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Topic: Etorofu

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	Japanese administration of the Kuril Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was because the Edo Shogunate controlled islands south of Etorofu and had guards stationed on those islands to prevent incursions by foreigners.
		In 1930, 8,300 people lived on Kunashiri island and 6,000 on Etorofu island, and most of them were engaged in coastal and high sea fishing.
		Kuril's defense was entrusted to Kita Chisima and Minami Chisima "Fortress", Imperial Japanese Army defensive organization along with the Imperial Japanese Navy with command in Sapporo and Nemuro.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_administration_of_the_Kuril_Islands (2456 words)

	Haruko Saito: The Northern Territory Problem, Past and Present
		The Second Article of the Treaty provided that the boundary line was demarcated between Etorofu (Iturup) and Urup, and "all the Island of Etorofu belongs to Japan, all the Island of Urup and the Kuril Islands to the north of it (Urup) belongs to Russia" in the Japanese text (underlined by the author).
		Secondly the Kuril Islands are geographically on the chain of volcanos from Kunashiri to Shumushu.
		Kunashiri and Etorofu are excluded of the Kuril Islands abandoned by Japan in the Peace Treaty of San Francisco.
	www.vgws.org /Texte/Saito.html (4389 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kuril Island conflict
		Etorofu in Japanese (択捉島), or "Iturup" in Russian (Итуруп)
		However, the Soviet Union chose not to be signatory to the San Francisco Treaty.
		The whole of Etorofu shall belong to Japan; and the Kurile Islands, lying to the north of and including Uruppu, shall belong to Russia." Note that Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomais Islands are not explicitly mentioned in the treaty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kuril-Island-conflict (938 words)

	Japan Focus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Questioned in the Diet on Oct. 19, 1951, over whether the word "Kurils" as used in the treaty included Etorofu and Kunashiri, the head of the Foreign Ministry Treaties Bureau, Nishimura Kumao, said unambiguously that both the northern Chishima and southern Chishima (Etorofu and Kunashiri) were included.
		Etorofu and Kunashiri are always called Minami (southern) Chishima in Japanese.
		Be all that as it may, the U.S., which in 1951 had forced Japan to renounce all claim to the Kurils, including Etorofu and Kunashiri, in 1956 was able to threaten to turn Okinawa into a U.S. colony if Japan did not maintain all claim to the Kurils, including Etorofu and Kunashiri.
	japanfocus.org /products/details/2018 (1936 words)

	trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is not to pour cold water on the Japanese claims for the Northern Territories.
		Unfortunately the Japanese legal claim over Etorofu and Kunashiri is almost non-existent since Japan, under pressure from the west, renounced all right and claim to "the Kurile Islands" in the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty.
		At the time it admitted sadly, but openly, that Etorofu and Kunashiri were included in the Kurile Islands it had renounced.
	www.gregoryclark.net /lovecall.html (494 words)

	The Kurile Islands
		During these negotiations, Japan reportedly claimed territorial rights to Etorofu, Kunashir, Shikotan, and Habomai, and demanded the return of these islands, but the position maintained by the Soviet Union was that they would return Shikotan and Habomai, but could not return Etorofu and Kunashir.
		Thus, it is considered that only the question of Etorofu and Kunashir Islands remain as an issue to be resolved in the peace treaty negotiations.
		Furthermore, in the Communique, it was agreed that the peace treaty should be the document marking the final resolution of war-related issues, including the territorial issue and that work to conclude the preparation of a peace treaty would be accelerated.
	members.tripod.com /~merkulov/TEXTS01/THEK.HTM (3991 words)

	Iturup - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Iturup (Ainu イト゚ルㇷ゚;; Japanese 択捉島, Etorofu; Russian Итуруп) is the biggest island of the Kuriles, located in the Sakhalin Oblast of Russia.
		Although Iturup is administered as part of Russia, Japan maintains a claim to it along with the other three islands (see Kuril Island conflict).
		You can find it there under the keyword Etorofu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etorofu)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etorofuandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Etorofu (197 words)

