.html (1990 words)

	PMag v14n6p27 -- The Warrior's Honour: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience
		Ignatieff's examination of the obscenity of "ethnic cleansing" and what he describes as the "narcissism of minor differences" deserve our attention as we in Canada struggle with such differences in our own national life.
		seems to teach us is that war survives all forms of outrage at its barbarity, that it is pointless to dream of a world beyond war or to imagine a world where the warrior's art is no longer needed, and that the path of moral reason lies in...
		This conclusion seems to be based on the notion that modern, stable societies, with their disciplined, well-trained police and military forces, are required to prevent the ethnic conflicts about which he writes.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v14n6p27.htm (957 words)

	Both Sides Suffer Consequences of Ethnic War in Central Bosnia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The war between Croats and Muslims ended over a year ago, with a federation now formed to fight invading Bosnian Serbs.
		For Petrovic, the war claimed not only her son and her home, but also the life of her husband, who died on the front lines fighting the Croats.
		When the Bosnian Muslim-Croat war began in 1993, the Muslim and Croat communities in Gornji Vakuf literally squared off on opposite sides of the main street.
	gbgm-umc.org /umcor/bosnia/bosnia5.stm (665 words)

	Civil War and Ethnic Conflict in Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Following the First World War, the educated minorities in many African countries began the process of working towards the eventual liberation of their countries.
		Further, they had to confront the legacy left by their former European rulers, who had often played different ethnic groups against one another, so as to create a situation in which rule could be exercised without concern for broad based revolutionary activity.
		This legacy persists in the form of deep ethnic tensions, in economic and power imbalances between ethnic groups, and in open civil conflict.
	www.mts.net /~gcg/resources/africa/index03.html (681 words)

	Long, quiet ethnic war in Burma \| csmonitor.com
		Soldiers from three different battalions descended on the ethnic Karen village on May 7 and gave the residents an ultimatum: Leave or be shot.
		Yet more disturbing, say escaped ethnic members, are the millions of subsistence farmers forced to neglect their crops and act as porters for troops – one of the reasons that a third of Burmese children are malnourished.
		Within hours of her release from house arrest, she met with ethnic political leaders in Rangoon and pledged to give them an equal seat at the table in talks with the military.
	csmonitor.com /2002/0521/p01s03-wosc.html (1179 words)

	Behind Ethnic War, Indonesia's Old Migration Policy- Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		Over the past 10 days, a campaign of ethnic cleansing has been pursued in an often overlooked corner of Indonesian Borneo, where more than 400 people have been killed.
		Ethnic interests are colliding throughout the country, not just in Borneo.
		But the race war in Kalimantan is among the most frightening and direct examples of the danger Indonesia faces.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/natres/timber/2001/0301brno.htm (840 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Ethnic war leaves Burundi devastated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A decade of inter-ethnic war in Burundi, in addition to claiming more than 300,000 lives, has ravaged the economy of the central African state and impoverished most of its seven million people.
		The war was sparked by the assassination of Burundi's first Hutu President, Melchior Ndadaye, in an attempted military coup on 21 October 1993, an anniversary to be marked on Tuesday with observances in Bujumbura.
		"If the war continues, this country, which has a rural economy, will not recover," warned Prime Nyamoya, a former economics professor who is now a banker.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/DDA28911-AFE4-4628-9530-FB33E3F567ED.htm (522 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Warrior's Honor : Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ignatieff's concisely written essays examine four primary themes: the moral connection created by modern culture with distant victims of war, the architects of postmodern war, the impact of ethnic war abroad on our thinking about ethnic accommodations at home (the "seductive temptation of misanthropy"), and the function of memory and social healing.
		I read this book through a class I took and I was impressed by the deep analysis on the issues of ethnic war including a focus of television and media, charitable empathy, the need for conflict, and a warrior's honor.
		Ignatieff differentiates ethnic wars happening now (civil wars, ethnic wars, brother vs. brother) than that of wars the US has waged in the past (vs. country/nation).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0805055193?v=glance (2036 words)

	GN Online: Lanka's ethnic war escalated drastically
		A dramatic escalation in Sri Lanka's ethnic war last year left almost 4,000 dead, the military said yesterday, taking the estimated death toll from the 18-year conflict to 64,000.
		Last year's fighting also took the war's destructiveness to a new level, largely due to the use by both sides of Czech-built multi-barrel rocket launchers which, together with long-range artillery, pounded large areas of Jaffna to rubble.
		Meanwhile, on war front,seven Tamil Tiger rebels were killed in heavy fighting between government troops and the guerrillas in northern Sri Lanka yesterday, an army spokesman said.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=6310 (483 words)

	The Myth Of Ethnic War: Serbia And Croatia In The 1990s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Myth Of Ethnic War: Serbia And Croatia In The 1990s Review: Gagnon's argument can be understood, in part, as explaining that the Yugoslav wars of the 90s were not inevitable.
		The Myth Of Ethnic War: Serbia And Croatia In The 1990s Review: Gagnon's book is an essential source of information on and serious analysis of the role of elites in manufacturing nationalist "hysteria" in Serbia and Croatia.
		Nonetheless, Gagnon is to be commended for moving far beyond the typical "ancient ethnic hatred" explanation for conflict in the Balkans.
	www.textkit.com /0_0801442648.html (415 words)

	Kosovo Tempts the Meddlesome to Incite Another Ethnic War
		Kosovo is a small, economically backward region inside Serbia populated by a large majority of ethnic Albanian Muslims.
		Ethnic Albanians are spread widely throughout the Balkans, in Montenegro, in the former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, in Bulgaria, Greece and, of course, Albania.
		Ethnic violence in Kosovo might well spill over to involve all of the Balkans.
	www.cato.org /dailys/1-09-98.html (753 words)

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