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	Etruscan Civilization - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Sethlans was the Etruscan counterpart of Vulcan; Fuflans, of Bacchus (as Dionysus was later known); and Turms, of Mercury.
		Many elements of Etruscan religion were embraced by the Romans, including the concepts of the cyclic return of the golden age and the rite of human sacrifice, which may have given rise to the gladiatorial games.
		Etruscan art was related to that of the Greeks (in both Greece and southern Italy) and to that of Egypt and Asia Minor.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761578572__1/Etruscan_Civilization.html (2741 words)

	Etruscan art - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Etruscan art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Etruscan art, which included painting, pottery, metalwork, and jewellery as well as sculpture, had a great influence on the development of later Western art.
		The Etruscans (an ancient people of central Italy) made finely carved terracotta coffins, and their tombs are often decorated with brightly coloured frescoes of scenes of everyday life.
		Etruscan terracotta coffins (sarcophagi), carved with reliefs and topped with portraits of the dead reclining on one elbow, were to influence the later Romans and early Christians.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Etruscan+art (468 words)

	Italian And Etruscan Sculpture
		Terracotta was, however, the favorite material for sculpture throughout Central and Southern Italy from the sixth to the third centuries, and nowhere can the sculpturesque possibilities of this material be seen so well exhibited as in the history of sculpture in these early Italian schools.
		In the warrior figures on the stelae, in the winged lions or sphinxes in stone that guard the entrances, we trace Oriental traditions.
		Etruscan sculpture may be best studied in Italy at the Museo Civico of Bologna, the Museo Archeologico at Florence, the local museums of Volterra, Perugia, Corneto, and Chiusi, and at Rome in the Vatican and Papa Giulio Museums.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles08/sculpture-12.shtml (1841 words)

	Etruscan terracotta warriors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The three Etruscan terracotta warriors are art forgeries, statues made to resemble work of ancient Etruscans.
		The three warrior statues were first exhibited together in 1933.
		The museum was still not convinced until Etruscan experts realized that the statues had been built from pieces, instead of being fired as a single object, as Etruscans had done.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Etruscan_terracotta_warriors (461 words)

	TVM Entry Floor: Etruscan Art
		The Etruscans had an alphabet based on the Greek alphabet, an arts tradition, a religion based on human-type gods which was Greek in origin, and a complicated set of rituals for divining the future.
		Etruscans like the Egyptians, Greeks, and later the Romans, painted their statues, so what you see in a museum is not what a contemporary of the sculptor would have seen.
		Terracotta sculpture is much cheaper to produce than cutting marble or other stone and at that time it was the only way of producing large sculpture.
	www.tigtail.org /L_View/TIG/TVM/E/Ancient/Etruscan/etruscan.html (504 words)

	Etruscans - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Etruscans
		Etruscan kings first ruled in Rome, and their civilization was the basis for the Roman world, which later took on the Etruscan skills in government, art, and medicine.
		The Etruscan government was a close aristocracy and was confined to the family of the Lucumones who combined civil with religious functions.
		Hiero I of Syracuse defeated the Etruscans in a naval battle at Cumae 474.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Etruscans (413 words)

	The Case of the Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The “old warrior” (he had a white beard and was emaciated, somewhat like, as one observer commented later, a Giacommetti sculpture) was soon followed by a massive four-foot tall terra cotta warrior’s head, and there was even talk of a greater treasure waiting to be found...
		The warrior is missing his right arm for the simple reason that the two forgers could not agree on how to position the arm, so they compromised by breaking it off and discarding it.
		Attempts to erase doubts that were already being whispered in art circles in Europe, as well as the hope that the “secret” field they had been found in might be divulged by their “discoverers”, delayed the publication of a scholarly monograph on the three figures until 1937.
	www.joslinhall.com /etruscan_terracotta.htm (747 words)

	[No title]
		The study of Etruscan history has not been done in any large quantity, much because of the fact that that there is not a large amount of resources containing usefull information, contrary to the case with Greek and Roman civilizations not many texts has survived from antiquity.
		The first Etruscan city to be conquered by the Romans was Veii in 396 B.C. and by the end of the 3rd century B.C Rome had conquered all of the Etruscan cities.
		The Etruscan´s used an army which was gathered from the citizens who were not paid and did not consist of "professional" warriors apart from some basic millitary training that often only the rich received.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/2392/rometur.html (3377 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.9.26
		Among Etruscan "firsts" on which Brendel bestowed art-historical contexts are the earliest preserved example of the technique of foreshortening in monumental painting, in the fifth-century Tarquinian Tomba del Triclinio (the book, pp.
		The abstract origins of Etruscan portraiture are now being recognized in some striking busts of sheet bronze, the heads of which are spheres decorated only with geometric patterns, and which were sometimes completed with bronze hands.
		Etruscan Hellenistic chronology is even murkier than the Greek, but many scholars are now dealing with tomb groups in which urns, mirrors, vases and coins may serve to fix their art in time.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.9.26.html (3700 words)

