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	Etienne Saqr - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Etienne Saqr (last name also spelt Sakr or Sacre), or Abu Arz, his nom de guerre, is a right wing Lebanese nationalist politician and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia group and political party (Hiras Al-Arz in Arabic).
		Saqr was born in Ain Ebel in 1937, the son of Caesar Saqr, a school principal.
		Saqr was educated in French schools in Tripoli and Beirut, but the elder Saqr's death in 1944 left the family in relative poverty, which precluded a university education for Etienne Saqr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Etienne_Saqr (612 words)

	Dossier: Etienne Saqr (January 2003)
		Etienne Saqr was born in 1937 in the southern Lebanese village of Ain Ebel, one of eleven children reared by Caesar Saqr, a school principal.
		In 1962, Saqr moved from the geographical and political periphery of the country to the capital city and assumed a position in the presidential palace.
		While Saqr opposed Hobeika's attempt to lead the LF toward accommodation with Syria (which culminated in the Tripartite Agreement of September 1985), he was greatly disturbed by the fighting which broke out between pro-Geagea and pro-Hobeika forces in late December and persuaded Army Commander Michel Aoun to intervene and prevent the slaughter of Hobeika's men.
	www.meib.org /articles/0301_ld.htm (2919 words)

	Étienne Saqr - Encyclopedia, History and Biography
		Étienne Saqr (last name also spelt Sakr or Sacre) is a right wing Lebanese nationalist politician and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia group and political party (Hiras Al-Arz in Arabic).
		Saqr was educated in French schools in Tripoli and Beirut, but the elder Saqr's death in 1944 left the family in relative poverty, which precluded a university education for Étienne Saqr.
		Instead, he joined the Sureté Générale (General Security Directorate) in 1954 and was involved in fighting against Muslim rebel forces in the civil war of 1958.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Etienne_Saqr (621 words)

	Guardians of the Cedars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was formed by Etienne Saqr and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early 1970's.
		As a consequence Guardians of the Cedars has adopted positions hostile to pan-arabism and Arabs in general, Saqr fighting against Muslim rebel forces in the Lebanese Civil War of 1958.
		Saqr summed the Guardians of the Cedars attitude to Palestinians in an interview with the Jerusalem Post on July 23 1982: "It is the Palestinians we have to deal with.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/g/gu/guardians_of_the_cedars.html (487 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Etienne Jodelle, seigneur de Limodin (1532-1573), French dramatist and poet, was born in Paris of a noble family.
		Etienne Maurice Falconet (1716-1791), French sculptor, was born in Paris.
		Etienne Nestor Ys (born 1962) is the chief minister of the Netherlands Antilles.
	www.merdin.info /browse.php?title=E/ET/ETI (1201 words)

	Etienne Saqr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Saqr also opposed the entry of Syria into the Lebaneseconflict.
		Saqr was openly pro- Israeli and welcomed the Israeli invasion in 1982.
		Saqr supported Michel Aoun 'sdeclaration of war on Syria in March 1989, but after Aoun's defeat Saqr fled to Israelioccupied southern Lebanon.
	www.therfcc.org /etienne-saqr-376468.html (217 words)

	Guardians of the Cedars -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was formed by (Click link for more info and facts about Étienne Saqr) Étienne Saqr and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early (The decade from 1970 to 1979) 1970s.
		Saqr himself had fought against (A believer or follower of Islam) Muslim rebel forces back in the (Click link for more info and facts about Lebanon Crisis) Lebanon Crisis of 1958.
		Saqr summed the Guardians of the Cedars attitude to Palestinians in an interview with the (Click link for more info and facts about Jerusalem Post) Jerusalem Post on July 23 1982: "It is the Palestinians we have to deal with.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Gu/Guardians_of_the_Cedars.htm (582 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Guardians of the Cedars
		The Guardians of the Cedars are a right wing political movement and former militia in Lebanon.
		It was formed by Étienne Saqr and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early 1970s.
		Saqr himself had fought against Muslim rebel forces back in the Lebanon Crisis of 1958.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Guardians_of_the_Cedars (761 words)

	Encyclopedia: Guardians of the Cedars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Etienne Saqr Etienne Saqr (last name also spelt Sakr or Sacre) is a right wing Lebanese nationalist politician and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia group and political party (Hiras Al-Arz in Arabic).
		The Lebanese Renewal Party is a nationalist party in Lebanon formed in 1972 as the political arm of the paramilitary force known as the Guardians of the Cedars.
		Saqr himself had fought against Islamic militias back in the Lebanon Crisis of 1958.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Guardians-of-the-Cedars (1467 words)

	Etienne Saqr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Etienne Saqr es político del ala derecha y un fundador nacionalistas libaneses de los guardas del grupo de la milicia de los cedros.
		Saqr era abiertamente favorable-Israeli' y dio la bienvenida a la invasión israelí en 1982.
		Saqr soportó el declaración de Michel Aoun de la guerra en Siria en marcha de 1989, pero después de que la derrota Saqr de Aoun huyera a Líbano meridional ocupado israelí.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/et/Etienne%20Saqr.htm (282 words)