	Vocabulary of 'territorial dispute' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the north, it is separated with Uruppu Island by Etorofu Strait while in the south with Kunashiri Island by Kunashiri Strait.
		With Etorofu, Shikotan and Kunashiri islands, it forms so called "northern territory", of which return back is always claimed by Japan.
		In the north, it is separated with Etorofu Island by Kunashiri Strait while in the south with Hokkaido by Nemuro Strait.
	www.hikyaku.com /cgi-bin/keyword?geog+territorial_dispute+dico/geogifg (539 words)

	Japanese Auxiliary Oilers
		At 2030, ETOROFU discovers a surfaced submarine 5000 yards ahead and opens fire with her forward gun forcing the submarine to submerge.
		ETOROFU is detached and replaced by the kaibokan SADO.
		The escort is bolstered by the inclusion of kaibokans ETOROFU and SHONAN before departing later the same day.
	www.combinedfleet.com /Itsukushima2_t.htm (2164 words)

	Japan in Their Own Words
		In March 2001 then Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori proposed to Putin during talks in Irkutsk that simultaneous negotiations be held on the reversion of the Habomai and Shikotan islands (whose return was promised in the 1956 declaration) and on the sovereignty of the Kunashiri and Etorofu islands.
		Under the proposal, territorial negotiations would place emphasis on the sovereignty of Kunashiri and Etorofu while a special work group would be set up to discuss details of the return of Habomai and Shikotan.
		It would be an illusion to expect that the agreement on the two-track talks would lead to some dramatic progress in negotiations on the peace treaty.
	www.esuj.gr.jp /jitow/eng/contents/jitow_0053.htm (812 words)

	South Kuriles/Northern Territories: A Stumbling-block in Russia-Japan Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The whole of Etorofu shall belong to Japan, and the Kurile Islands, lying to the north of and including Uruppu, shall belong to Russia".
		As a legal pretext, Japanese protesters used the statement of the Allied powers confirmed during Potsdam conference according to which Japan was to be stripped of all the "territories which she has taken by violence and greed".
		Russian administration and population were to remain on Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and the Habomais for an indefinite period of time.
	www.iir.ubc.ca /cancaps/andersen.html (6839 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Creative thinking on the Kuril Islands
		This 37:63 split of the entire area of the disputed islands could be a win-win international resolution as well as a lose-lose result in the two countries' domestic politics, since giving up perceived sovereignty always goes against national sentiment.
		In addition, while Etorofu is known for its self-sustaining economy, supported by one major monopolistic fish processing firm called Gidrostroy, Kunashiri and Shikotan, both closer to Hokkaido, have been suffering from economic woes and are more dependant on the Japanese economy, especially Hokkaido Nemuro's local fishery industries.
		Further, given the shifting balance of power in Asia due to the rapid rise of China as a major political and economic power and the implications of North Korean problems and energy resources in Russia, cooperation between Japan and Russia is strategically very important.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nts52165.htm (2484 words)

	MOFA: Preface
		The treaty peacefully established that the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomai were Japanese territory, and that the islands to the north or Uruppu were Russian territory.
		According to the Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands of May 7, 1875, the islands from Uruppu to Shumush were peacefully ceded by Russia to Japan in exchange for the concession of Japanese rights to the island of Sakhalin.
		In the Convention on Fundamental Principles for Relations between Japan and the USSR of January 20, 1925 that announced the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union agreed that the Portsmouth Treaty of 1905 would remain in force.
	www.mofa.go.jp /region/europe/russia/territory/edition92/preface.html (1359 words)

	GLOCOM Platform - Debates
		Questioned in the Diet on Oct. 19, 1951, over whether the word "Kurils" as used in the treaty included Etorufu and Kunashiri, the head of the Foreign Ministry Treaties Bureau, Kumao Nishimura, said unambiguously that both the northern Chishima and southern Chishima (Etorofu and Kunashiri) were included.
		Some even insisted that southern Sakhalin (Karafuto), taken from czarist Russia after the Russo-Japan war of 1904-5, was also gained "peacefully." In particular, they were very unhappy about having to renounce all rights to the southern Kuril islands of Etorofu and Kunashiri, arguing that this "traditional territory" had never been controlled by Russia.
		Be all that as it may, the U.S., which in 1951 had forced Japan to renounce all claim to the Kurils, including Etorofu and Kunashiri, in 1956 was able to threaten to turn Okinawa into a U.S. colony if Japan did not maintain all claim to the Kurils, including Etorufu and Kunashiri.
	www.glocom.org /debates/20050325_clark_northern/index.html (1774 words)

