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Topic: Ethnographer

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	Fetterman: Ethnography Step-by-Step -- Chapter1
		Ethnographers are noted for their ability to keep an open mind about the group or culture they are studying.
		The ethnographer is both storyteller and scientist; the closer the reader of an ethnography comes to understanding the native's point of view, the better the story and the better the science.
		The ethnographer begins with a survey period to learn the basics: the native language, the kinship ties, census information, historical data, and the basic structure and function of the culture under study for the months to come.
	www.stanford.edu /~davidf/class/Chapter1.htm (5479 words)

	Pulse Check: National Trends in Drug Abuse, Fall 1995 - ONDCP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Ethnographers in Chicago, New York, New Jersey, Denver and Connecticut stated that there is a significant increase in the number of white, suburban, upper income buyers of heroin in the dealing areas they observe.
		Ethnographers in areas like New York or Chicago, where the purity has been consistently high, reported this quarter that there are noticeable differences in purity of street level units across their areas.
		Ethnographers in Texas, Colorado and Connecticut also noted that the unit sold to middle or upper income snorters is more expensive and of higher purity than that sold to established heroin injectors in inner city areas.
	www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov /publications/drugfact/pulsechk/fall95/p_5fher.html (1831 words)

	8
		The intent of the ethnographer in her/his project is to draw out from this material a sense of pattern, a configuration, a form, which has some degree of aesthetic value and integrity.
		Ethnographers have also been known to be masters of certain literary tricks of the trade, certain contrivances, allusions, convenient or commanding metaphors, etc., to lull the reader into a certain naive gullibility in accepting the authenticity of the vision represented.
		The training of good ethnographer's may not necessarily depend upon the development of a hypercritical, and often hypocritical, outlook upon the world--such exclusive criticality is often anathema to aesthetic awareness that depends primarily upon the ability to achieve an attunement, and an "appreciation" of phenomena.
	lewismicropublishing.com /Publications/Anthropologos/Anthropologos8.htm (2724 words)

	ETHNOGRAPHY: a definition
		Ethnographers stress that we move within social worlds, and that to understand the behaviour, values and meanings of any given individual (or group), we must take account of some kind of cultural context.
		To achieve such awareness, and guard against methodological and substantive 'blindness', the ethnographer must work systematically, constantly reviewing the evolution of his or her ideas, reflecting on why particular decisions were made, why certain questions were asked or not asked, why data were generated a particular way and so on.
		The object of ethnographic research by anthropologists is to discover the cultural knowledge that people hold in their minds, how it is employed in social interaction, and the consequences of this employment.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/2961/waywedo.htm (3875 words)

	The Ethnographerâs Tools : Historical Society of Pennsylvania
		Some ethnographers call their work the âscience of the everydayâ and aim to increase cross-cultural understanding and appreciation for human differences.
		Ethnographers will immerse themselves in a culture in order to observe situations, people and places very carefully, then they record their observations by taking notes, called âfieldnotes.âÂ They conduct formal and informal interviews with individuals, and distribute written surveys and questionnaires.Â They also record culture in multiple media, taking photographs, making audio recordings and videos.
		Share with students that their task is to be an ethnographer by participating in two exercises that represent two important methods ethnographers use: observation, and interview.
	www.hsp.org /default.aspx?id=433 (609 words)

	Why War? Commentary: Arriving: Writing an Ethnography of Resistance
		If the ethnographer is typically an agent of colonial forces, observing a subject under colonial rule and revealing a marginalized (dying) culture then it would seem obvious that studying resistance through becoming an actor within the resistance would be a critical step in undermining this tradition of oppression.
		As I’ve argued it is the integration narrative that reveals the ethnographer and I implied that there was more truth to be found in the moment of solidarity that Geertz felt than the months he spent studying cockfights.
		Ethnographers focused on extracting information are not living with the community but are watching it.
	www.why-war.com /commentary/2004/11/geertz_solidarity.html (2075 words)

