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Topic: Ethoxylation

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	Ethoxylation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethoxylation is a chemical process in which ethylene oxide (IUPAC name: 1,2-epoxyethane) is added to fatty acids in order to make them more soluble in water.
		An example is the ethoxylation of sodium lauryl sulphate to form sodium laureth sulphate, which is used as a foaming agent in shampoos and toothpastes, and as an industrial detergent.
		In an industrial ethoxylation plant, the raw material is preheated and fed to a stainless steel reactor, where it is mixed with ethylene oxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH), which acts as the catalyst.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethoxylation (165 words)

	Natural baby care products and unique baby shower gifts by Baby Bouquet! - Ethoxylation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethoxylated and Propoxylated surfactants and emulsifiers contain either ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a combination of both.
		Ethoxylated ingredients are generally used to increase the water solubility or emulsifying ability of a raw material and have been suggested to lend mildness.
		Ethoxylated surfactants are used in some shampoos because they are considered slightly milder because the molecules are larger.
	www.babybouquet.com /ethoxylation.htm (747 words)

	Patent 4223164
		Basic compounds of strontium catalyzed the ethoxylation of alcohols in the presence of phenol or alkylphenol co-catalyst.
		The instant invention describes a method for the ethoxylation of alcohols comprising contacting said alcohols with ethylene oxide in the presence of strontium base catalyst together with an effective amount of phenol or alkyl substituted phenol or mixtures of these to promote the reaction.
		The ethoxylation rate with a 16 to 18 carbon member alcohol was approximately that of the 12 to 14 carbon atoms alcohol of Example 2.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4223164.html (3494 words)

	Patent 6,300,508
		Ethoxylated, propoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acids with a degree of alkoxylation n of 1 to 2 are particularly preferred.
		The fatty acids in question may be exclusively propoxylated fatty acids, exclusively ethoxylated fatty acids or both ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acids, the ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty acids being both random and block compounds.
		The ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty acids, which are also known as fatty acid esters of alkylene glycols, are known compounds.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2001/Oct2001/100901/6300508_Surfactant100901.htm (1889 words)

	Patent 4299711
		Optimum results are obtained if the average degree of ethoxylation of the ethoxylated and sulfated or ethoxylated and sulfonated surfactant is from n-0.2 to n+0.1 and preferably from n-0.15 to n+0.05, where n is the degree of ethoxylation corresponding to the first inflection point in electrical conductivity.
		The degree of ethoxylation of the surfactant actually employed in the surfactant fluid, x in the above formula, has a value from n-0.2 to n+0.1 and preferably in the range from n-0.15 to n+0.05 where n is the degree of ethoxylation corresponding to the above described electrical injection point.
		Since the solubility of the ethoxylated and sulfated or ethoxylated and sulfonated surfactant molecule results from both the ethoxy chain and the anionic portion of the molecule, the unsulfated or unsulfonated nonionic surfactant are essentially insoluble at the salinity levels employed in the fluids of our oil recovery process.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4299711.html (2782 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Ethoxylation and propoxylation reactions are often performed together or in alternation to obtain surfactants with particular properties or random and block copolymers.
		The propoxylation of a primary fatty alcohol is slower than the corresponding ethoxylation and gives place to a secondary hydroxyl terminal group that is still less reactive.
		In this paper, the kinetics of both the ethoxylation and propoxylation of 1- and 2-octanol catalyzed by KOH have been studied for this purpose.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=404539 (382 words)

