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	Ethyl chloride -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some ethyl chloride is generated as a byproduct of (A polymer of vinyl chloride used instead of rubber in electric cables) polyvinyl chloride production.
		Ethyl chloride is the least toxic of the chloroethanes.
		Nonetheless, it is still used in medicine as a (Anesthetic that numbs a local area of the body) local anesthetic.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/et/ethyl_chloride.htm (825 words)

	Ethyl Chloride USP
		Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride is a vapocoolant (skin refrigerant) intended for topical application to control pain associated with injections, minor surgical procedures (such as lancing boils, incisions and drainage of small abscesses) and for the temporary relief of minor sports injuries.
		Ethyl Chloride is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to it.
		Ethyl chloride is known as a liver and kidney toxin; long-term exposure may cause liver or kidney damage.
	www.chaseunion.com /documents/PDS/ethylch1.html (813 words)

	Ethyl chloride (CASRN 75-00-3), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Ethyl chloride is explosive at 4% (40,000 ppm, 106 g/cu.m) in air, overlapping the concentrations required to produce anesthesia (3 to 4.5%).
		Ethyl chloride has been demonstrated to be a cardiac sensitizer (Balazs, et al., 1986) in dogs at or near concentrations producing anesthesia, i.e., 30,000 to 45,000 ppm (du Pont, 1971).
		The pharmacodynamics of divinyl ether, ethyl chloride, fluorexene, nitrous oxide, and trichloroethylene.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0523.htm (3239 words)

	ETHYL - LoveToKnow Article on ETHYL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ETHYL CHLORIDE, or HYDROCHLORIC ETHER, C2H5CI, a chemical compound prepared by passing dry hydrochloric acid gas into absolute alcohol.
		More volatile anaesthetics such as anestile or anaesthyl and coryl are produced by mixing with methyl chloride; a mixture of ethyl and methyl chlorides with ethyl bromide is known as somnoform.
		It is usually prepared by heating a mixture of ethyl alcohol and sulphuric acid.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/ET/ETHYL.htm (498 words)

	Occupational Safety and Health Guideline For Ethyl Chloride
		Ethyl chloride is a gas at room temperature and a volatile liquid when compressed, or at lower temperatures.
		Before a worker is placed in a job with a potential for exposure to ethyl chloride, a licensed health care professional should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risks.
		Containers of ethyl chloride should be protected from physical damage and water or steam, and should be stored separately from chemically active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium, oxidizing materials, or alkalis.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylchloride/recognition.html (3817 words)

	Ethyl Chloride - C2H5Cl - is used industrially as a refrigerant, as an intermediate in organic synthesis, as a local ...
		Ethyl Chloride - C2H5Cl - is used industrially as a refrigerant, as an intermediate in organic synthesis, as a local anesthetic in medcicine and dentistry, as a solvent for for phosphorus, sulfur, fats, oils, resins, waxes and for the manufacture of tetraethyllead and ethylcellulose.
		: Ethyl Chloride is used industrially as a refrigerant, as an intermediate in organic synthesis, as a local anesthetic in medcicine and dentistry, as a solvent for for phosphorus, sulfur, fats, oils, resins, waxes and for the manufacture of tetraethyllead and ethylcellulose.
		The use of ethylene chloride with tetraethyllead depends upon its ability to prevent the accumulation of lead compounds within the engine by converting them into lead chloride, which is sufficiently volatile to be vaporized and carried away in the exhaust gases.
	www.c-f-c.com /gaslink/pure/ethylchlor.htm (296 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane)
		Ethyl chloride is used in the production of ethyl cellulose, use as a solvent, refrigerant, and topical anesthetic, in the manufacture of dyes, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, and as a medication to alleviate pain associated with insect burns and stings.
		Ethyl chloride is a colorless gas with an ethereal odor.
		For ethyl chloride: 1 ppm = 2.64 mg/m
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/chloroet.html (1321 words)

	Tetra-ethyl lead - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		TEL is a viscous colorless liquid, produced by reacting ethyl chloride with a sodium-lead alloy.
		TEL has a very weak carbon-lead bond, and at the temperatures found in internal combustion engines it decomposes into lead and ethyl radicals, propagating the combustion by radical reactions.
		TEL was once used extensively as an additive in gasoline (petrol) for its ability to increase the fuel's octane rating (that is, to prevent its detonation ("knocking") in the engine) thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tetra-ethyl_lead (647 words)

	Ethyl Corporation Is The Parent Company Of Afton Chemical Corporation And Ethyl Corporation. Ethyl P (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ethyl ethanol ethyl acetate ethyl alcohol ethyl cellulose ethyl chloride ethyl ether methyl ethyl Etymology: German Ethyl (now Äthyl), from.
		Ethyl chloride; CASRN 75-00-3 and 4946 +/- 159 ppm (13 000 mg/cu.
		Fruity: ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, 2-octyl acetate, 2 3-butanediol, butyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl lactate, 3-methylnonane-2 4.
	www.99hosted.com /names1632.html (417 words)