	Making Technology Conform to Peoples' Lives: Q&A: Ethnographer Tracy Lovejoy researches behavior patterns in ...
		QandA: Ethnographer Tracy Lovejoy researches behavior patterns in everyday life, the better to inject real-world customers' voices into the development of Microsoft Windows.
		Ethnographers at Microsoft study people; look at their behaviors, values and desires, then make recommendations about how technology can better serve people's lives.
		However, because this doesn't scale, ethnographers can serve as proxies to bring that knowledge and experience back to the team and help guide product development to best serve our customers.
	www.microsoft.com /presspass/features/2005/apr05/04-04Ethnographer.mspx (952 words)

	Unit Four - English 145 - Fall 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		From those questions, the ethnographer then identifies possible answers to those questions and forms a hypothesis about the problem, based both on what he or she believes to be a plausible explanation and based on previous research on the subject.
		The ethnographer is usually in a precarious situation, for they do not know what they will find or learn when they begin to study a group of people.
		Ethnographic Essay: A common format for such essays (as well as many others in the social sciences) is as follows: First, introduce your subject matter by giving your readers some background on the project, i.e.
	www.ilstu.edu /~jlludwi/English145/eng145-fall04_unit3.htm (1475 words)

	Cybersociology #6: The Virtual Ethnographer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Ethnographers, it is argued, need 'to place their subjects firmly in the flow of historic events' (Marcus and Fischer, 1986: p.
		The fact that the ethnographer can assemble a web-based EHE that is linked explicitly to all kinds of other texts, and through them, ultimately to the rest of the Web, means that the field can be more clearly represented as intertextual and interpenetrated than could easily be suggested by the conventional printed book-form.
		Ethnographers may adopt many hypertextual features into their word-processed presentations, and indeed, may construct those presentations on the basis of hypertextually-aided analysis.
	www.socio.demon.co.uk /magazine/6/dicksmason.html (6760 words)

	Personal Narratives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Consider: 1) The Kindly Ethnographer, 2) The Friendly Ethnographer, 3) The Honest Ethnographer, 4) The Fair Ethnographer, 5) The Candid Ethnographer, 6) The Precise Ethnographer, 7) The Observant Ethnographer, 8) The Unobtrusive Ethnographer, 9) The Chaste Ethnographer, and 10) The Literary Ethnographer.
		By honest, I do not mean that ethnographers lie about their justification for research -- although they may, but rather that they do not tell the truth as they know it, and have constructed a web of justifications for this choice.
		The ethnographer was so take by the community being studied that he or she decided to remain in that scene.
	www.coe.uga.edu /quig/proceedings/Quig92_Proceedings/fine.92.html (6533 words)

	NPS Essential Competencies: Ethnographer
		Ethnographic research is management-oriented with the goals of obtaining data on ethnographic resources in parks, providing accurate information for interpretation, and identifying resources with National Register potential.
		Ethnographers are responsible for the Applied Ethnography Program throughout the agency, in parks, special centers, systems offices, and the Washington Office.
		Ethnographers provide basic anthropological knowledge and skills in providing technical assistance to the implementation of federal mandates and to the development and evaluation of programs, projects, databases, and community relationships affecting partnerships with park-associated groups.
	www.nps.gov /training/npsonly/RSC/ethnog.htm (2927 words)

	2: Ethnographic Study \| Question 5 (Answer B) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Ethnographer should not continue to interview this family, even though you have incurred costs for which there now will be little usable data.
		Ethnographer reported Mom and Dad to CPS to protect the health and wellbeing of their children and because she and you recognized that the children’s
		Ethnographer no longer would enjoy rapport with Mom and Dad, and they are unlikely to want to continue to volunteer for your study.
	www.pop.psu.edu /~sam21/ethics/ori/pages/252.html (224 words)

	AAS Abstracts: South Asia Session 92 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Drawing on her research on rural women in Maharashtra, she analyzes the contradictions that arise when the ethnographer moves between locations in the "first" and "third" worlds and between questions of theory and practice.
		Recent ethnographic writings have problematized what Appadurai has termed "the spatial dimension of anthropology." The need to understand encounters between "named" locations (or sites of ethnographic studies) and the often "unnamed" (and therefore privileged) locations of the ethnographers themselves is vital.
		Ethnographers must therefore question: The circumstantial encounter of the voluntarily displaced anthropologist and the involuntarily localized other.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1995abst/southasi/sases92.htm (1315 words)