	Iviews.com
		Saqr was shuttled around New York by an Israeli activist and met with the Conference and other Jewish groups.
		Asked whether he would condemn Saqr by name were he to learn Saqr was in fact responsible for the deaths of civilians, Hoenlein replied that he would not answer hypothetical questions.
		Saqr is the commander of the Guardians of the Cedar, one of the most feared of the right wing militias that operated during the Lebanese civil war, whose gunmen used to cut off the ears of Muslims and hang them from their gunbelts.
	iviews.com /articles/Articles.asp?ref=IV9909-635 (1951 words)

	GN Online: Players for World Cup qualifiers have been identified - Saqr
		Saqr stated that the team's fitness was excellent.
		Saqr stated that he would select 24 players and release six on Wednesday.
		Saqr stated that he was not worried about injuries during the warm up games.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=22896 (604 words)

	The Principle Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Etienne Saqr was born in 1937 in Ain Ebel, his father being Caesar Saqr, a humble school principal.
		Saqr was not from a prominent political family and entered the public arena without a sound financial base or patronage network.
		While Saqr opposed Hobeika's attempt to lead the LF toward accommodation with Syria he was greatly disturbed by the fighting which broke out between pro-Geagea and pro-Hobeika forces in late December worked with Army Commander Michel Aoun to prevent the slaughter of Hobeika's men.
	www.cedarland.org /bio.html (13316 words)

	Parties of Lebanon - Guardians of the Cedars
		During this period, Etienne married his wife, Alexandra, from Zahle and together they bore two daughters, Pascal and Carole, and a son, Arz.
		Throughout the war, Saqr's forces closely coordinated with the key Christian militias - Pierre Gemayel's Phalange militia, commanded by his son, Bashir; Camille Chamoun's Tigers militia, commanded by his son, Dany; and the Marada Brigades of then-President Suleiman Frangieh, commanded by his son, Tony.
		In February 1998, he wrote a four-page proposal calling for the transformation of the security zone into a launch pad for the liberation of all Lebanon, but Israeli military commanders and their SLA counterparts would entertain no thoughts of offensive action.
	www.warsoflebanon.com /abou-arz.html (1340 words)

	Outpost, April 1999, p. 1
		The current visit to the United States by Etienne Saqr, a leader of the Christian military forces in the Lebanese city of Jezzine, has helped to spotlight an important but usually-ignored perspective on the Lebanon situation--that of the dispossessed, persecuted, and illegally-occupied Maronite Christians of Lebanon.
		Saqr has described the situation as "an elephant fighting mosquitos." Israeli jets and helicopter-gunships strike at targets in the mountains and valleys of Lebanon, while the Hezbollah terrorists find ready and efficient shelter in the caves across the countryside.
		Etienne Saqr and Uzi Landau have proposed a sensible alternative--indeed, the only sensible alternative--to withdrawal: strike at the Syrian roots of the problem.
	www.afsi.org /OUTPOST/99APR/apr1.htm (546 words)

	Younes, Bassil, Saqr and Saba indicted
		The two others include the leader of the Guardians of the Cedars, Etienne Saqr, and one of his followers, Antoine Saba, also known as Antoine Shalfoun.
		Saqr has already been tried in absentia on other charges and was sentenced to death.
		Saqr told Younes that the Voice of the South radio station was looking for a correspondent in the liberated areas and told him to go to Israel to meet with the radio station’s managers.
	www.gotc.org /habib/arrests6.htm (740 words)

	Hajjar fights back: ‘I’ve never seen an Israeli’
		Claude Hajjar, who was released on Wednesday after being interrogated as a witness in the case against Al-Hayat journalist Habib Younes, expressed outrage at newspaper reports alleging that she had attended a meeting where Israelis were present.
		Saqr has been in self-imposed exile since the 1980s, residing mainly in Israel.
		When Younes heard that Saqr was in Cyprus, he traveled to the island, where he spent one-and-a-half days.
	www.gotc.org /habib/arrests1.htm (556 words)

	sep16a
		Its leader Etienne Saqr, aka Abu Arz is an honest man that educates his followers in Lebanese Nationalism.
		Etienne Saqr is not the advocate of the Palestinian, subversive cause in the Middle East, he is neither the advocate of the Baath Party for Syria nor Iraq.
		We urge the return of national leader Etienne Saqr to Lebanon to rehabilitate a healthy, national reconciliation in Lebanon.
	www.free-lebanon.com /LFPNews/2005/September/sep16/sep16a/sep16a.html (716 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She was interrogated in the case against Younes and was subsequently released.
		Younes allegedly met with Zaray on April 14, in the presence of Etienne Saqr, the leader of the Guardians of the Cedars party, who left the country last year following Israel’s withdrawal from the South.
		Hajjar, who says she has been a friend of the Saqr family for 12 years, visited Saqr in Cyprus on April 14 but denies meeting with any Israelis.
	www.gotc.org /habib/arrests3.htm (417 words)

