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Topic: Ethylene oxide

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	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Ethylene Oxide
		Ethylene oxide is a flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor.
		Because ethylene oxide is a gas, most is expected to be released to the air where it reacts with water vapor and sunlight and breaks down within a few days.
		Ethylene oxide does not persist long in the environment and is not expected to build up in the food chain.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts137.html (990 words)

	Ethylene Oxide (Cicads 54, 2003)
		mice exposed to 0, 92, or 183 mg ethylene oxide/m
		mice exposed to 0, 92, 183, or 366 mg ethylene oxide/m
		mice exposed to 0 or 366 mg ethylene oxide/m
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad54.htm (13524 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Ethylene Oxide
		Ethylene oxide reacts with water, strong acids, alkalies, and oxidizers; chlorides of iron, tin, and aluminum; and oxides of iron and aluminum.
		Ethylene oxide poisoning is not known to pose additional risk during the use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.
		Ethylene oxide is suspected of causing cancer of the blood, and birth defects may occur in infants whose mothers were repeatedly and excessively exposed during pregnancy.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg137.html (4339 words)

	Ethylene oxide Summary
		Ethylene oxide is a disinfectant, fumigant, and sterilizer, and its derivatives have a wide range of industrial and commercial uses.
		Ethylene oxide gas kills bacteria, mold, and fungi, and can therefore be used to sterilize substances that would be damaged by sterilizing techniques such as pasteurization that rely on heat.
		Ethylene oxide sterilization for the preservation of spices was patented in 1938 by the American chemist Lloyd Hall, and it is still used in that role.
	www.bookrags.com /Ethylene_oxide (1173 words)

	MedNets : A medical search engine and health portal
		Ethylene oxide is used commonly as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion is unlikely to occur.
		Ethylene oxide also is used as a cold sterilizing agent for foods and medical equipment and supplies; as a fumigant and fungicide in the manufacture of medical products and foodstuffs; and as a solvent, plasticizer, and chemical intermediate.
		Ethylene oxide is suspected of causing cancer of the blood, and birth defects may occur in offspring of mothers who were repeatedly and excessively exposed at work.
	www.mednets.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/articles_ethylene_oxide_poisoning_and_exposure_toxicology-Ethylene (3099 words)

	Ethylene oxide: toxicology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethylene oxide is very soluble in blood and the pulmonary uptake into the blood is very efficient, being primarly determined by the alveolar ventilation rate and the concentration of EtO in the inspired air.
		Since ethylene oxide appears to be a poor substrate for epoxide hydrolase, it has been suggested that ethylene oxide could undergo transformation by reaction with water and chloride ions, resulting in the formation of ethylene glycol and 2-chloroethanol, respectively.
		Ethylene oxide directly alkylates proteins and DNA and is mutagenic in mammals in vivo, including both gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities (including breaks, gaps and exchanges and supernumerary chromosomes).
	cdfc00.rug.ac.be /healthrisk/Ethylene-oxide/toxicology.htm (1035 words)

	Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethylene oxide is produced industrially by the oxidation of ethylene with either pure oxygen or air.
		Ethylene and oxygen (or air) are reacted at 10-30 atmospheres and 400-500F in a fixed bed catalytic reactor.
		The ethylene oxide is recovered from the liquid in a desorber and distilled to remove water.
	www.che.lsu.edu /COURSES/4205/2000/Farritor/IndustrialPractices.html (479 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Derivatives — Ethoxylate, Polyethylene Glycols, Demulsifier, Emulsifier, Esterification
		Ethylene oxide alone or in combination with other inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen is used to sterilise instruments for the healthcare, publication and wood products sectors.
		Ethylene oxide is a reactive chemical, and other derivatives it forms include ethanolamies on reaction with ammonia, which are used in gas processing, detergents and soaps and cement grinding.
		Ethylene oxide gas kills bacteria, mold, and fungi, and can therefore be used to sterilize substances that would be damaged by sterilizing techniques such as pasteurization that rely on heat.
	www.emulsifiers.in (734 words)

	Ethylene Oxide \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Relatively small amounts of ethylene oxide are used as a fumigant, a sterilant for food (spices) and cosmetics, and in hospital sterilization of surgical equipment and plastic devices that cannot be sterilized by steam.
		Major effects observed in workers exposed to ethylene oxide at low levels for several years are irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes and problems in the functioning of the brain and nerves.
		Ethylene oxide has an estimated half-life in air ranging from 69 to 149 days, while its half-life in water is about 50 years.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/ethylene.html (1442 words)