	Twentieth Century Literature: The ethnographer's story: Mama Day and the specter of relativism
		For Geertz, anthropological understanding of the native's point of view thus continues to serve as the ground of ethnographic authority, a claim that Naylor's novel effectively problematizes as it offers the native's point of view of itself.
		While the Western ethnographer and reader are enlightened about the failures of the universalist paradigm, the Africans remain in the dark.
		This ancestor communion is precisely the mode of communication and interpretation most coveted by the ethnographer and most clearly denied to him.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0403/is_3_48/ai_102274345/pg_7 (1429 words)

	Ethnographer/Market Researcher Positions, $15-$20/hr! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		This is a great opportunity for people with social science backgrounds to practice their ethnographic and writing skills by applying them to a specific task, and to make good money at the same time.
		Ethnographers need to interview 15-20 shoppers per store, which usually works out to one day of 8 hours.
		Observations are based on your ethnographic training and can include looking at shoppers' behavior or speech, noting signage or other advertisements, or even noting patterns of movement through the area.
	santabarbara.craigslist.org /mar/97593983.html (352 words)

	McGill Journal of Education: teacher as ethnographer: Negotiating identity with a student community in Northern Cyprus, ...
		Self-critical ethnography examines the place of the ethnographer within the narrative, the teacher within the classroom, the teacher as ethnographer.
		It is a process of negotiation and contestation rather than of generalization, and the ethnographer is a self-conscious explorer of this shifting cultural identity.
		In this holistic definition of culture and ethnography the ethnographer is an agent; she helps shape, both as participant and writer, the nexus in which she operates.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3965/is_200104/ai_n8944685 (1186 words)

	The Ethnographer's Method
		The book is also an unapologetic defense of ethnography's special strengths.
		Finally, it focuses attention on those aspects of ethnography that are least understood and most poorly practiced by ethnographic neophytes: data analysis and interpretation....
		No aspiring ethnographer should be without it." Stephen R. Barley, Professor of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Stanford University (and former editor of Administrative Science Quarterly)
	www.busadm.mu.edu /~stewart/method.html (376 words)

	Designing and Conducting Ethnographic Research (Ethnographer's Toolkit , Vol 1) Adventure Travel Ideas, Gear, Books, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Ethnographer's Toolkit series begins with this overview volume, which defines the qualitative research enterprise, links research strategies to theoretical paradigms, and outlines the ways in which an ethnographic study can be designed.
		This discussion is especially useful for those in various fields and professions that have recently come to recognize the value of ethnographic methods in their endeavors.
		Chapters 3, 4, and 5 aid the ethnographer in the pre-fieldwork stage.
	www.ekibo.com /cgi-bin/apf4/apf.cgi?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=0761989757&templates=default (346 words)

	Discuss the statement ‘Being an Ethnographer is to be in two places at the same Time’.
		Discuss the statement ‘Being an Ethnographer is to be in two places at the same Time’.
		Coursework and Essays: By Subject: Sociology: Discuss the statement ‘Being an Ethnographer is to be in two places at the same Time’
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Discuss the statement ‘Being an Ethnographer is to be in two places at the same Time’.".
	www.coursework.info /i/127.html (431 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Researcher Roles and Research Partnerships (Ethnographer's Toolkit , Vol 6) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The authors first describe how the work of researchers is inextricably tied to their personal qualities, the social and cultural context of the research site, and the tasks and responsibilities that ethnographers assume in the field.
		This is the sixth volume of a seven-volume series titled "Ethnographer's Toolkit." It explains ethnographic research, the role of the researcher, the ethical considerations, and how to develop research partnerships.
		The authors explain each step in the process of ethnographic research, and the kinds of problems that might occur at that step, using many case studies of how that problem occurred and was handled.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0761989730?v=glance (708 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Mapping Social Networks, Spatial Data, and Hidden Populations (Ethnographer's Toolkit , Vol 4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Whether it is to understand the networks of individuals, the physical makeup of a household or community, or to develop strategies for finding difficult-to-reach populations such as the homeless or drug-addicted, applied researchers increasingly need to understand spatial methods.
		These hidden populations are 'hidden' in that they are consciously visible to neither 'mainstream society' nor 'agencies of social control', such as the drug-addicted or the AIDS population or the homeless.
		This book is ideal for someone already involved in ethnographic research who is looking for additional guidance or ideals regarding application of results.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0761991123?v=glance (925 words)