	Patent 4210764
		Cresylic acid (phenol or alkylated phenols) is used to promote barium oxide or hydroxide which is used as an ethoxylation catalyst for the reaction of ethylene oxide and alkanols of all classes.
		The instant invention describes a method for the ethoxylation of alcohols comprising contacting said alcohols with ethylene oxide in the presence of barium oxide catalysts together with an effective amount of phenol or alkyl substituted phenol or mixtures of these to promote reaction.
		Thus it is apparent that by practicing the instant invention, high mole adduct ethoxylates of alcohols can be obtained in a very narrow highly desirable distribution range while producing very low amounts of by-products and unreacted free alcohols while having a desirably fast reaction rate and greatly reducing or eliminating previously encountered induction periods.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4210764.html (2990 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The degree of ethoxylation x is from 5 to 20, preferably from 6 to 16.
		Surfactant 1 is a branched aliphatic alcohol having on average 11 carbon atoms and an average degree of ethoxylation of 5.
		Surfactants 2 to 5 are ethoxylated isotridecyl alcohols having the following average degrees of ethoxylation : Surfactant 2 : 5 Surfactant 3 : 9 Surfactant 4 : 7 Surfactant 5 : 10 Citric acid and D-gluconic acid were partly present in the form of their sodium salts.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/83879.011108&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3655 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The composition of claim 1, wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is substantially lauryl alcohol-30-ethoxylate.
		The composition of claim 1, wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is substantially lauryl alcohol-20-ethoxylate.
		The latex composition of claim 28, wherein the ethoxylated fatty alcohol is substantially lauryl alcohol-20-ethoxylate.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/33876.981210&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9311 words)

	natural hair beauty shop sydney, philosophy, vegan, cruelty-free, environmentally friendly, eco-salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethoxylated surfactants are almost identical to linear alkyl surfactants, except that they have been chemically combined with the compound ethylene oxide.
		Ethoxylated surfactants are used in shampoos because they are considered slightly milder than their linear alkyl counterparts, simply because the molecules are larger.
		The more ethylene oxide added (higher ethoxylation), the larger the molecule of the surfactant becomes but the higher the ethoxylation, the greater the risk is of exposure to harmful carcinogens.
	www.naturalhairandbeautyshop.com.au /philosophy.htm (688 words)

	[balita-anda] SLS dari http://www.mastey.com/avoid1.asp#Ingredients
		When you see the word 'laureth', it means it is 'ethoxylated.' Surfactants and Skin Irritation Ethoxylated surfactants are used in shampoos because they are considered slightly milder than their linear alkyl counterparts, simply because the molecules are larger.
		Ethoxylated Surfactants and Cancer Even though Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate and other ethoxylated surfactants are considered milder on the hair and skin, they may actually be worse for the body.
		While this may be somewhat true, what they don't tell you is that the higher the ethoxylation, the greater risk of exposure to harmful carcinogens, nitrosamines and/or 1,4 dioxane.
	www.mail-archive.com /balita-anda@indoglobal.com/msg17188.html (1463 words)

	Diaper having a lotioned topsheet - US Patent 6118041 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Preferably, the fatty alcohol ethoxylate emollient is selected from the group consisting of lauryl, cetyl, and stearyl ethoxylates, and mixtures thereof, having an average degree of ethoxylation ranging from about 2 to about 23.
		These alkyl ethoxylate emollients are typically used in combination with the petroleum-based emollients, such as petrolatum, at a weight ratio of alkyl ethoxylate emollient to petroleum-based emollient of from about 1:1 to about 1:5, preferably from about 1:2 to about 1:4.
		Also, mixtures of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol ethoxylated to an average degree of ethoxylation of from about 10 to about 20 may also be used as the hydrophilic surfactant.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6118041.html (10720 words)

	Preparation of polyether polyols containing aromatics - US Patent 5895824 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In contrast thereto, ethoxylation of TDA isomers does lead to low-viscosity polyetherols, but their containing exclusively primary OH groups leads to high reaction rates with isocyanate.
		The synthesis forced by means of the high temperature allows the propoxylation to occur predominantly at the OH groups formed by the prior ethoxylation and causes an increased proportion of NH groups to remain.
		The ethoxylation of the TDA is carried out at from about 100 to 130° C., the propoxylation with slight catalysis at from about 110 to 135° C., with pressures being able to be from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5895824.html (2842 words)

