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Topic: Etowah Indian Mounds

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	Etowah Indian Mounds
		It was the third largest of all of the Mound building settlements, extending over 52 acres, and was populated between 1000 and 1550 A.D. The name "Etowah" is probably a corruption of the Indian word "itawa", the significance of which is not known.
		Etowah, the centre of political and religious life in the Etowah valley, was home to the chiefs who directed the growth, storage and distribution of food.
		This mound was built up in layers with changes in temple structures, fences, and burial practices dating from the earliest at the bottom to the latest at the top.
	www.btinternet.com /~ian.borthwick/LADAS/articles/etowah_article.html (1166 words)

	Etowah Indian Mounds - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Etowah Indian Mounds is an archaeological site in Bartow County, Georgia south of Cartersville, Georgia in the United States.
		Archaeological research on the subject is not conclusive, but the Etowah site may be the same as a village of a similar name visited by Spanish conquistador Hernando deSoto in 1540.
		The professional excavation of this enormous burial mound contributed a major research impetus to the study of Mississippian artifacts and peoples, and greatly increased the understanding of pre-Contact Native Americans artwork.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds (338 words)

	Georgic Archaeology Event Sequence timeline
		On the banks of the Etowah River, a group of earthen mounds was built by Indians for ceremonial and political purposes during the Mississippian Period.
		Indians of the Woodland Period are thought to have erected the effigy for ceremonial purposes.
		This complex of earthen mounds was constructed by Indians at the juncture of Roods Creek and the Chattahoochee River.
	www.thesga.org /publicsites.htm (759 words)

	LostWorlds.org \| Georgia : Etowah Indian Mounds- creek & cherokee indians
		The Etowah Mounds complex consists of six earthen mounds all in the traditional Mississippian truncated pyramid shape.
		These Indian mounds were built between 950 A.D. and 1450 A.D. although major construction didn't truly begin until around A.D. The Etowah Indian Mounds site is surrounded by a deep moat on three sides and the Etowah River on the fourth.
		Etowah Mounds would eventually be reinhabited but never again would it regain the power and the glory of its hey days.
	www.lostworlds.org /etowah_mounds.html (2017 words)

	Etowah Historic Site
		The name "Etowah" is said to be a corruption of the Indian word "itawa." In the two instances that the word "Etowah" occurred in Georgia's Cherokee lands, the whites converted it to "Hightower." The significance of "itawa" is not known.
		Mound A, the largest, is approximately 63 feet high, covers three acres at its base and is a half-acre at its top.
		Mound C was the site of the mortuary temple and excavations there yielded information about burials as well as social organization.
	www.tylwythteg.com /etowah/etowah1.html (1353 words)

	Etowah Mounds Archaeological Area - Home of the Moundbuilders
		The Etowah Indian Mounds were in use by 950AD and Etowah may have been the largest Mound Builder city at the end of the Middle Mississippian period.
		The mound is the tallest structure in the area and the view of the Etowah River Valley is impressive.
		Mound B is another temple mound while Mound C is a burial mound.
	ngeorgia.com /parks/etowah.html (971 words)

	The Smoky Mountain News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In a report on his mound explorations in the 1890s, the 19th century anthropologist Cyrus Thomas noted that “This is truly a grand and remarkable structure, being exceeded in size in the United States...
		The use of mound B is uncertain, but it may have been the site of a sub-chief’s residence, or maybe the location of a shaman who functioned as both a medicine man and as a priest.
		The slopes of the lower mounds were cultivated as was the top of the mound A. Today the view from the top of mound A is stunning.
	www.smokymountainnews.com /issues/12_02/12_11_02/mtn_voices.html (1024 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Etowah Mounds
		The largest, a temple mound, is more than 300 square feet at the base and rises to a height of slightly more than 60 feet.
		The mounds are situated along the sides of two rectangular plazas, the larger of which stretches approximately 300 feet.
		Surrounding the mound and plaza complex in the center of the town were residential houses.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-577 (386 words)

	Etowah River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Etowah River rises northwest of Dahlonega, Georgia, north of Atlanta.
		The Little River is the largest tributary of the Etowah, their confluence now flooded by Lake Allatoona.
		Allatoona Creek is another major tributary, flowing north from Cobb County and forming the other major arm of the lake.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Etowah_River (215 words)

	Resume (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Etowah Mounds site is located on the North bank of Etowah River near Cartersville, and it is also the principal archaeological site in the Etowah Valley.
		Mound A was probably the residence of the principal chief or priest.
		Mounds D and E were residence places for important people in the community.
	web.li.gatech.edu /~student/prehis_native_ams/etowah (279 words)

	Ford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mound B was similar to mound A. It is much smaller and housed the 2nd in line to the throne.
		Mound C was known as the burial mound.
		It is believed that the mound builders arrived in Etowah around 950 A.D. They are said to have moved east from the Mississippi River and brought with them their advanced cultural and agricultural techniques.
	www.giftedcenter.com /fod.htm (213 words)

