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Topic: Ethnolect

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	Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Judeo-Arabic is an ethnolect (a linguistic entity with its own history and used by a distinct language community) which has been spoken and written in various forms by Jews throughout the Arabic-speaking world.
		It is not uncommon to use script as a religious identification for a language, as with the Arabic script of Persian and Urdu, for example, which symbolizes the Muslim nature of the language communities.
		Today, the ethnolect is approaching extinction, mostly due to the large emigration of Arab Jews, or Jews of Arab lands, in the late forties and fifties of the last century.
	www.jewish-languages.org /judeo-arabic.html (2364 words)

	Canadian Italian: How Language Adapts to Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Wherever there exists prolonged contact between a culturally and communicatively dominant language and an ethnolect, there is bound to be an extensive borrowing of words from the dominant language (the source language) by the ethnolect (the receiving language).
		Thus it is that the ethnolect develops a distinctive linguistic identity as a result of its use in an environment where another language constitutes the normal vehicle for social interaction.
		The degree of acculturation is reflected by a corresponding decrease in the use of the ethnolect.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /magic/mt84.html (1944 words)

	Ned Kelly: Australian Ironoutlaw \|\| Great Debate
		There seems to be a long tradition of ethnolects in Australian English - ethnic varieties used alongside mainstream Australian English by second and later generation Australians as an in-group marker when they were interacting within their own group or family.
		An Irish ethnolect of Australian English (with slightly different vocabulary and pronunciation) seems to have persisted for some generations, for instance, around Koroit but has since died out (A German ethnolect of Australian English can still be heard among some of the older generation around Tarrington or Tabor and in parts of South Australia).
		These ethnolects I know occur in my wife‚s family who are Irish.
	www.ironoutlaw.com /html/feedback_debate_accent.html (4422 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Poland: General Information
		- It is probably the least-spoken ethnolect in Poland and the last remnant of Germanic linguistic enclaves in southern Poland.
		Its ethnolect is by Germanists categorized as a Middle High German dialect.
		The inhabitants of the town strive to maintain their separate ethnic identity and folk culture.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewGeneral.asp?CID=39 (1288 words)

	Ebonics is misunderstood \| Antimoon Forum
		I notice that the article to which you point seems to defend "Black English," but curiously it is not _written_ in Black English.
		It's neither a sociolect nor an ethnolect; it's just solecism, pure and simple, and of the worst kind.
		Educated and intelligent people do not use it, no matter what their SES or ethnicity.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/7114.htm (978 words)

	University of Melbourne ePrints Repository - The state of modern Greek language as spoken in Victoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The thesis concludes that, at this stage of language contact, the available evidence suggests that a new communicative norm with some degree of stability of form has been adopted which serves the linguistic needs of the Greek community.
		This ethnolect (a norm which is known and used by the ethnic group is a dynamic and /or static bilingual situation) is accepted by the community at least for some purposes.
		However, as only first-generation Greek immigrants are interviewed and this speech alone was analysed, further research needs to be conducted in order to ascertain the overall pattern of contact of MG and Australian English.
	eprints.unimelb.edu.au /archive/00000988 (528 words)

	The Journal of Negro History: AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND MINORITY LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN THE UNITED STATES.@ HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Journal of Negro History; 9/22/2000; Louden, Mark L. Over the past thirty years, scholars who study the relationship between language and society (sociolinguists) have devoted a number of studies to the verbal behavior of African-Americans, primarily focusing on the modern and historical aspects of African-American Vernacular English (Black English, Ebonics).
		Specifically in the area of the historical development of AAVE, recent years have witnessed intensified work on early (pre-1900) attestations of older stages of the ethnolect.
		As regards the origins of AAVE, two distinct schools of thought have emerged.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:76876119&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (194 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Czech Gypsies begin test case for pupils classed as retarded
		The case could also add legal clout to the asylum applications of Gypsies going to Britain claiming racial discrimination, he added.
		Gypsy children often start school with little or no knowledge of Czech or speaking an "ethnolect" - a mix of Czech, Slovak and Romany.
		That, plus the fact that their culture stresses oral rather than written skills gets them off to a bad start.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,211718,00.html (785 words)