	Kinetics of Ethoxylation and Propoxylation of Ethylene Glycol Catalyzed by KOH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the present paper the kinetics of ethoxylation and of propoxylation of ethylene glycol catalyzed by KOH have been studied.
		The ethoxylation of ethylene glycol occurs with a rate that initially is higher than that observed for a fatty primary alcohol, while the propagation rate is practically the same.
		A kinetic model based on the reaction mechanisms similar to the one developed for fatty alcohols has been used for interpreting ethoxylation kinetic runs and the corresponding kinetic parameters have been determined.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?iecred/41/i21/abs/ie020082v (207 words)

	Patent 6,716,441
		When employed, these ethoxylated fatty alcohols are typically used in combination with a good barrier protectant, such as petrolatum, at a weight ratio of ethoxylated fatty alcohol to petrolatum of from about 1:1 to about 1:25, preferably from about 1:2 to about 1:15.
		Also suitable for use herein are alkoxylated derivatives of glyceryl esters, sorbitan esters, and alkyl polyglycosides, wherein the alkoxy groups is selected from the group consisting of C2-C6 oxides and their mixtures, with ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of these materials being the preferred.
		(ethoxylated sorbitan mono-, di- and/or tri-esters of C12 to C18 fatty acids with an average degree of ethoxylation of from about 2 to about 20).
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/April2004/040604/6716441_Efficient040604.htm (8151 words)

	Aromatherapy Products
		Surfactants that have been "Ethoxylated" have been chemically combined with the compound "ethylene oxide'.
		These ethoxylated surfactants are used in shampoos because they are considered slightly milder because the molecules are larger.
		The more ethoxylation, the greater the risk of exposure to harmful carcinogens, nitrosamines, and/or 1,4 dioxane.
	aromatherapyproduct.freeservers.com (689 words)

	Features Item : Decoding the Influence of Monomers on the Performance Properties of Oligomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 3-mole ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate yielded the fastest cure rates out of all monomers tested, regardless of the oligomer because ethoxylation helps to overcome surface oxygen inhibition.
		Also, the 3-mole ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate is a more polar monomer as a result of the ethoxylation, and is less resistant to the acetone.
		The 3-mole ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, as a result of its ethoxylation, allows fast cure; even faster cure than the tetrafunctional monomer the ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate in the oligomers tested.
	www.pcimag.com /CDA/ArticleInformation/features/BNP__Features__Item/0,1846,72882,00.html (1264 words)

	Harper® Products for A Better You. Lifestyles®: Nutrition & Health Are Your Business ! Also A Business Opportunity ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the ethoxylation process, the ethylene oxide is also removed from the Sodium Laureth Sulfate, leaving us with a safe, gentle cleansing agent.
		Through the ethoxylation process this is a different ingredient than SLS and should not be confused with SL.
		After the ethoxylation process, the ethylene oxide is removed from the compound, leaving us with a safe, gentle cleansing agent.
	www.lifestyler.com /jr/sles.htm (812 words)

	unknown - Strona Domowa - Firmowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The influence of diffusion factor in ethoxylation of rapeseed fatty acid methyl ester was investigated in a batch reactor.
		While ensuring a constant environment, the hydrodynamic parameter of the system was changed and the effect on its kinetics was observed.
		This result will enable the optimisation process to be focused on increasing the dynamics of convection and the mass transfer surface by, for example, modifying the structure of the absorber.
	arkach.republika.pl /mieszanie.html (162 words)

	Case Studies-Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylated
		Related studies reported in the literature show these benefits extend to thio-alcohols and ethoxylated phenols.
		This is observed for the base-catalyzed ethoxylation of fatty alcohols.
		Treatment during ethoxylation is also often a viable option.
	www.rohmhaas.com /process/fattyalcoholex.html (76 words)

	wfk - AiF Research Project No. 10570 (GT)
		Cotton and Polyester with adsorbed amounts of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO) and alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide together with a variety of modifiers (SFE).
		Parallel to SFE investigation were carried out to determine the surfactant content of the fibrous material before and after SFE using a chromatography applying supercritical carbon dioxide.
		In the case of the fatty alcohol ethoxylates a correlation between retention time and degree of ethoxylation (with the n-hydrocarbon chain being constant) respectively between retention time and chain length of the hydrocarbon group (with the degree of ethoxylation being constant) could be found.
	www.wfk.de /forschung/aif10570.php (346 words)