	Learning Commons - What is Culture? - Glossary Item - Ethnography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Rather than looking at a small set of variables and a large number of subjects ("the big picture"), the ethnographer attempts to get a detailed understanding of the circumstances of the few subjects being studied.
		Ethnographic accounts, then, are both descriptive and interpretive; descriptive, because detail is so crucial, and interpretive, because the ethnographer must determine the significance of what she observes without gathering broad, statistical information.
		The Ethnographics Gallery at the University of Kent at Canterbury (try the CSAC Research Projects section, which contains a bevy of electronically-published ethnographic studies)
	wsu.edu:8001 /vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/glossary/ethnography.html (173 words)

	This Blog Sits at the: Ethnography and quality control
		For all I know, the CPSI “ethnographer” is smart and variously gifted enough to do a great job leading the research and creating the “immersion.” But it is not clear to me that the term “ethnography” is properly used here.
		I've done several ethnographic projects (and yes I do have formal ethnographic training....can't be too careful these days--heh) for marketing/market research depts of major consumer products manufacturers and they are always under the impression that ethnography is something they can learn to do in a few days.
		Unfortunately the assumption many of these people have is that they will walk away with their official ethnographer "hat" or "cape" when the work is all said and done.
	www.cultureby.com /trilogy/2005/06/research_and_qu.html (2487 words)

	The Gate Tech__A Digital Ethnographer Considers How Children Think
		Case in point, last Tuesday night, Ricki Goldman-Segall, associate professor and director of MERLin, the Multimedia Ethnographic Research Lab at the University of British Columbia, came to town to launch her book/website, called "Points of Viewing Children's Thinking: A Digital Ethnographer's Journey."
		Goldman-Segall's work focuses on designing ethnographic methods using digital tools to explore children's thinking.
		Utilizing video as her primary research tool, she captured the candid and often insightful ideas of children as they used computers and media technologies to express themselves.
	www.sfgate.com /technology/specials/1998/04/ricki.shtml (836 words)

	© 1998 Sage Publications, Inc
		(To the extent that insiders were actively involved with an outsider in research, they should be considered along with the outsider ethnographer for answering the questions about participant observation.) Gouldner (1954): unofficially a collaborative outsider-insider study; Barker (1993): scholar dominated; Kondo (1990): scholar dominated.
		· Is the ethnographer proficient in the language(s) of the actors?
		Does the ethnographer demonstrate sensitivity to the contexts of activities that are reported?
	www.aom.pace.edu /symposia/aemapp.htm (1923 words)

	REVIEW - Ethnographer's Toolkit by Jean J. Schensul, Margaret D. Lecompte (editors)
		The Ethnographer's Toolkit series is designed with you, the novice fieldworker, in mind.
		Case studies, checklists, key points to remember, and additional resources to consult are all included to help the reader fully understand the ethnographic process.
		Research designs, data collection techniques, analytical strategies, research collaborations, and an array of uses for ethnographic work in policy, programming, and practice, are described in the volumes.
	www.mapcruzin.com /review_ethnographers_toolkit.htm (522 words)

	Khmer Institute
		One of the central problems that plague any ethical ethnographer is the issue of power and authority interwoven in her subject position as ethnographer.
		The insider ethnographer, one who is doing research in her own community, is supposedly someone whom the community trusts more than the outsider or non-native ethnographer.
		On the other hand, when knowledge is an issue, the outsider ethnographer has the advantage over the native ethnographer: Since every event is new to the outsider ethnographer, she is more acutely aware of them than the native ethnographer.
	www.khmerinstitute.org /research/paper1.html (6946 words)

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