	New School: How one NGO is helping promote multiculturalism in the Czech Republic
		But, they also don't speak Czech fluently and they end up speaking what is called an 'ethnolect'.
		An ethnolect of a combination of Czech, Slovak, and Romany.
		And this is the really strange and special problem the Czech Republic is facing, that when you have students learning in a second language there's a set methodology.
	romove.radio.cz /en/clanek/19621 (3259 words)

	italiese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		To understand the Italo-Canadian community is to understand the broader issues of emigration from a linguistically diverse rural Italy and settlement in an unknown Canadian urban environment.
		On a personal note, I take great pride and satisfaction as a member of the Italo-Canadian community of Toronto in presenting this overview to all of those interested in culture and language and in particular to teachers who are interested in incorporating concepts of transformative pedagogy into their methodology.
		Usually this fulfills a need of immigrants to express concepts that do not exist in their ancestral dialects and are unknown in their Standard Italian forms due to lack of education and exposure to the vocabulary of the communications age.
	fcis.oise.utoronto.ca /~creitano/critical/italiese.html (3873 words)

	Centre for Jewish Studies Extra-Mural Lectures, 1998/99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This 'dialect' was not restricted to a particular region, but was spoken by Jews throughout the German-speaking (and adjoining) territories.
		It is therefore better defined as an "ethnolect".
		A In Germany the Jewish language spoken was an ethnolect (dialect status).
	www.mucjs.org /Matras.htm (2206 words)

	bargainshare.com -> Finally, A Kat Translator
		The Polish ethnolect is somewhat sing-songy and staccato, with devoicing of final consonants (saying "colt" instead of "cold") and dental defricativization ("dis" for "this," "dat" for "that").
		The Italian ethnolect is flatter and more atonal, stresses words or word groups heavily, and has a lower voice pitch.
		The Buffalo Italian accent should not be confused with the stereotypical "Brooklyn thug" or Joe Peschi accent used in movies.
	www.bargainshare.com /index.php?showtopic=10633 (718 words)

	Roskilde Universitetscenter - Workshop 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I will present analyses of selected interactions between adolescents in an ethnically and linguistic heterogeneous high school in Copenhagen (part of my PhD project: "Language, identity and change in the urban heterogeneous school.
		The analyses will focus on crossing into what I elsewhere have called multi ethnolect, a Danish variety associated with immigrant youth.
		What happens when speakers who are usually not thought of as (second or third generation) immigrants shift into multi ethnolect?
	www.ruc.dk /isok/Konferencer/Consequences_of_Mobility/abstracts/workshop_1?print=1 (2088 words)

	CLA 1998 Programs and Fellowships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This workshop on the problems and opportunities in teaching bilingual and bicultural students is designed for teachers who have language minority children in their classes, including children whose first language is not English and also those whose first language is English, but who speak with a regional dialect or ethnolect.
		Teachers will be introduced to recent advances in the linguistic sciences and will begin to explore the relationship of language to culture and the confusion that can result from their mixing.
		The institute is designed for teachers who have language minority children in their classes, including children whose first language is not English and also those whose first language is English, but who speak with a regional dialect or ethnolect.
	www.virginia.edu /cla/flyer98.htm (3802 words)

	Maltese language in Australia
		With the dearth of proper documentation regarding the historicity of the Maltese language within an Australian environment, official slips may have been excusable in the past.
		Hence Joseph M. Brincat's omission of the ethnolect Maltraljan as part of his treatise on the Maltese language in his book Il-Malti: Elf Sena ta' Storja is excusable.
		Professor Brincat himself was perceptive enough to write: "The fact that Maltese...
	www.maltamigration.com /news/times105203.shtml (864 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, prior to the Russian conquest of the Crimean Peninsula, and even long afterwards, the Krymchaks spoke the same language as the CrimeanTatars and the Karaites with only minor differences, mostly in pronunciation and vocabulary.
		Differences in vocabulary were mainly due to the existence of a relatively large number (about five percent) of Hebrew words inthe Krymchak ethnolect [1], since Hebrew remained the language of religion to the Krymchaks.
		The Krymchak language was called Chagatai on very rare occasions, and I suspect the use of this term was greatly influenced by a second literary tradition.
	members.aol.com /askinazy/khazanov.html (15688 words)