	Hydrogen Chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These chlorides fume in air and are readily hydrolysed to yield either an acid or an acidic oxide.
		Chlorides are the salts of Hydrochloric Acid, and they are also produced in the direct reaction between their constituent elements.
		In the laboratory, a mixture of Cuprous Chloride, and Hydrochloric Acid, is used for converting Benzene Diazonium Chloride, to Chlorobenzene, in the Sandmeyer Reaction.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/comp/hcl.html (823 words)

	BestBETs: Ethyl chloride for emergency paediatric intravenou...
		Ethyl chloride is non-invasive and effective within seconds, which are highly desirable qualities for use in this situation.
		There is no evidence of benefit in using ethyl chloride for emergency venous cannulation in children.
		Ethyl chloride may increase the difficulty of cannulation but further evidence is needed.
	www.bestbets.org /cgi-bin/bets.pl?record=00327 (428 words)

	Ethyl Chloride: Possible Misidentification As Ethanol. Laferty PI . 1994;39(1): 261-265. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abstract: Ethyl chloride, in a blood sample, was identified as ethanol on three out of six occasions using headspace gas chromatography.
		To prevent ethyl chloride from being identified as ethanol, the PMT was changed to approximately 0.500 min ±0.012 min.
		Ethyl chloride and ethanol coeluted, forming one peak that was identified as ethanol.
	www.astm.org /jforensicsci/PAGES/2018.htm (219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this regard, management of hydrogen chloride (and affiliated hydrochloric acid) within the process is a key issue to be resolved when a catalyst system capable of conversion of both ethane and ethylene into vinyl chloride monomer is used.
		In contemplation of vinyl chloride facility construction, there is also a need to enable use of prior equipment as much as possible, where some existing equipment may have the ability to handle hydrogen chloride and other existing equipment does not have the ability to handle hydrogen chloride.
		The invention further provides an apparatus for manufacturing vinyl chloride, comprising : a reactor for generating a reactor effluent stream by catalytically reacting together ethane, ethylene, oxygen, and at least one chlorine source of hydrogen chloride, chlorine, or a chlorohydrocarbon, wherein the molar ratio of said ethane to said ethylene is between 0.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/38274.010531&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9354 words)

	GASMAN: Chapter 2. ETHER and ETHYL CHLORIDE
		He explained to me that the ethyl chloride was really a gas at room temperature but it liquefied very easily if compressed, so that it was possible to keep it as a liquid inside a thin glass tube.
		Ethyl chloride is given until about ten stertorous breaths have been taken, then a lubricated Portex tube of suitable curvature (obtained by boiling it on a curved stylet) is passed blindly from the nose into the trachea....
		In 1959 Welsh[b] reported a series of 2,920 tonsillectomies in 1934 under ethyl chloride, and a further 35,000 tonsillectomies between 1947 and 1959, also without a death, though it is not clearly stated that all of these patients were given ethyl chloride.
	www.johnpowell.net /gasman/2ece.htm (20240 words)

	High Temp Patient Storage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Examples of such ballasts are the ice in your drink which keeps it at a constant 0 C. until all the ice is gone, and the liquid nitrogen currently used for cryonics storage, which boils when heat is added but doesn't change temperature.
		Moreover, ethyl chloride in industrial purity is cheap, as Michael Paulle's recent research has demonstrated (thanks, Michael!).
		The cooling unit which hangs along-side the patient is a fan and a long hermetically sealed cylinder of ethyl chloride, at the heart of which lies a multiply coiled heat exchanger tube, into which is introduced liquid nitrogen.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=860 (422 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I'm probably biased in my assessment of ethyl chloride from the fact that this liquid is used in medicine clinically as a local skin "chill" anaesthetic, and so I've gotten to work with it some.
		I don't have the numbers, but I can predict that heat of fusion for ethyl bromide will be similar to ethyl chloride per MOLE and per VOLUME, but (mostly because bromine is heavier) only about 60% as much per weight.
		The other main candidate is n-propanol, which melts at -126 C and has 25% better performance then ethyl chloride on heat of fusion (I have to say, however, that this compound had a really lousy looking phase transition in my experiments).
	keithlynch.net /cryonet/20/83.html (641 words)

	Death due to inhalation of ethyl chloride. Broussard LA, Broussard AK, Pittman TS, Lirette DK . 2000;45(1): 223-225. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Four cans (3 empty, 1 partially empty) containing ethyl chloride and labeled as VCR head cleaner were found next to the body.
		The peak was identified as ethyl chloride and the concentrations in the blood, urine, vitreous, brain, and lungs of the deceased were 423 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 12 mg/L, 858 mg/kg, and 86 mg/kg, respectively.
		The results were compared with previously reported levels of ethyl chloride in blood and vitreous and, based on a literature search, we believe that this is the first report of ethyl chloride levels in tissue.
	www.astm.org /jforensicsci/PAGES/3196.htm (171 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 75003
		ethyl chloride was attributed to breakdown of other chlorinated compounds.
		detection of ethyl chloride in 6.0% of 994 ambient water observation stations at a median concn
		Ethyl chloride has been identified as a gas emitted from landfill simulators.
	www.speclab.com /compound/c75003.htm (747 words)