	POLCET_L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Solubility of the obtained ethoxylates was studied by determination of their cloud points in selected model solutions.
		It was shown that longer-chain aliphatic esters are feasible as raw materials for ethoxylation in the presence of an appropriate catalyst.
		Their solubility in water and butyldiglycol solution was relatively lower compared to their methyl ester equivalents.
	www.uni-graz.at /~trathnig/polcet_l.htm (113 words)

	MARCUS Oil & Chemical: Products: Formulations
		Frequently, the best results are acheived with a blend of surfactants of low and high degrees of ethoxylation in such a ratio as to give an average of 9-10 moles.
		Optimum results are achievable through use of an ethoxylate with 12-15 moles ethylene oxide.
		Use of a higher ethoxylate together with a reduced quantity of acetic acid enables emulsions with a pH close to neutral to be prepared.
	www.marcusoil.com /formulations.html (278 words)

	Press Release @ www.SasolSWLa.com
		The permit application being considered is for the continued operations of Sasol's Ethoxylation unit, which must now meet more stringent requirements under new regulatory guidelines.
		The Ethoxylation Unit of Sasol's local complex manufactures a surfactant that is used as a primary ingredient in many household-cleaning products.
		The Ethoxylation Unit is one of six units in the complex, which has 450 employees and approximately 200 contractors.
	www.sasolswla.com /01282003.asp (229 words)

	Shell Chemicals - Ethoxylates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NEODOL* alcohols and ethoxylates - the essential precursor molecules for many of the most respected detergents and surfactants - are available to customers worldwide.
		The ease of ethoxylation and sulphation by conventional means makes the derivatives suitable for a broad spectrum of surfactant applications.
		NEODOL is a global brand name, synonymous with high quality alcohols and ethoxylates.
	www.shellchemicals.com /geismar/1,1098,1310,00.html (248 words)

	Sodium dodecyl sulfate - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Like all detergents (as opposed to true soaps), it removes natural oils from the skin, and can therefore cause skin irritation.
		SLS can be converted by ethoxylation to sodium laureth sulphate (also called sodium lauryl ether sulphate; SLES), which is less harsh on the skin.
		In laboratories, SDS is commonly used in gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), where its detergent properties help keep the proteins being studied in a denatured state.
	www.free-definition.com /Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate.html (207 words)

	Ethoxylation - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ethoxylation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Here you will find more informations about Ethoxylation.
		If you find this encyclopedia or its sister projects useful,
		The reactor is pressurised with nitrogen to 5 bar and heated to 150°C. Link to this Website about Ethoxylation
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ethoxylation.html (148 words)

	ChemWatch MSDS MSDS for SOLVER 4445 SOLVATEX JOINTING COMPOUND
		A EU Risk Assessment Report (RAR) concluded that octyl- and nonyl- phenol ethoxylates are not readily biodegradable but are inherently biodegradable As a group, these materials are generally toxic to fish with LC50s ranging, typically, between 1-6 mg/l.
		alcohols C12-15 with 1-3 moles of ethoxylation (1-6 moles of ethoxylation IMDG) alcohols C13-15 with 1-6 moles of ethoxylation.
		New aquatic data suggests that alcohols C 8-9 branched with 3-10 moles of ethoxylation alcohols C 8-9 branched with > 10 moles of ethoxylation should also be classified as 'harmful to the environment" These alcohols may also be found linked to aromatic structures (in nonylphenol ethoxylates for example).
	www.solverpaints.com.au /html/69835.htm (1123 words)

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