	Georgia's Ancient Indian City - Etowah Indian Mounds
		The third most prominent mound at Etowah is one that has told us the most.
		What the mound builders did not have, however, was the European's technological knowledge or resistance to their diseases.
		Tour the site of the Ancient Indian City today at the Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site in Cartersville, Georgia (other must see attractions in the Cartersville/Bartow County area).
	notatlanta.org /indian_city.html (853 words)

	Etowah Site Painted Marble Statues, Page 2
		The Etowah marble statues would have been shaped with hammerstones by pecking the surface into shape and with abrasive materials such as sandstone to finish the surface.
		The two painted marble statues from Mound C were important to the people who used them 625 to 750 years ago.
		Mound A is one of the tallest in the country and there is a spectacular view from the top.
	lithiccastinglab.com /gallery-pages/2005juneetowahstatuespage2.htm (759 words)

	LEXIS-NEXIS® Academic Universe - Document
		The development at the perimeter of the Indian mounds, and at an additional 24 of Georgia's 63 state parks, earned the state the designation as most threatened in a recent survey by the National Park Trust, a Washington-based private land conservancy.
		The development at the edge of both the Etowah Indian Mounds and the Sweetwater Creek state park might have been prevented had adjoining property been bought by the state or donated by landowners.
		The Etowah mounds were purchased for preservation in 1953, for a nominal fee, from the Tumlin family.
	lobby.la.psu.edu /029_CARA/News_Stories/New_York_Times_090500.htm (1429 words)

	Alabama indian site was prehistoric hub \| ajc.com
		There are 26 mounds arranged in a horseshoe around the 317-acre Moundville Archaeological Park — four times as many as at the Etowah Mounds in Cartersville, three times as many as at the Ocmulgee Mounds in Macon.
		Climbing the steps up the largest mound and looking over the vista, you can understand why Europeans were so awed and mystified when they found the eastern part of the continent dotted with man-made hills, silent and abandoned, each constructed over centuries, a basket full of soil at a time.
		The mounds of Moundville, some of them as tall as 60 feet, are flat-topped and covered in grass and sometimes trees.
	www.ajc.com /news/content/travel/destinations/alabama/stories/092904getaway.html (1001 words)

	MSI: Sites, Parks and Museums
		However, extensive digging was undertaken in the mound and the "Urn Field" by the mound from the 1920's through the 1950's by amateur archaeologists.
		Etowah Indian Mounds Historic Site and Archaeological Area (E) Cartersville, GA Most impressive of more than 100 settlements in the Etowah Valley, this village was occupied from A.D. 6 earthen pyramids grouped around 2 public squares, the largest of which occupies several acres served as funeral mounds, bases for temples and the residences of chiefs.
		This second mound was examined by archaeologists from the University of Georgia in 1939-40.
	www.kennesaw.edu /sga/sites.html (9409 words)

	Piedmont Region - State Parks and Historic Sites - Georgia Outdoors.Com
		Walk among the mounds, the largest standing 63 feet tall and covering three acres.
		The Etowah Indian Mounds symbolize a society rich in ritual.
		In some mounds, nobility were buried in elaborate costumes accompanied by items they would need in their after-lives.
	www.georgiaoutdoors.com /parks/piedmont/parks/index.asp?parkname=etowah (273 words)

	Etowah Indian Mounds, Cartersville, Georgia
		At least 500 years old the wall is one of the lasting reminders of the Mississippian Culture who controlled this portion of Northwest Georgia.
		Once believed to have been moats, these pits were excavated to create the three predominant mounds roughly in the center of the park.
		Stairs allow access to the largest of the mounds, known as Mound A. Once on the top of this mound, turn around to see the ceremonial plaza much as one of the culture's religious leaders might have viewed in the 1400's.
	roadsidegeorgia.com /site/etowahmounds.html (416 words)

	Learning About the Etowah Indians
		Using the bookmarks, pull down to the URL for Etowah Indian Mounds to see the map of the Etowah Indian Mounds.
		With the students, brainstorm the various characteristics of the Etowah Indians and write them on the board.
		Discuss what crops were important to them, what the primary uses of the river was, what they used to defend themselves, what things did they trade, who used the mounds, what were the mounds used for, and why did their culture died off.
	www.glc.k12.ga.us /BuilderV03/LPTools/lpshared/lpdisplay.asp?LPID=10029 (525 words)

	North Georgia Activities- Blue Ridge Mountains- Horseback Riding- Etowah Indian Mounds- Chief Vann House- Fort Mountain ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The mound builders represent Mississippian culture, the last prehistoric cultural development in North America.
		The 54-acre Etowah Indian Mounds State Park site, which dates about 950 A.D., includes seven mounds, borrow pits, a plaza, part of the original village and a museum.
		Mound builders used an intricate trading system, were accomplished craftsmen, practiced religion and had a lineal form of government.
	www.theoverlookinn.com /blueridge-mountain-activities.htm (687 words)