	The Hidden History of Zionism : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Major Saqr was the leader of the several-thousand-strong rightwing militia, "The Guardians of the Cedars".
		The Jerusalem Post disclosed that Major Saqr "is about to leave for the United States to put his credo and solutions" before Americans.
		Major Saqr had played a major role in the 1976 massacre of Palestinians in Tal al Zaatar refugee camp.
	sf.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=139585 (2564 words)

	LCPS - Publications
		Several deputies attempt to block the application of paragraph 16 of the new law on the audio-visual media; the paragraph gives the government discretionary powers to grant broadcasting licenses to whichever stations it desires.
		Friday 19, January 1996: The military prosecutor asks for the death sentence in the case of the head of the former Guardians of the Cedars militia, Etienne Saqr, for alleged collaboration with Israel.
		Sunday 21, January 1996: Elections to the Autonomous Council of the Palestinian autonomous territories lead to a clear-cut victory for the PLO; meanwhile, Yasser Arafat is elected head of state by 88% of electors.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /web04/english/publications/periodicals/lreport/chronology_.html (4843 words)

	GN Online: UAE soccer team leaves for Switzerland
		Abdullah Saqr the UAE coach said that the team's training starts today in Lausanne.
		He is a talented player, but he must be fit so that he can play the full 90 minutes.
		Saqr also stated that the national team would face Dynamo Zagreb of Croatia on July 11.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=20839 (620 words)

	IFEX :: Journalist Pierre Atallah remains in detention
		Contrary to recent statements made by Lebanese government officials that Atallah's arrest is not related to his journalistic work, the investigation appeared to show that the primary evidence against him was a series of articles that he had written for "Al-Nahar" over the past year.
		According to his lawyer, who was present at the hearing, Atallah was questioned about two articles which included interviews with former Christian militia leader Etienne Saqr, who was recently convicted of treason by a Lebanese court for his alleged collaboration with Israel's occupation army in south Lebanon.
		A third article in question reported on an incident in October 1996 when the Lebanese army allegedly harassed a congregation of Christians who were prevented from entering a church in Beirut.
	www.ifex.org /es/content/view/full/4666? (492 words)

	The Factions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was founded and led by a former police officer, Etienne Sakr (Abu Arz).
		The founder and leader of the party, Etienne Sakr (Abu Arz), announced in early 1976 that Lebanon should not be associated with anything but itself, and particularly not with Arabism "which is a backward movement."
		During this battle, Saqr led a unit of Guardians force to Chekka, where Christian civilians were being slaughtered by leftist-Palestinian forces, and fought off the attackers.
	www.cedarland.org /teams.html (10791 words)

	Pierre Gemayel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It soon became clear, however, that Syria was occupying Lebanon for reasons of its own, andintended to use Lebanon as a proxy front for wars against Israel.
		In 1976, he joined othermainly Christian leaders, including former president Camille Chamoun,the diplomat Charles Malik, andthe radical Guardians of the Cedars Party leader Etienne Saqr, in forming the Lebanese Front to oppose theSyrian occupation.
		In 1978, the Lebanese Front joined the Lebanese regular army in anunsuccessful 100-day war against the Syrian army.
	www.therfcc.org /pierre-gemayel-261888.html (928 words)

	may29_interview
		MK: Etienne, I won’t ask you how you are, as I know how rejected and upset you are with this entire situation.
		We hope to gather enough world wide support that we can transform our country back to the status of a free and sovereign state and without any foreign presence usurping our sovereignty.
		MK: Etienne, you are not telling us much.
	www.free-lebanon.com /News/May2000/May29/may29_interview/may29_interview.html (520 words)

	ALOR - OnTarget Vol.20 - No.3
		In an effort to counter increasing resistance, Israel is reported to be turning to another hatchet man - one Etienne Saqr and his militia - to counter guerilla fighters.
		Some members of his 2000 strong private army have already moved into Israel's zone of the Awali River.
		Saqr has just returned from Jerusalem where he urged Israel and America to keep their troops in Lebanon and praised Israel for its humanitarianism in Lebanon.
	www.alor.org /Volume20/Vol20No3.htm (2307 words)

	Naharnet Newsdesk - Addoum Adds Chamoun, Abu Arz to Prosecution Mill
		As for Gen. Michel Aoun, Addoum said the former army commander and interim prime minister was engaged in activity to "destabilize the country" and "undermine national security."
		Addoum accused Dory Chamoun, who heads the opposition National Liberal Party, of "incitement" against Syria and the state, and hinted at the prospect of filing new charges against Etienne Saqr, leader of the Guardians of the Cedar, who already has an absentia death sentence hanging over his head.
		Vowing "not to spare anyone" who has contacted the Israelis, Addoum claimed a self-styled group of "Ashbah," or ghosts, an offshoot of the Lebanese Forces, has been conspiring to undermine President Emile Lahoud's regime.
	www.naharnet.com /domino/tn/Newsdesk.nsf/Story/34337F4E5313C76142256C77003CC10D?OpenDocument&PRINT (351 words)

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