	Kuril Island conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Etorofu Island" in Japanese 択捉島 or "Iturup" (Russian Итуруп)
		However in 1855 the Treaty of Commerce and Delimitation (the Shimoda Treaty) which provides an agreement on national boundaries between the nations was concluded.
		The whole of Etorofu shall belong Japan; and the Kurile Islands lying to north of and including Uruppu shall belong Russia." Note that Kunashiri Shikotan and Habomais are not explicitly mentioned in the treaty.
	www.freeglossary.com /Kuril_Island_conflict (460 words)

	FoodMarket.com - Daily Industry News Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SEAFOOD.COM NEWS [Kyodo News] - March 25, 2005 -MOSCOW, -- A fire Wednesday destroyed a major seafood processing plant in the city of Reydovo on Etorofu Island, one of four islands claimed by Japan and Russia, Interfax news agency reported.
		The blaze forced about 800 residents living near the Gidrostroy seafood plant to temporarily evacuate from their homes, the report said.
		Japan and Russia are locked in a decades-long territorial dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and the Habomai islet group.
	news.seafoodnet.com /newsopen.asp?key=252031 (155 words)

	JRL 4-3-02 - Russia, Japan, Territorial Dispute
		The gap between the two sides was first narrowed during talks between their foreign ministries in 2000.
		A compromise would entail the return of Habomai and Shikotan to Japan, joint development of Kunashiri and Etorofu, and a peace and friendship treaty.
		The question of sovereignty over Kunashiri and Etorofu would be "blurred" and deferred for later talks.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/6168-12.cfm (482 words)

	ETOROFU Lyrics - by KENJI KAWAI from album GITS:INNOCENCE : Lyrics And Songs
		The Lyrics above are the lyrics to ETOROFU and are (absolutly correct)
		The Lyrics above are to ETOROFU and are (Mostly correct, Yet...
		The Lyrics seem to be the lyrics to ETOROFU But they are (Wrong)
	www.lyricsandsongs.com /song/567855.html (269 words)

	Case Study
		It is considered that the territorial dispute is both political and economic issue.
		The whole of Etorofu shall belong to Japan, and the Kurile Islands lying to the north of and including Urup, shall belong to Russia.
		The "Kurile Islands" that Japan renounced did not include Etorofu, Kunashir, Shikotan, or Habomai islands, which had always been Japanese territories.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/KURILE.HTM (4016 words)

	USS Kearsage Rescues Soviet Soldiers, 1960 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All four were exhausted and emaciated but reportedly in good spirits and coherent when they were brought aboard the Kearsarge by helicopter from their storm-tossed 50-foot landing craft, a Soviet version of the Navy's LCM (Landing Craft Mechanized).
		The soldiers had been at the mercy of the seas since the night of January 17 when their boat became crippled in a severe storm off Etorofu-to Island in the Kuriles, just north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido.
		It is estimated they had drifted about 1,020 miles.
	www.history.navy.mil /wars/kearsage.htm (502 words)

	Russia to build airport on Etorofu: Russian radio Asian Economic News - Find Articles
		Russian authorities in Sakhalin plan to build a new airport on Etorofu, the biggest of the four Russian-held northern Pacific islands claimed by Japan, the Voice of Russia radio broadcast said.
		The airport project, which Voice of Russia said will be completed in a few years, apparently serves as part of President Vladimir Putin's strategy to underline Russian ownership of the island.
		According to Voice of Russia, Russian authorities also plan to build an airport on Paramushir, the northernmost island in the Kurils.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2001_Nov_26/ai_81828254 (209 words)