	08/25/00 -- Endangered species: State parks threatened by the maw of sprawl
		The 54-acre Etowah Indian Mounds site in Georgia was home to several thousand Native Americans between 1000 and 1500 A.D. The site comprises six earthen mounds.
		Ten years ago, from the top of a 63-foot knoll at Etowah Indian Mounds Historic Site northwest of Atlanta, Georgia, you could see rolling pastures, cotton and soybean fields, the tree-lined foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and the Etowah River to the south.
		The 54-acre Etowah site was home to several thousand Native Americans from 1000 to 1500 A.D. The site comprises six mounds and is the most intact Mississippian Culture site in the southeastern United States.
	forests.org /archive/america/enspstp1.htm (664 words)

	[No title]
		Indian Mounds of the Ohio Valley: A Guide to Adena and Hopewell Sites.
		Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology.
		Proceedigns of the 1984 Mid-South Archaeological Conference Pinson Mounds, Tennessee-June, 1984, edited by R. Mainfort, p.
	www.angelfire.com /zine/meso/meso/moundbuilders.html (569 words)

	Etowah Indian Mounds, Cartersville, GA.
		Today's Etowah River was home to a vast village of Moundbuilders.
		It was the ceremonial center of these Indians who had surprisingly advanced technology and agricultural techniques.
		Highlight:Climb the largest of the mounds then turn around at the top of the steps and view the ceremonial grounds as an ancient chieftain might have.
	chieftainstrail.com /sites/etowah_indian_mounds.html (184 words)

	Wildernet - Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site
		One of the mounds, a 63-foot flat-topped earthen knoll, was used as a platform for the home of the priest-chief.
		In another mound, nobility were buried in elaborate costumes accompanied by items they would need in their afterlives.
		Recreation - Exploring the Etowah Indian mounds and the museum are the main activities at this historic site.
	www.wildernet.com /pages/area.cfm?areaid=GASPEIM&cu_id=1 (352 words)

	"the People's Paths home page!" North American Indian Historical Sites
		Indian Mound and Museum ~ Florence, Alabama "This is one of the largest domiciliary Indian mounds in the Tennessee Valley.
		Within the monument's borders are 191 known prehistoric mounds, 29 in the form of bear and bird effigies and the remainder conical or linear shaped.
		The Alligator Mound Vanishing Heritage, Planning for the Future of Ohio's Past "The Alligator Mound is located on a prominent point at the southern extension of a long glaciated ridge in Licking County.
	www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net /special/mounds.htm (4735 words)

	Indian Mounds--Georgia
		A Cartersville City Schools page on the Etowah mounds and Mississippian culture with a link to a map of the mounds.
		Built by the Indians during the Mississippian Period, it was partially excavated in 1915...The mound may be seen on the east side of GA Highway 75 just before crossing the Chattahoochee River south of Helen." Nacoochee Indian Mound
		Mississippian Period complex of earthen mounds at the juncture of Roods Creek and the Chattahoochee River.
	www.ibsgwatch.imagedjinn.com /learn/georgia.htm (526 words)

	August 2001 Georgia Statewide RBA Transcripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As soon as you clear the Indian mounds site and a grove of trees, the sod farm will open up on both sides of the road.
		As you travel down this road, a second road will go to the left to the indian mounds, and at this point look for a pool of water about 100 yards out into the field on the right.
		Bruce Dralle called in to report a MARBLED GODWIT at the Legacy Sod Farms near the Etowah Indian Mounds in Bartow County, SW of Cartersville.
	www.gos.org /rbas/ga2001/2001-08.html (4043 words)

	Environmental Education in Georgia - Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The largest Indian mound in Georgia is among these mounds and stands 63 feet tall and covers three acres.
		Visitors are invited to climb to the top of this mound, look out over the river and valley and imagine life hundreds of years ago.
		This pre-history Native American site is considered the largest and most imporant Indian settlement in the Etowah Valley.
	eeingeorgia.org /info.asp?id=6410&siteid=4863 (235 words)

	Indian Mounds State Park, a Florida State Park near Quincy, Tallahassee
		Etowah Indian Mounds, Cartersville, Georgia - These Indian Mounds were created between 950AD and 1450AD and are some of the few remaining of this...
		Etowah Indian Mounds State Park County:Bartow City: Cartersville Home to prehistoric Indians...
		Etowah Mounds Archaeological Area - Home of the Moundbuilders - One of the oldest inhabited areas(moundbuilders) in both the state of Georgia and the Eastern United...
	www.stateparks.com /indian_mounds.html (208 words)

	Moundbuilders, North Georgia's early inhabitants
		Lesser leaders might also live on mounds, but the tallest would be for the temple of the Chief Priest.
		Etowah was a capital city in this river floodplain.
		The most intact Mississippian Cultural site in the East is the Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site.
	ngeorgia.com /history/early.html (475 words)

	NACS Video and Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This video provides an historical overview of the indigenous Native Americans of Georgia covering the period of the Mississippian mound builders through the historical period of the Cherokee and Creek Nations.
		Mississippian mound builders through the historical period of the Cherokee and Creek Nations.
		The Indian Removal Act and resulting "Trail of Tears" of 1838 are discussed.
	www.skillsalive.com /video.htm (581 words)

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