	Terracotta warrior News, Links, & Information - holywarriors.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Qin Shihuang: Terracotta Warriors and Horses : Catalogue to the "Exhibition of the Terracotta Figures of Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty of Ch
		Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shi Huang
		XI'AN: "I'm making terracotta women and children in Qin Dynasty warrior uniforms, to show they are the biggest sufferers of war." These are the words of Marian Heyerdahl, a 49-year-old Norwegian artist who is building her own army in Xi'an, capital of northwestern Shaanxi Province.
	www.holywarriors.org /Terracotta-warrior.html (897 words)

	Etruscan Sculpture
		When the Etruscan religion was bought into closer contact with the Hellenistic religion we begin to see the first pieces of “Mythological sculpture”, however many of these seem to be but an echo of the Greek mythology, transcripting scenes that seemed to the Etruscans suitable to illustrate the life, death, and future of their dead.
		Terracotta was used instead of stone or marble in many places during much of the afor mentioned period for the temple sculptures.
		ARCHAIC ETRUSCAN style, in all its primitive crudeness and beautifull simplicity and realism is the only period when Etruscan art has little ouside influences (Carthage and Greek), though many perceive traces of the lingering of Oriental and the more frequent incoming of Greek wares.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/412409 (1838 words)

	Classics at Victoria University of Wellington: Classics Museum
		Etruscan pottery from central and Northern Italy is represented in the collection by a burnished fl bucchero kyathos (6th century BCE) without painted decoration, and an impasto skyphos.
		There are several Roman terracotta oil lamps and a pitcher, in addition to a number of Roman glass bottles (c.100 BCE - 100 CE).
		Three dimensional art is represented by a number of terracotta figurines and moldings as well as a marble female head probably from the Late Classical or Hellenistic period (400 BCE - 31 CE).
	www.vuw.ac.nz /Classics/about/classics_museum.html (1142 words)

	Ancient Historical Sources
		The Etruscans as a nation were distinguished above all others by their devotion to religious observances, because they excelled in the knowledge and conduct of them....
		The Etruscans were the oldest inhabitants of this plain [the Po valley] at the same time as they also controlled the Phlegraean plain, close to Capua and Nola, which is accessible and well-known to many people, and has such a reputation for fertility.
		The last battle between the Etruscans and the Romans was fought near the city of Eretum in the territory of the Sabines.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /ancient.html (5167 words)

	Etruscan Cinerary Urn with Anthropomorphic Lid- Antiqueo.com, Gallery of European Antiquities and Artefacts
		Impressive Etruscan terracotta secondary burial box with figural lid from another, but similar cinerary urn.
		On the border, etruscan inscriptions are partly visible as is usual with cinerary urns.
		The urn dates from a period when Etruscan culture was becoming increasingly similar to that of the Romans: the Etruscans practised the Roman
	www.antiqueo.com /artefacts/roman/important_etruscan_cinerarium.html (462 words)

	Welcome to Arte Primitivo
		Terracotta secondary burial box with figural lid from another, but similar vessel.
		Lid bears molded figure of ra eclining woman resting on her elbow upon pillows and holding a wreath on her lap, her hair covered with veil, her garment described in bold drapes.
		The urn is decorated at front with a low relief battle scene in which a hero with a spear is fighting with three warriors wearing full military regalia.
	www.arteprimitivo.com /scripts/detail.asp?LOT_NUM=110926 (99 words)

	Volterra - the Guarnacci Museum
		The town itself is encircled by the remnants of Etruscan walls and the surrounding countryside has been a rich source of Etruscan tomb discoveries.
		The cinerary urns were and are still displayed according to the theme carved on the lower case of the urns and the other items according to their typology.
		At the entrance fragments of terracotta decorations from the temple excavated on the acropolis are displayed.
	www.volterra.net /guarnacci_museum.htm (1117 words)

	Etruscan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Etruscan alphabet, see Old Italic alphabet#The Etruscan alphabet
		This page was last modified 19:49, 24 April 2006.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Etruscan contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Etruscan (45 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 1961
		January 5 - Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
		Alfredo Fioravanti was an Italian sculptor, who was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
		The central lobby of the museum The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as The Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums, located on the eastern edge of Central Park in Manhattan, New York, United States.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1961 (8542 words)

	Figure, Warrior \| Subject Index \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Standing Warrior, 11th–17th century (1455–1640); Lower Niger Bronze Industry, Nigeria, Niger Valley between the confluence area and the delta, Brass (1977.173)
		Terracotta standing male figurine holding a quadruped, ca.
		Young Warrior, early 16th century, Workshop of Tullio Lombardo (Italian, Venetian, ca.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hi/hi_fiwa.htm (491 words)

	day2captions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Etruscan bronze mirror with ivory handle; depicts the judgement of Paris, the chariot of Helios, and Herakles by a funeral pyre.
		Winged horses made by an anonymous Etruscan artist 300- 200 B.C. Plan of an Etruscan temple.
		Model of Hut A from the Palatine Hill, Rome, 8th - 7th cents.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/romanciv/romancivimages2/daytwocaptions.html (181 words)