	Books on Idioms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The book presents unique literature in a minority ethnolect – the Germanic dialect of Wilamowice in Southern Poland.
		The manuscripts, written in the ethnolect at the beginning of the 20th century, were discovered in 1989.
		The book contains full versions of several texts of various length written by Florian Biesik, who decided to create a literary standard for Wilamowicean in order to prove its non-German, but possibly Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, Flemish or Frisian origin.
	www.10books.com /Idioms (1231 words)

	Abstracts
		Ethnolectification and de-ethnolectification of varieties of Norwegian vernaculars in language contact areas
		When is it justifiable to label a linguistic variety "ethnolect"?
		This is one of the questions posed in my paper.
	www.hum.ku.dk /ichl2003/abstracts/section6.html (2487 words)

	Sociolinguistics Symposium 15 - Papers & Posters
		Recent years have seen the emergence of a new kind of language varieties in Europe that are typically spoken in urban areas with large migrant populations.
		Starting from this observation I argue that 'Kiez-Sprache' (KS) is on its way from an ethnolect to an urban dialect that serves as a lingua franca in a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual environment.
		Drawing from a corpus of spontaneous speech samples I show that this view is supported by the emergence of grammatical phenomena like a new kind of light verb construction in KS (illustrated for instance in the ritualised threat "Ich mach dich Messer", literally: 'I make you knife').
	www.ncl.ac.uk /ss15/papers/paper_details.php?id=384 (2398 words)

	Linguistics: an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences: Shana Poplack and Sali Tagliamonte: African ...
		The history of African American English (= AAE) has been a much contested playground or battlefield for linguists, especially since the 1960s.
		One of the difficulties was that evidence on the decisive early stages of the ethnolect was very scarce--most texts being extremely short, and prejudiced or anecdotal, and, from the nineteenth century, often "distorted" by literary uses.
		The importance of reliable early data is especially great because they might allow decisions, or at least plausible arguments, in favour of the hypothesis...
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb195/is_200311/ai_hibm1G1112942475 (291 words)

	SOUNDLAB \| Dedicated to the Music, Media & Performance of Big Orbit Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"A Method for Isolating Diagnostic Linguistic Variables: The Buffalo Ethnolects Experiment".
		In this study, Carlock collaborates with Wolfgang Wolck, the most highly published and competent scholar on Buffalo English (see Wölck below).
		In the last two decades, the city of Buffalo has seen a major loss of population and rapid dissolution of the old ethnic neighborhoods, as many of the one-time "ethnic" inhabitants of the City of Buffalo continue to move to the suburbs and to insert themselves in the greater American social and economic middle classes.
	www.bigorbitgallery.com /TEXTARCHIVES/buffalobibliography.html (1749 words)

	NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY ENGLISH FACTS AND INFORMATION
		African_American New Yorkers often speak African American English (AAE), though with some New York Dialect features, as do most children of Black Caribbean immigrants.
		Many Latinos speak another distinct ethnolect, New York Latino English, characterized by a varying mix of traditional New York dialect and AAE features along with features of Portuguese and Spanish origin.
		Many East Asian_American and Middle_Eastern New Yorkers may also speak a recognizable variety.
	www.southcountryequity.com /New_York-New_Jersey_English (2728 words)

	Presentation Abstracts 2003
		British Plantation America was a North Atlantic archipelago composed of separate colonies, each possessing an expanding commercial landscape.
		: in search of an ethnolect in a working-class suburb of Paris
		Based on data collected in a largely immigrant working-class neighborhood of Paris, I will show that the speech of young adolescents is diverging from mainstream French.
	www.iprh.uiuc.edu /presentation_abstracts03.htm (2661 words)

	arthritis pain relief - African American Vernacular English
		You'll find your answers to Arthritis and other common forms of pain here.
		African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Ebonics, Black English, or Black English Vernacular, is a dialect and ethnolect of American English.
		Similar to common southern U.S. English, the dialect is spoken by many African Americans in the United States.
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/African_American_Vernacular_English (2678 words)

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