	Anthrax spore decontamination using Ethylene Oxide \| Pesticides \| US EPA
		Bleach, chlorine dioxide, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid, methyl bromide, paraformaldehyde and vaporized hydrogen peroxide were pesticides used in federal decontamination responses to the bioterrorism attacks of October 2001.
		Ethylene oxide (also known as EO, EtO, ETO, anprolene, dihydrooxirene, 1,2-epoxyethane, oxacyclopropane, oxane, oxidoethane, oxirane, and others) is an industrial chemical with a variety of uses such as an ingredient or as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals (e.g., ethylene glycol and polyester), or to produce nonionic surfactants in household and industrial detergents.
		Nevertheless, EPA noted that ethylene oxide gas might adversely affect certain items such as biological samples, diagnostic kits, film, drugs and medicines, eyeglasses and contact lenses, and some garments, and that those items would have to be discarded.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/factsheets/chemicals/etofactsheet.htm (766 words)

	Ethylene oxide (HSG 16, 1988)
		Ethylene oxide, sold for fumigation or sterilization purposes, is often mixed with carbon dioxide (e.g., 10-30% ethylene oxide and 70-90% carbon dioxide) or fluorocarbons (e.g., 12% ethylene oxide and 88% fluorocarbons), as already indicated by the trade names in section 1.1.
		Ethylene oxide directly alkylates proteins and DNA and is mutagenic in microorganisms, plants, insects, mammalian cells in vitro, and mammals in vivo, inducing both gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.
		Furthermore, when ethylene oxide is processed in quantities equal to, or over, 50 tonnes, or is stored in quantities equal to, or over, 300 tonnes, notification has to be made to the competent authorities including information on the substance, on the installation, information on possible major accident situations, and emergency plans.
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg016.htm (4627 words)

	[No title]
		Ethylene oxide will not adsorb strongly to soil or bioconcentrate in fish, although its presence in some food items may result from its use as a fumigant and sterilant.
		The rats were exposed to ethylene oxide vapor concentrations of 10, 33 and 100 ppm for 6 h a day, 5 days a week, for up to two years.
		Female rats exposed to 100 ppm ethylene oxide had a significant increase in mononuclear cell leukemia and female rats exposed to 33 and 100 ppm...
	www.lycos.com /info/ethylene--ethylene-oxide.html (524 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Steam Sterilizer Autoclave Sterilize Irradiation Sterilization
		Ethylene Oxide Steam Sterilizer Autoclave Sterilize Irradiation Sterilization
		Ethylene Oxide sterilizer and steam autoclave manufacturer and remanufacture - facility design, installation, application and submission for state and federal emission permits.
		Ethylene Oxide sterilization facility design and emission permit applications with local and federal agencies.
	www.steriletech.com (279 words)

	CUPE > Ethylene Oxide
		The contaminated goods are exposed to ethylene oxide gas in closed chambers of various types, are removed to air out and are then packaged for reuse in the facility.
		Ethylene oxide diluted with inert gases such as fluorocarbons is supplied to the sterilizer through piping, often from a mechanical room near the sterilizer.
		Finally it is crucial that all workers potentially exposed to ethylene oxide are made aware of the hazards and necessary controls and that workplace health and safety committees ensure that workers are effectively protected against EtO exposure.
	www.cupe.ca /HealthAndSafety/Ethylene_Oxide (1731 words)

	Rulemaking Informal: 1998-09-25 Ethylene Oxide ATCM
		is the total pounds of ethylene oxide used in all of the sterilizers at the facility during a one-year period.
		an estimate of the total pounds of ethylene oxide and sterilant gas used by the facility, in all sterilizers, during the previous calendar year, as determined by a method approved by the district.
		means the concentration of ethylene glycol in the scrubber liquor of an acid-water scrubber control device established during a performance test when the scrubber achieves at least 99 percent control of ethylene oxide emissions.
	www.arb.ca.gov /toxics/atcm/etoatcm.htm (6009 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Factsheet - NSW Department of Health
		Ethylene Oxide is a flammable gas that dissolves readily in water.
		What is known is that there is usually a very small amount of Ethylene Oxide in urban air and higher levels are found in the immediate vicinity of industries such as sterilisation facilities.
		Long-term exposure to Ethylene Oxide at high levels encountered at some workplaces has also been associated with a small to moderate increase in the incidence of some cancers.
	www.health.nsw.gov.au /pubs/2007/ethylene_oxide_fs.html (483 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this, ethylene oxide isomerizes to form acetaldehyde (CH The acetaldehyde then after oxidation forms the carbon dioxide and water.
		Ethylene oxide gas kills bacteria (and their endospores), mold, and fungi, and can therefore be used to sterilize substances that would be damaged by sterilizing techniques such as pasteurization that rely on heat.
		Because of its high flammability and wide explosive concentration range in air, ethylene oxide is sometimes used as the fuel component of a fuel-air explosive
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=ethylene_oxide (747 words)

	Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Fact Sheet
		Ethylene oxide enters your body when it is released into the air you breathe or when the liquid contacts your skin.
		The PEL for ethylene oxide is set at one part of ethylene oxide per million parts of air (1 "part per million," or 1 "ppm").
		Ethylene oxide has poor warning properties, so the cartridge on an air-purifying respirator could wear out and need replacement without your knowing that it was no longer effective.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ohb/HESIS/eto.htm (2022 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Derivatives, Ethylene Oxide Condensate India
		Ethylene oxide Derivatives - We manufacture and export international quality Ethylene Oxide Condensate includes Surfactants, Emulsifier, Demulsifier, Specialty Chemicals from India.
		Ethylene oxide is a very important industrial chemical used as an intermediates for the production of other chemicals and sterilant for the manufacturing of rubber, paint, leather processing, Industrial Surfactants, Paper, Textile, Metal processing, Latex and Waxes, Household surfactants, Detergents, Pharmaceuticals Raw materials, Dyeing and finishing, Agrochemicals, Cosmetics raw material are applications.
		Shree Vallabh chemicals is one of the leaders in manufacturing of Ethylene oxide derivatives.
	www.shreechem.in (116 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers and Steam Autoclaves
		Sterile Technologies, Inc. manufactures Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers ranging in size from 2.3 cubic feet to 3,000 cubic feet for use with 100% Ethylene Oxide and Nitrogen mixture, Oxyfume, and 7.5% Ethylene Oxide and 92.5% Carbon Dioxide.
		All of the Ethylene Oxide sterilizers and steam autoclaves manufactured and remanufactured by Sterile Technologies, Inc. meet and exceed the latest ASME, cGMP, ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11135-94, FDA, NFPA 560, NFPA 70, BSEN 1422 and USNEC requirements and regulations.
		All STI Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers, Steam Autoclaves, Microprocessor Process Controls, PLC Controls and Validation Systems consist of universally available components that are readily available worldwide from local suppliers.
	www.steriletech.com /ethylene_oxide_sterilizers_and_s.htm (286 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Fact Sheet
		Ethylene Oxide is an intermediate in the production of several industrial chemicals, one of which is non-ionic surfactants.
		Ethylene Oxide is an established carcinogen (cancer causing agent) and possesses several other physical and health hazards, including acute toxicity, high reactivity, reproductive and mutagenic effects, neurotoxicity and sensitization.
		Ethylene Oxide is a colourless, odourless gas at room temperature and is stable in aqueous solutions and completely miscible in water yet is extremely volatile with an occupational exposure limit of 1 part per million in air.
	www.kleenkuip.com /products/ethylene_oxide_fact_sheet.htm (219 words)

	Lab Safety Supply - EZ Facts Safety Info - Document #176, Ethylene Oxide
		Ethylene oxide (EtO) is primarily used to produce several industrial chemicals, most notably ethylene glycol.
		Ethylene oxide is completely miscible with water, alcohol, acetone, benzene, ether and most organic solvents.
		Ethylene oxide has also been linked to reproductive damage, including spontaneous abortions; cytogenetic damage; neurological effects ranging from nausea and dizziness to peripheral paralysis; and tissue irritation.
	www.labsafety.com /refinfo/ezfacts/ezf176.htm (1236 words)

	AANA - Resources
		Ethylene oxide is acceptable for most materials used in manufacturing the reusable components of anesthesia machines, ventilators, and monitors,
		Ethylene oxide sterilization employs a powerful poisonous fumigant gas, and therefore mandates an appropriate means of aeration to remove all traces of residual gas.
		Workers exposed to ethylene oxide are required to comply with all specific procedures set forth by OSHA and the EPA.
	www.aana.com /resources.aspx?ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetID=51&ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetType=4&ucNavMenu_TSMenuID=6&id=742 (1094 words)

	DRDB: SJUAPCD 7021 ETHYLENE OXIDE-STERILIZERS AND AERATORS
		The purpose of this rule is to control the emissions of ethylene oxide from sterilizers and aerators.
		Aeration is completed when materials that have previously undergone ethylene oxide sterilization can be handled in the same manner as similar materials that have not been sterilized with ethylene oxide.
		A sterilizer exhaust pump is not a device used solely to evacuate a sterilizer prior to the introduction of ethylene oxide.
	www.arb.ca.gov /DRDB/SJU/CURHTML/R7021.HTM (1462 words)

	Ethylene Oxide Medical device sterilisation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethylene Oxide boasts nearly a seventy-year history of use in industry.
		Ethylene Oxide's most common application is in making other chemicals.
		Ethylene Oxide is a crucial input to the production of Ethylene Glycol, which is the main ingredient in automotive antifreeze.
	www.andersencaledonia.com /Misc/Ethyleneoxideinformation.aspx (210 words)

	CEPA Environmental Registry - Guidelines for the Reduction of Ethylene Oxide Releases from Sterilization Applications
		All testing should be conducted under normal operating conditions and maximum ethylene oxide mass flow in the sterilizer or aerator exhaust stream, as the case may be.
		The quantity of ethylene oxide purchased or used during the previous calendar year.
		The quantity of ethylene oxide released to the atmosphere during the previous calendar year.
	www.ec.gc.ca /CEPARegistry/guidelines/ethylene_oxide.cfm (1147 words)

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