	Entheogen Dot Com > > Forums > > Research Discussion > > Chemistry > > Ethyl chloride as ...
		ethyl chloride, CH3CH2Cl, is not the same as chloroform, CCl3.
		Ethyl chloride most likely will make a poor solvent, depending on what you are extracting, as it will not stand up to an A/B. However, for just straight up extracting, it may work, as a non-flammable, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent.
		ethyl chloride is FAR from useless, just too volatile to be useful in that application.
	www.entheogen.com /index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=21890 (665 words)

	Information on Hazardous Chemicals by Class (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Organic halides, organic acid halides, esters and salts Acetyl bromide, allyl chloride and allyl iodide, acrylonitrile monomer, allyl chloroformate, allyl iodide, ammonium thiocyanate, anisoyl chloride, benzyl chloride, benzhydryl bromide (diphenyl methyl bromide), benzoyl chloride, benzyl bromide, butyl acid phosphate, benzyl chloroformate (benzyl chlorocarbonate), chloroacetyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate (ethyl chlorocarbonate), dibromoethane (ethylene bromide).
		1,2- dichloroethane (ethylene chloride), ethylene oxide, fumaryl chloride, ethyl chloroformate (methyl chlorocarbonate), propionyl chloride, iso-propylchloroformate, diisooctyl acid phosphate, p-chlororbenzyl chloride, chloropropionyl chloride, sodium tluorosilicate.
		Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (methylene chloride, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc.) have a peculiar and dangerous effect at high exposure levels (inhalation or direct skin contact): they cause changes in heart function (similar to a heart attack) which can cause death in minutes.
	people.clarkson.edu /orgs/indhygie/manual/chemhyg.htm (2463 words)

	Risk Management Plan: Hometown, Tamaqua, PA Air Products Plant
		Bulk quantities of ethyl chloride and methyl chloride are brought on site primarily by railcar and loaded into storage tanks.
		The "worst-case scenario" (WCS), as defined by EPA, is associated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride and is a catastrophic failure in the hydrogen chloride railcar.
		For anhydrous hydrogen chloride, the ACS is the failure of a safety device on a single tube of a tube trailer, resulting in a release of 3000 pounds of hydrogen chloride over a 15-minute period.
	www.actionpa.org /fluoride/chemicals/rmp-hometown.html (1676 words)

	chloride chemical formula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		each chloride ion is equally associated with all its neighboring sodium ions.
		To show three chloride ions in the formula a subscript of three is used...
		For example, methylene chloride, dichloromethane and methylenebichloride are common names for the...
	chloride-chemical-formula.pest-control-directory.biz (262 words)

	RETAIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aluminium Chlorohydrate, also known as aluminium chloride, is a synthetic organic chemical that is topically used under the arms as a deodorant.
		Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3 H2O2) is used as a topical antiperspirant or body deodorant, which acts by constricting the pores of the skin.
		Ethylbenzene catalyst in a wide range of organic compounds, dyestuff intermediate, detergent alkylate, ethyl chloride, pharmaceuticals and organics, butyl rubber, petroleum refining, hydrocarbon resins, nucleating agent for titanium dioxide pigments, coagulant and flocculant in water treatment, catalyst in petroleum industry, laboratory reagent, antiseptic, commercial antiperspirant and deodorant.
	www.deodorant-stone.co.uk /aluminium.htm (216 words)

	Chapter 6 - Simple Aliphatic Amines
		Galat and Eliot, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol 61, 3585 (1939), give a procedure where alkyl chlorides or bromides are converted to the iodide in the reaction mixture by sodium iodide and the complex hydrolyzed without isolating it first.
		The ammonium chloride is filtered off and the alcohol in the filtrate removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
		The amines are then dissolved in ether (or toluene, methylene chloride etc) and reconverted to the HCl salts with a stream of HCl gas.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/tcboe/chapter6.html (1444 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Instructions for the Use of Ethyl Chloride Ethyl chloride spray is available from the Center for Comparative Medicine.
		Use the tube of ethyl chloride in the following manner: In a chemical fume hood, invert the ethyl chloride bottle and spray 1 ml into a 1.5 ml polypropylene microcentrifuge tube (either snap or screw top) for use in the mouse room.
		Submerge the tip of the mouse’s tail to be amputated into the ethyl chloride for 1-2 seconds.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/iacuc/policies/policy_genotyping_mice_08_20_04.doc (589 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In such a design we'd have to have much thicker aluminum heat conductors radiating from the central ethyl chloride heat dump out to our hexagonal cryogrub cells ("cryogrub" = frozen TV dinner for whatever creatures come to inhabit the future Earth...), and essentially no insulation between conductor and the inside of our cells at all.
		Still, it would be a much simpler design than one that had to deal with the 60 C temp gradient of LN2 to -135 all the time.
		If the purpose of using liquid nitrogen as primary coolant is for thermal balast, this can all be done with ethyl chloride.
	keithlynch.net /cryonet/20/46.html (424 words)

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