	Geometric Art in Ancient Greece \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There can be little doubt, however, that many of the principal characters and stories of Greek mythology already existed, and that they simply had not yet received explicit visual form.
		Surviving material shows a mastery of the major media—turning, decorating, and firing terracotta vases; casting and coldworking bronze; engraving gems; and working gold.
		The only significant medium that had not yet evolved was that of monumental stone sculpture—large-scale cult images most likely were constructed of a perishable material such as wood.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/grge/hd_grge.htm (637 words)

	[Rarebooks] fs: Holy (not) Ancient Etruscan Terracotta Warriors, Batboy!!
		Between 1915 and 1921 the Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased three extraordinary ancient Etruscan terra cotta warriors...
		The warriors were, in fact, fakes, carried out on a grand, almost "mythic" scale, and even as the ink dried on the checks, doubts were being whispered in art circles in Europe.
		In 1959, when a visiting Italian scholar was offered a chance to see the statues and commented that he did not need to see them since he knew the man who had made them, the authorities at the museum decided something had to be done.
	rarebooksmailinglist.com /pipermail/rarebooks_rarebooksmailinglist.com/2005-December/003934.html (440 words)

	Forgery, Fraud & Forensics profile: Antiquities and Ethnography
		Recent high profile exposures include the Louvre's Tiara of Saitapharnes (supposedly 3rd Century BC Scythian but probably Russian from the turn of last century), the Getty Kouros, Etruscan terracottas in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Vinland Map at Yale.
		Earlier excitements include Curzio Inghirami's 'discovery' in 1634 of Etruscan manuscripts - alas written on linen rag-paper with contemporary watermarks - with supposed prophecies by the augur Prospero of Fiesole regarding the birth of Christ.
		forged terracotta statues of Etruscan warriors acquired by the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art between 1915 and 1921.
	www.caslon.com.au /forgeryprofile4.htm (1484 words)

	Fakes, Frauds & Forgery -Bookcase 2 at Joslin Hall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Greek, Etruscan and Roman", noted that "references to Passeri's work have been avoided, as it has been shown by Dr. Dressel that nearly all those published by him are false."
		What we are left with, however, is one of the most elaborate catalogs of fakes ever produced.
		Richter, Gisela M.A. Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
	www.joslinhall.com /fakes2.htm (2322 words)

	Radio National The Deep End
		At Number Five, it was the ancient Egyptian animal mummies - these have often turned out to be just filled with rags.
		Next was the group of famous museums taken in by some impressive forgeries - like the Etruscan terracotta warriors at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
		Then The James Ossuary, which caused a stir when it was found with the inscription 'James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus'.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/deepend/stories/s1675921.htm (221 words)

	Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York - RICHTER, G.M.A. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		RICHTER, G.M.A. Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
		Hundreds of the world's finest antiquarian and used booksellers offer their books on Antiqbook.
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.nl /boox/coe/AE_6.shtml (69 words)

	ROYAL-ATHENA CATALOGS
		We are pleased to issue this catalogue celebrating our 51st year dealing in ancient art.
		Gods and Mortals II 85 select ancient Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian bronzes commemorating our first Gods and Mortals exhibition in 1989.
		E-mail, write or telephone to place your name without charge on our mailing list to receive our latest illustrated and priced complimentary brochures, announcements of new catalogues and invitations to previews of our exhibitions.
	www.royalathena.com /PAGES/catalogue.html (266 words)

	999 B.C. - 1 B.C. 100 ClayStation's Ceramic Art History Guide
		500 B.C. Permanent Collection - The Etruscans were a mysterious people, their place of origin unknown, their language little understood.
		In the 7th and 6th centuries B.C. they controlled the major part of the Italian peninsula, living in walled city-states set on hilltops.
		600 B.C. The Etruscan Tombs at Cerveteri and Tarquinia Etruscans were the main tribe in Italy before the rise of the Roman empire and
	www.claystation.com /resources/ceramic_art_history/999bc-1bc.html (262 words)

	Franklin University - ICS 350 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Marvelous collection of internet resources and bibliographic material on Etruscan culture, history, and religion.
		All Chinese dynasties through 1949 are listed here; you can find out more information about specific dynasties (like the Han) if they are underscored.
		Collection of articles and essays on the Qin dynasty with special emphasis on the Qin military, the construction of the Great Wall, and the recent excavation of life-size terracotta warriors sculpted for the Qin emperor.
	www.franklin.edu /programs/ics/resources/350/matureempires.html (477 words)

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