	ZNet \|Japan \| Ending the Russia-Japan Impasse: fresh thinking on the Kurils
		The three islands only constitute 37% of the total, but Japan could give up Etorofu as a bitter legacy of World War II and a reminder of earlier leaders' serious political misjudgment -- a lesson for future Japanese politicians and the public.
		This 37-63 split of the entire area of the disputed islands could be a win-win international resolution as well as a lose-lose result in the two countries' domestic politics, since giving up perceived sovereignty always goes against national sentiment.
		Another reason to support such a solution is that since the three smaller islands -- Habomai, Shikotan and Kunashiri -- and the largest island -- Etorofu -- are administered by different local government organizations, it would be easier to redraw a national boundary between Kunashiri and Etorofu.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=17&ItemID=7810 (2343 words)

	The Hindu : Russia rejects Japan's claim on island
		Vladimir Putin, in Irkutsk in March Moscow and Tokyo had basically agreed to launch talks on the return of Shikotan island and the Habomai islets with separate negotiations started for the larger Kunashiri and Etorofu islands.
		``No agreement was ever reached to conduct separate consultations on terms of handing over the Smaller Kurile Chain (Shikotan and Habomai) and on the fate of the Kunashiri and Etorofu,'' said the Russian Foreign Ministry in a statement on Monday.
		It recalled that the sides had agreed to pursue talks on the basis of the 1956 declaration, in which the former Soviet Union voiced ``readiness to hand over to Japan the Smaller Kurile Chain after a peace treaty has been signed''.
	www.hindu.com /2001/05/15/stories/0315000r.htm (405 words)

	Kurilen
		Allein auf den nach 1945 von der Sowjetunion eroberten Südkurilen-Inseln Etorofu (russ.
		Die größten Inseln im Süden: Etorofu Iturup 3139 km²) Kunashiri (russ.
		Kunashir 1500 Shikotan (255 km2) und die Habomai-Gruppe vor (102 km²) insgesamt etwa die Hälfte der aller Kurilen-Inseln werden von Japan beansprucht.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Kurilen.html (572 words)

	USSBS: Interrogations of Japanese Officials -- 67/311
		During Commander SHIMADA's duty on the Staff of Commander Northeast Area Fleet, the sinking of 2 United States submarines was claimed by Japanese aircraft.
		In April 1944 a carrier type bomber dove from 500-600 meters (1,640-1,970 ft.) on a U.S. submarine which was cruising at periscope depth off ETOROFU.
		The plane released one 250 kilogram bomb fuzed with a time fuze to detonate at a fixed depth.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/IJO/IJO-67.html (1120 words)

	TIME.com: One More Haircut -- Oct. 8, 1956 -- Page 1
		Sagoya and his bullyboys were by no means the only Japanese who were disturbed by Hatoyama's new-found willingness to agree to an interim peace settlement that would not commit Russia to return to Japan the southern Kuril islands of Etorofu and Kunashiri.
		Earlier, the powerful businessmen who finance Hatoyama's Liberal-Democratic Party demanded that the Premier abandon the Moscow trip unless the Russians could be persuaded to give advance assurances that possession of Etorofu and Kunashiri would "continue to be the subject of negotiations" even after a peace settlement.
		To pacify the businessmen, the Hatoyama government promptly sent Japan's Roving Ambassador Shunichi Matsumoto off; to Russia to seek such assurances.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,824420,00.html (664 words)

	s41a-02 in fm96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Using the method of the modified joint hypocenter determination, we relocated foreshocks, a main shock and aftershocks of the 1995 off Etorofu earthquake simultaneously to study foreshock activities in detail in view of the nucleation process of the large earthquake.
		Distribution of relocated earthquakes and their focal mechanisms suggest that the 1995 off Etorofu earthquake is an interplate earthquake at the boundary between the North America (or Okhotsk) and Pacific plates.
		Its source area overlaps with those of the 1958 off Etorofu (m 8.1) and the 1963 Kurile (Mw 8.5) earthquakes.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm96&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm96/fm96&maxhits=200&="S41A-02" (5774 words)

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